1、Unit 21 Human Biology基础知识梳理基础知识梳理F词汇梳理1._ vi.循环_ n.循环2._ vt.消化3._ n.听觉4._ vt.滥用5._ vt.容忍_ adj.可以容忍的6._ vt.寻找7._ adj.有争议的8._ vt.反对9._ vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾_ n.矛盾；对立10._ vt.违反；违背11._ vt.满足；迎合12._ vt.款待13._ n.储存14._ vt.推迟；延期15._ vt.重建16._ vt.禁止17._ n.暂停；停顿18._ n.统计资料；统计数字 19._ n.新闻界；报界20._ n.变化；变种_ vt.适应；改编；改写
2、21._ vt.预见22._ vt.&vi.开处方_ n.处方23._ vt.表明重要性；强调24._ adj.彻底的；细致的25._ n.信心26._ adj.临时的；短暂的27._ vi.下降28._ n.最低；最小_ n.最大29._ n.团体；公共机构30._ adv.无条件地31._ vt.装备；配备_ n.装备；配备32._ n.大笔钱财；巨款33._ n.询问34._ n.截止日期；最后日期35._ vt.提交36._ n.延期37._ n.担心；担忧38._ adj.怀疑的39._ adj.不合理的；荒谬的40._ n.情形；情况自我校对1.circulate；circulat
3、ion 2.digest 3.hearing 4.abuse 5.tolerate；tolerant 6.seek 7.controversial 8.oppose 9.contradict；contradiction 10.violate 11.cater 12.treat 13.storage 14.postpone 15.rebuild 16.prohibit 17.pause 18.statistics 19.press 20.adaptation；adapt 21.foresee 22.prescribe；prescription 23.underline 24.thorough 2
4、5.faith 26.temporary 27.decline 28.minimum；maximum 29.institution 30.unconditionally 31.equip；equipment 32.fortune 33.enquiry 34.deadline 35.submit 36.extension 37.concern 38.sceptical 39.absurd 40.circumstance F短语梳理1._ 徒然；白费力气2._ 不管多大代价；无论如何3._ 终止；消灭4._ 无论如何；至少5._ 彻底毁灭6._ 长期地；永久地7._ 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会8._ 聚
5、焦；集中；对准9._ 随便地；随意地自我校对1.in vain 2.at all costs 3.stop sth.in its tracks 4.at any rate 5.wipe out 6.for good 7.miss out 8.focus on 9.at random重点知识探究重点知识探究F重点单词1.tolerate vt.容忍；宽容I cant tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能容忍你无礼的行为。She refused to tolerate being called a liar.她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。知识梳理toler
6、ate doing 容忍干某事探究练习Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant _ so much noise.A.tolerate B.ignoreC.undertake D.concern【解析】A 考查了tolerate表示“容忍；忍受”之意的用法。句意：有些老人不喜欢流行音乐因为他们不能忍受这么多噪音。2.seek vt&vi.寻找；寻求；请求；要求；试图Something suspicious was found after the room was sought through.房间被彻底搜查后，发现了一点可疑的东西
7、。He sought to speak to her.他寻找机会与她说话。知识梳理seek after/for 寻找seek through 在中搜寻；搜查遍seek to do 设法做某事seek ones fortune 寻找致富之路；外出闯荡点津提示seek的过去式和过去分词均为sought探究练习She managed to calm him down and _ help from a neighbour.A.seek B.askC.support D.demand【解析】A 考查了及物动词seek表示“寻求”之意的用法。而ask是不及物动词，后面接for再接宾语；support是“
8、支持”；demand是“要求”，均为干扰项。3.oppose vt.反对；使对立；抵抗Why did you oppose my suggestion?你为什么反对我的建议？I am opposed to their marriage.我反对他们结婚。求同存异oppose，object二者均含有“反对”之意；oppose表示“采取积极行动来反对”，着重动作，对象一般是重大的事；object“反对”；指个人不赞成某事，或持有相反的意见，常与to搭配。知识梳理(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.反对某事/做某事/某人做某事oppose sth.to/aga
9、inst sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的be opposed to.反对；与对立(3)opposite adj.相对的；对面的 n.对立的人(物)；对立面探究练习用oppose或object的适当形式填空。(1)We can sense that he doesnt _ the suggestion at all from his expression.(2)She _ to being scolded in public at the meeting.【答案】(1)oppose (2)objected4.postpone vt.推迟；延期Th
10、e baseball was postponed because of the bad weather.棒球赛因为天气不好而延期了。We have to postpone going to France because the children are ill.我们不得不推迟去法国，因为孩子病了。The concert has been postponed to Saturday.音乐会已经推迟到星期六了。知识梳理postpone doing 推迟做某事postpone.to.把推迟到探究练习The sports meet was put off because of the rain and
11、 it will _ next week.A.be postponed to B.be postponed onC.postpone to D.postpone on【解析】A 考查了postpone.to.表示“把推迟到”之意的用法。句意：运动会因为下雨而被推迟了可能要推迟到下周。5.prohibit vt.禁止；阻止；使不可能Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.苏联时代的公民被禁止出国旅游。The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up
12、this sport.昂贵的设备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。求同存异prohibit，forbid，bann.&vt.“禁止；禁令”(=formal prohibition)，指合法地或由于社会压力而禁止，含谴责或不赞成的态度，通常搭配形式:ban.from sth./doing sth.banvt.“禁止；不准”(=forbid by authority)，指通过法律、法令、警告等作出禁止命令的正式规定或规则，通常搭配形式:prohibit sb.from sth./doing sth.prohibitvt.“禁止；不许”，普通用语，比prohibit通俗，用于较小事物，或个人、上级、官方、
13、长辈做出的禁止命令、规定，或客观条件不允许，通常搭配形式:forbid sb.to do sth.forbid用法比较探究练习用prohibit，forbid和ban的适当形式填空。(1)Smoking is _ in the park.(2)His parents _ him to surf the Internet.(3)Driving after wine is _ in the country.【答案】(1)banned (2)forbid (3)prohibited6.press n.新闻界；报界 vt.压；挤；逼迫The press always reports the impor
14、tant news.报界总是报道重要新闻。His body was pressing against his mother.他的身体紧贴着他妈妈。If pressed，he will admit that he knew about the affairs.如果逼问他，他就会承认对此事知道详情。知识梳理press for急切地要求(得到)；敦促(做某事)press forward 向前进逼；奋力推进press on加紧赶路；奋力前进；加紧进行press ones way奋力前进；向前挤at(the)press(=in press；come to the press)已付印；在印刷中be har
15、d pressed for money 拮据；手头很紧be pressed for time 时间紧迫go(come，send)to press 开始印刷off the press 已印好；已发行out of press 绝版探究练习The premier held a _ conference in the Great Hall of the People.A.pressure B.stressC.press D.pressing【解析】C 考查了press用作名词，表示“新闻界；报界”之意的用法。句意：总理在人民大会堂举行了新闻发布会。pressure是名词，表示“压力”之意；stress
16、是“压力；紧张”；pressing 是形容词，“紧迫的；逼迫的”之意。7.forsee vt.预见；预知The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen.损害程度是无法预见的。We could forsee that we would die if we couldnt reach land very soon.可以预见，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑。求同存异foresee，predict，forecast强调“预知；预见”；着重指宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确foresee强调“预报”；指通过分析一些相关的信息、数
17、据来预测。如天气预报等forecast指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可以用于各种不同的场合；所做出的推断或预言有一定的科学性predict点津提示foresee的过去式是foresaw；过去分词是foreseen。探究练习用foresee，forecast和predict的适当形式填空。(1)It is impossible to _ how life will work out.(2)Hurricane has been _ for tomorrow afternoon.(3)They _ great things for the boy.【答案】(1)foresee (2)f
18、orecast (3)predicted8.faith n.信心；信任；信念；宗教信仰I have great faith in her；she wont let me down.我对她很有信心，她不会让我失望的。How could he tell them the truth without breaking faith with the party?他怎么能不背弃对党的信仰而跟他们说明事实真相呢？知识梳理have/lose faith in 对有/失去信心in faith 的确；确实探究练习This is an experience which tests your endurance，p
19、atience and also your _ in your success.A.independence B.faithC.trust D.confidence【解析】B 考查了faith表示“信任；信念”之意的用法。句意：这是一次考验你的忍耐力、耐心和你对成功的信念的经历。independence是“独立”；trust是“信赖”；confidence是“信心”，均为干扰项。9.rob vt.使丧失；抢劫；盗取I was robbed of my watch.我的手表被抢走了。They robbed the bank of thousands of dollars.他们抢走了那家银行几千美
20、元。The accident robbed him of his health.那次事故使他丧失了健康。发散思维robber n.抢劫者robbery n.抢劫steal v.偷求同存异steal，robrob.of.抢走某人某物steal.from.从偷走点津提示rob的过去式和过去分词分别是robbed/robbed。探究练习The robber argued that he was forced to _ her of her money because some man _ all the money from him.A.rob；stole B.stole；rob C.rob；rob
21、 D.stole；stole【解析】A 考查了rob.of.表示“抢某人某物”和steal.from.表示“偷某人某物”的用法。句意：这个抢劫者说他是被迫去抢她的钱的因为某一个人把他的钱给偷去了。10.decline vt&vi.下降；拒绝；婉拒；谢绝 n.衰弱；减退；退步；减少The whole team declined to follow his order.整个队的成员都拒绝遵循他的指示。The town fell into a decline after the mine closed.这个镇在矿井关闭后开始衰落。Industry in Britain has been in dec
22、line since the 1970s.英国工业自从20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。求同存异decline，refuse，reject用于正式场合，如外交或商业条款之类，另外还有“抛弃；剔除”之意，后面接名词。reject表示“拒绝他人的请求或拒绝自己不想要的事物”，多用于 refuse sth.refuse to do sth.refuse sb.sth.的结构中refuse表示“婉言谢绝”；多用于decline sth.decline doing/to do sth.的结构中decline知识梳理decline to do sth.拒绝做某事on the decline 在衰退；在减
23、弱fall into a decline 陷入衰退中探究练习Hourly output by workers _ 1.3%in the first quarter.A.declined B.rejectedC.refused D.accepted【解析】A 考查动词辨析。句意：第一季度工人每小时的产量下降了1.3%。四个选项中只有decline可以译为“下降；减少”，符合句意。11.equip vt.配备；装备；使有所准备；使能够做They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.他们带上
24、两把利斧便朝森林走去。His evening study has equipped him for a career as a teacher.夜校的学习使他能担任教师的工作。We equip our children with a good education.我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。发散思维equipment n.装备；配备(不可数名词)知识梳理equip.with.用武装equip.for./to do.为了而准备be fully equipped 装备完善探究练习We want to _ our children _ some special skills，thus they ca
25、n live better in the future.A.prepare；for B.equip；with C.equip；for D.prepare；with【解析】B 考查了equip.with.表示“用装备”之意的用法。句意：我们想使我们的孩子具备一些特殊的技能，这样，他们会在将来生活地更好些。12.fortune n.机会；运气；命运；前途；财产marry a fortune和有钱的人结婚fortune hunter想与有钱人结婚的人；淘金者She can tell your fortune by examining your hands.通过给你看手相，她能够算出你的命运。发散思维
26、fortunate adj.幸运的知识梳理be in good/bad fortune 运气好(坏)by good fortune 幸好；由于幸运have a fortune 有财产have good/bad fortune 运气好(坏)have the fortune to do 幸而(做)if fortune favours 如果运气好make a fortune 发财致富make ones fortune 发财致富read/tell sb.s fortune 给某人算命seek ones fortune 找出路try ones fortune 碰运气点津提示fortune表示“运气”之意
27、时是不可数名词；表示“财产；前途”之意时是可数名词。探究练习He went to America to seek his _ and it turned out that his decision was wise and he is very wealthy now.A.fortunate B.luckyC.chance D.fortune【解析】D 考查了seek ones fortune表示“找出路”之意的用法。句意：他想到美国去找出路，而最后证明他的决定是明智的，他现在已经很富有了。其余选择项均为干扰项。F重点短语1.wipe out 彻底毁灭；根除；擦净The government
28、is trying to wipe out drug trafficking.政府竭力消除毒品买卖活动。The disease almost wiped out the population of the island.这种疾病几乎将全岛的人毁灭。He spent all the morning wiping out the bath.他花了一整个早晨的时间擦拭浴盆。知识拓展与wipe有关的其他短语：wipe away 擦去；揩去；消除wipe off 擦掉；除掉wipe out擦掉；擦净的内部；还清(欠款等)；消灭；杀死wipe up 擦净；擦掉；揩干；打败；消灭；歼灭2.at any ra
29、te无论如何；至少The medicine must arrive on time at any rate.不管怎么样药物必须按时到达。Well，thats one good piece of news at any rate.不管怎么说，这是个好消息。知识拓展与rate有关的其他短语：at this/that rate 这样/那样的话at the/a rate of.以的速度或比率；以的价格探究练习He said hell be coming tomorrow._，I think thats what he said.A.At any rate B.At any costC.In concl
30、usion D.In addition【解析】A 考查了at any rate表示“无论如何；至少”之意的用法。句意：他说他明天要来，至少，我认为他是这样说的。at any cost是“无论如何；不管以任何代价”；in conclusion是“总之”；in addition是“而且”，均为干扰项。F重点句型Many people doubted Armstrongs ability to become a top cyclist again but they need not have worried.很多人怀疑阿姆斯特朗再次成为顶级车手的能力，但他们本没有必要担心。句中need not ha
31、ve worried是表示对过去的虚拟，意为“过去本来没有必要担心”之意。I neednt have bought so much wine，for there were only two guests.我本来没有必要买这么多酒的，因为只有两个客人。You neednt have taken a taxi here，for it is near my house.你本来没有必要乘坐出租车的，因为离我家太近了。知识拓展“情态动词+have done”的用法must have done过去一定做了某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事could have done 可能做过
32、某事；本来可以做某事而没有做may/might have done可能做过某事should/ought to have done本来应该做某事而事实上并未做neednt have done本来不必要做而做了某事探究练习You _ the meeting to tell me that.You could have come up to me afterwards.A.should have interrupted B.neednt have interruptedC.ought to interrupt D.mustnt interrupt【解析】B 本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，排除C、
33、D两项；根据第二句的意思可知，前一句表示“你没必要打断会议告诉我那件事”，故B项正确。随堂基础闯关随堂基础闯关.单项填空1.I didnt like the soap opera at first，but when I started watching one，I immediately became _ it.A.accustomed toB.addicted toC.opposed to D.allergic to答案 B解析 句意：一开始我不喜欢肥皂剧，但是当我开始看的时候，我立刻就被吸引住了。be accustomed to“习惯于”；be addicted to“迷上；上瘾”；be
34、opposed to“反对；与对立”；be allergic to“对过敏”。2.The old lady came to the police station and claimed _ of her purse when she was shopping.A.to be robbed B.to be robbingC.to rob D.to have been robbed答案 D解析 考查rob的用法。句意：这位老妇人来到警局，声称在购物时钱包被抢了。rob sb.of sth.“抢某人某物”，the old lady与rob之间存在逻辑动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式，且被抢动作发生在cl
35、aim(宣称)之前，故用不定式的完成被动式，D项正确。3.Nobody can _ his rude behavior，and thats why he has no friend.A.accustom B.understandC.cover D.tolerate答案 D解析 句意：没有人能容忍他的粗鲁行为，所以他没有朋友。tolerate“容忍；忍受”；accustom“使习惯于”；understand“理解”；cover“覆盖”。4.He told us that he was going to Beijing to _ his fortune.A.seek B.researchC.gat
36、her D.produce答案 A解析 句意:他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。seek ones fortune“发财致富；碰运气”。符合句意要求。5.The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children.A.consider B.supportC.confirm D.submit答案 B解析 考查动词辨析。句意：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。consider“考虑；思考；认为”；support“支持；拥护；维持”；confirm“证实；确认”；su
37、bmit“使屈服；使接受”。6.Does the common man _ the idea of political union between European countries?A.object B.opposeC.be for D.be against答案 B解析 句意：一般人是不是反对欧洲国家之间的政治联盟的想法呢?be for“支持”；be against“反对”，句中由助动词does提问，故不能选。object to“反对”；oppose sth.“反对”。故应选B。.短语应用1.I would like to work in a more relaxed environmen
38、t，but _ I enjoy the work Im doing at present.A.in other words B.on the other handC.at all costs D.as a result答案 B解析 句意：我想在一个更加宽松的环境里工作，但另一方面我也很喜欢目前做的工作。on the other hand“另一方面”，尤其用来引出对立的观点、思想等；in other words“换句话说”；at all costs“无论如何”；as a result“结果”。2._，we wont finish the work by the end of this month
39、.A.At any rate B.At a rateC.At this rate D.At the rate答案 A解析 句意：无论如何这个月末我们完不成工作。at any rate“无论如何；至少”；at this rate“照这种情形”。3.At last she wiped _ the jar and filled it with clean water.A.off B.upC.out D.away答案 C解析 考查wipe短语。句意：最终她擦净了罐子的内部，并把它装满了干净的水。wipe out“擦净的内部”；wipe.off“擦掉”；wipe.up“擦净(液体等)”；wipe.awa
40、y“擦去(眼泪等)”。.单词拼写1.Heart is often compared to a p _.2.The little boy was a _ in the picture book.3.He s _ an egg without chewing.4.After eating so much，we need a walk to d _.5.It worried us that the number of endangered animals was still on the d _.6._(告知)of the meeting，he hurried into the meeting ro
41、om.7.Having _(戒掉)smoking for 3 months，he looks much healthier.8.After the _(爆发)of SARS，much attention was given by the government.9.Its necessary to build some _(防御)works along the border.10.The _(严峻的)situation caused a panic in the city.答案 1.pump 2.absorbed 3.swallowed 4.digest 5.decrease/decline 6
42、.Informed 7.quitted 8.outbreak 9.defence 10.severe.用方框中所给出的短语补全下列的句子in despair;be aware of;focus on;as early as;highly populated;return to normal;be lost to;give up;as a whole;be diagnosed as1.Few people with brain injury can _ and live a life as before.2.In _ areas，pollution is especially severe.3.
43、In Europe，one half of the population _ the Black Death.4.Epidemics are described in his topical accounts _ 430 BC.5.The doctor advised my brother to _ smoking as soon as possible.6.In Western Medicine，treatment is only _ the part of the body that is ill.7.Chinese Medicine treats the body _.8.The gov
44、ernment warned the people to _ the spread of Bird Flu.9.Armstrong _ having lung cancer.10.After the failure of the operation，she cried _.答案 1.return to normal 2.highly populated 3.was lost to4.as early as 5.give up 6.focused on 7.as a whole 8.be aware of 9.was diagnosed as 10.in despair.完成句子1.If I h
45、ad stopped smoking 10 years ago，_(我今天会健康许多).2.The book _(我以为丢了)was just under my bed.3._(SARS 被认为是最具危害性的传染病)in recent years.4.Some virus have been around since _(地球上生命的开始).5.Most people_(没有这种疾病的天然防御力).6.We should work together to _(消灭这种病毒).答案1.I would be much healthier today2.I thought I had lost3.SARS was believed to be the most harmful epidemic4.the beginning of life on earth5.have no natural defences against the disease6.stop the virus in its tracks
