1、上一页下一页主菜单现在完成时要点现在完成时要点 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系have been 与与have gone 比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一、一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词（pppp）助动词助动词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。用于其他所有人称。规则动词的过去分词变化与过去式相同，规则动词的
2、过去分词变化与过去式相同，不规则变化则须单独记忆。不规则变化则须单独记忆。二、现在完成时的主要用法二、现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am fre-I have finished my homework.I am fre (我已我已经
3、经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达）通常与等表达）通常与 just，already,before,yet,never,ever 等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如：上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多
4、年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作现在的动作,也也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。许还会持续下去的动作或状态。常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时间，一段时间，so far“so far“到到目前为止目前为止”、how longhow long等时间
5、状语连用。等时间状语连用。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）三、现在完成时的三、现在完成时的标志性时间状语标志性时间状语already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for some timefor some time（13）recently近来
6、（不久前近来（不久前时，过去式时，过去式）例例 for 2 hoursfor 2 hours for a long time for a long time 上一页下一页主菜单短暂性短暂性动词与动词与延续性动词问题延续性动词问题 for some time for some time、sincesince、how long how long 必须与延续性动必须与延续性动词连用词连用 ，短暂性动词短暂性动词否定句中，才可以与时间段连用。否定句中，才可以与时间段连用。He has died for 3 years He has died for 3 years 错错 He has been dea
7、d for 3 years.He has been dead for 3 years.对对但下俩句正确：但下俩句正确：I havent bought the bike for a year.I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页 主菜单for some time、since、how long时间段时间段 become bec
8、ome be be,begin,begin havehave,borrow ,borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,die,die be be deaddead,finish,finish be overbe over,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/inbe here/there/in，join the army join the army be in the army be in the army （be a member of be a member of ）leaveleave be
9、away(from),be away(from),go to school-be in schoolsit downsit down-sit ,-sit ,stand upstand up-stand-standcatch(get)a cold-have a coldjoin the Party-be a Party member fall asleep-be asleep close-be closed open-be open下一页上一页主菜单.我们买这本书三年了我们买这本书三年了.We have had the book for three years.他感冒三天了他感冒三天了.He h
10、as had a cold for three days.We bought the book three years ago.He caught a cold three days ago.比较：比较：自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书我就借了这本书.I have kept the book since last week.我成为一个学生两年多了我成为一个学生两年多了.I have been a student for over two years.I borrowed the book last week.I became a student two years ago.Mr B
11、lack死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10分钟了分钟了 The class has been over for ten minutes.9.电影
12、开始了一小时了电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour.翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.a
13、go.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas co
14、me back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for
15、10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been to与have gone to 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in
16、意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to Guiling,I went there I have been to Guiling,I went there last year.last year.我去
17、过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。上一页下一页主菜单 与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，去的事情，;而一而一般过去时，则只般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过去的发生在过去的动作和事情动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought
18、an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉
19、字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时一般过去时:上一页下一页eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since h
20、e was a child,he has lived in England.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before yesterday(),the day before yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last
21、 week.主菜单一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过某如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时现在完成时；但；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑
22、问词）就要用那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如：Have you had your breakfast?Yes,I have.When did you have it?At seven thirty.What did you have?-Cakes.-How many did you have?-Two.三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则
23、用一般过去时。如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.注意：注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?上一页主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the
24、 room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)t
25、here?3.How many times _you_(be)there?HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?
26、Yes.How _ she _(go)there?How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.She _(go)there by air.6.6.So farSo far,many countries _(develop),many countries _(develop)their software programs.their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up
27、 smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last yearsince last year.have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegavehas givenhas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.Hi
28、s father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ seve
29、ral 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the no
30、rth for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for seve
31、ral days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1
32、.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单 1.Take some medicine or you _(feel
33、)even worse.2.They _(not arrive)in Beijing yet.3.Ann _(have)a cold since yesterday.4.He _(go)if it _(be)fine tomorrow.5.He _(run)out ten minutes ago and he _(not come)back since then.用正确的时态填空:1.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _(know)whats happened to him.2、The famous writer _(write)one new book
34、 in the past two years.3.Our country _(change)a lot so far.I hope it will be even better.4、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.(study)5、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.(see)1.The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_t
35、he sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have m
36、et C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last
37、week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C wil
38、l last D lasts、翻译下列句子：、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从自从1992年他住在这里。年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了他离开中国三年了 1.Have you eatten fish and frenc
39、h frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away Chin
40、a for three years.()1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you()2.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()
41、4.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead BCBD()5.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()6._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go
42、D.Do;go()7.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you()8.How long have you _ the football team of the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on AACD()9.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone()10.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has heBCDD
