1、高考真题熟词生义大荟萃一词多义的现象普遍存在，一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的含义。学生对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义，或者一些多义词在文章中的合适含义，往往较难把握，因此造成阅读困难甚至理解偏差。1. pick up【真题原文】Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here topick upa wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】pick up常用词义为“捡起，（用车）接人
2、”。本句中的pick up后接两个并列的宾语“a wonderful science activity”和“souvenir”。“pick up”与“a wonderful science activity”搭配时可理解为“to join in, to participate（参加）”；与“a wonderful souvenir”搭配时则意为“to buy sth. （挑选/购买）”。【参考译文】不要忘记到太平洋科学中心商场停留一下，在这里你可以参加一个精彩的科学活动和选购一件精美的纪念品，以纪念你的到访。2. feed【真题原文】Our exhibits willfeedyour mind
3、, but what about your body? (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】feed常见词义为“喂养，饲养”，本句中的feed则理解为“to satisfy a need, desire, ect. and keep it strong(满足)”。【参考翻译】我们的展品可以使你的心灵充实，但你的身体呢？3. special【真题原文】Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonalspecials. (2017全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】special常用作
4、形容词，意为“特别的”。在本句中，special用作名词，意为“a dish that is not normally available or is made for a particular purpose（特色菜）”。【参考译文】除了季节性的特色菜，我们的咖啡馆还供应菜式齐全的午餐和零食，任君选择。4. work【真题原文】Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when itworks, it is simp
5、ly beautiful. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】work常用意思为“工作”，此句中的work理解为“to be effective or successful（有效；成功）”。【参考译文】试图去帮助受伤的、流离失所的或者病弱的动物可能是令人心碎的；（能否）活下来是不确定的。但是，当成功活下来时，活着就是很美好的。5. carrier【真题原文】When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrierfor safety. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】c
6、arrier常见意为“运输工具，运送者”，此句中的carrier理解为“a temporary shelter or a rough nest（临时庇护处或简易的窝）”。【参考译文】当我到达时，我看到一只两三周大的猫头鹰。为安全起见，它已经被安置到一个临时庇护处了。6. anchor【真题原文】My next work was to construct a nest andanchorit in a tree. (2017全国I卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】anchor常见词义为“n. 锚；v. 抛锚”。本句的anchor意为“to make something or someone stay in
7、 one position by fastening him, her, or it firmly（把固定）”。【参考译文】我的下一步工作就是建一个鸟巢，并把它安放在一棵树上。【小试牛刀】我们用绳子把自己固定在岩石上。We _ ourselves to the rocks with a rope.7. rest【真题原文】Then lay the tube in place so that one endrestsall the way in the cup and therestof the line runs upand outthe side of the hole. (2017全国I卷
8、阅读D篇)【词义解释】rest常用含义为“v. & n.休息”，本句中出现了两个rest，第一个rest为动词，意为“to lie or lean on something（躺；倚；靠）”；第二个rest为名词，意为“the other parts that remain or that have not been mentioned（剩余部分）”。【参考译文】接着把管子放在恰当的位置，使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的剩余部分向上延伸到坑的外部。8. production【真题原文】The companysproductionsshow the new face of 21st cent
9、ury Chinese theatre. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】production常用词义为“生产；产量”，此句中意为“a play, opera, or other show that is performed in a theatre（演出）”。【参考译文】这家公司的演出展示了21世纪中国剧院的新面貌。9. stand up【真题原文】 When the studio didnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul hestood upfor me. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)
10、【词义解释】stand up常见含义是“站起来”，本句的stand up意为“to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked（支持，维护）”。【参考译文】 当制片方不想要我拍这部电影时他们想要像保罗那样出名的人他维护了我。10. dig【真题原文】We were respectful of craft（技艺）and focused ondigginginto the characters we were going to play. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)【词义
11、解释】dig常用含义是“挖掘，戳入”，本句dig含义为“to study something very carefully in order to discover or check facts（刻苦钻研）”，dig into为固定搭配，意为“探究，钻研”。【参考译文】事实上, 我们的车间刚刚开始研究这个问题.11. deal【真题原文】Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what thedeal was, and we didnt talk about it. (2017全国II卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】 deal常用
12、含义为“v. 处理；n. 买卖，大量”，本句的deal意为“bad fortune or unfair treatment（坏运气；不公平的对待）”。【参考译文】他一直进出医院。他和我都知道这种霉运意味着什么，然后我们都不谈论这种事。12. put down【真题原文】Around 100 people have alreadyput downa $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the
13、Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. (2017全国II卷阅读C篇)【词义解释】put down常见意思是“写下，记录”，本句的put down意为“ to pay part of the price of something, and to pay the rest later（付定金）”。【参考译文】为买到一辆Transition飞行车，大约有100人已经支付了10000美元的定金，并且在Terrafugia公司后来的本周纽约汽车展上推介这款车之后，人数很可能会上升。13. sit【真题原文】
14、When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesntsitquietly. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】sit常用含义是“坐”，本句的sit意为“to remain in the same place or situation and do not take any action, usually waiting for something to happen（无动于衷；坐以待毙；静观其变）”。【参考译文】当一种多叶植物遭到袭击，它不会静静地坐以待毙。14. complex【真题原文】Bradford sold the building an
15、d land to a local development film, which plans a shoppingcomplexon the land where the theater is located. (2017全国III卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】complex常用作形容词，意为“复杂的”；本句的complex为名词，意为“A complex is a group of buildings designed for a particular purpose, or one large building divided into several smaller areas.（综合大楼）
16、”。【参考译文】Bradford把这栋楼和这块地卖给了当地的一个开发公司，这家公司计划在这家剧院所在的这块土地上建一栋综合购物大楼。15. duty【真题原文】But others do doubleduty.(2017全国II卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】duty常用含义是“职责，责任，义务”，此句的duty意为“function（作用，用途）”。【参考译文】但是另一些则起着双重作用。16. design【真题原文】They pump out perfumesdesignedto attract different insects who are natural enemies to the at
17、tackers. (2017全国II卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】design常用含义是“设计”，此句的design意为“to intend, to attempt（意图）”。【参考译文】它们散发出香味是为了吸引不同的昆虫，而这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌。17. average【真题原文】Freddy was anaveragestudent, but not anaverageperson. (2017全国II卷完形填空)【词义解释】average常用含义是“平均的”，本句中的两处average均意为“usual or normal, neither very good nor very bad（普通的
18、，不好不差的）”。【参考译文】弗雷迪是个成绩平平的学生，却是一个不寻常的人。18. update【真题原文】Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide updateson old classmates. (2017全国II卷完形填空)【词义解释】 update常见词义为“更新；使升级”，本句的update意为“a news item containing the latest information about a particular situation（最新消息）”。【参考译文】这几年，我会偶遇到以前的学
19、生，他们会向我透露他们老同学的最新情况。19. allow【真题原文】It ran for just under seven kilometers andallowedpeople to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. (2017全国II卷语法填空)【词义解释】 allow常见词义为“允许”，本句的allow意为“enable; to creates the opportunity for sth. to happen（使能够，促使）”。【参考译文】它(地铁)在地下延伸七公
20、里，并使得人们在上下班时可以避开地面公路的严重的拥堵。20. delicious【真题原文】Thisdelicioustour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. (2017全国III卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】delicious常用词义为“美味的”，此句中意为“pleasant or interesting（怡人的，有趣的，好玩的）”。【参考译文】这条好玩的旅游线路穿越这座城市到达金银岛，在那里我们将在著名的SF酒厂停留。21. monito
21、r / pack【真题原文】The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefullymonitorsand manages the wolfpacksin Yellowstone. (2017全国III卷阅读C篇)【词义解释】monitor常见的词义为“n. 班长”，此句中意为“to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it（v. 监控，监视）”。pack常用词义为“n. 包，包装，v. 打包装”，此句中意为
22、“a group of animals that live and/or hunt together（n. 一群动物）”。【参考译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务处认真监控和管理黄石公园的狼群。22. about【真题原文】For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out andaboutwithout having to
23、rely on others. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】about常用词义为“大约，关于”，此句中意为“in many different directions（四处，到处）”。【参考译文】对于许多老年人来说，特别是那些独居或住在乡间的老年人，驾车（外出）对于他们保持独立生活是非常重要的，这也给了他们出行而不用依赖他人的自由。23. address【真题原文】The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how w
24、e might use technology toaddressthese problems. (2017全国III卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】address常用词义为“地址”，此句中意为“to deal with a matter or problem（处理）”。【参考译文】DriveLAB正在帮助我们搞明白老年驾驶员的关键点和困难所在，以及我们如何使用科技去解决这些问题。24. constant / fine【真题原文】For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else b
25、ut surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at aconstantspeed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of gettingfined. (2017全国III卷阅读D篇)【词义解释】 constant，熟悉的词义为“经常的；连续不断的”，本句的constant意为“staying the same, or not getting less or more（恒久不变的；稳定的）”。 fine熟悉的词义
26、为“adj. 好的，健康的，晴朗的”，此句中意为“to charge someone an amount of money as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law（v. 罚款）”。【参考译文】例如，我们大多数人都会希望老年人总是比其他每一个人都开得慢一点，但是我们惊讶地发现，在限速30公里时速路段，他们吃力地保持平稳的速度，同时他们更可能会超过限制速度而有被罚款的风险。25. life【真题原文】She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full oflife. (2017全国I
27、II卷语法填空)【词义解释】life常用词义为“生命，生活”，此句中意为“energy or enthusiasm（活力，热情）”。【参考译文】她看起来和其他女生没有两样，又年轻又充满活力。26. offer【真题原文】My dad thinks I should take theoffernow (2017全国III卷语法填空)【词义解释】offer常用词义为“提供，提出”，此句中意为“invitation（邀请）”。【参考译文】我父亲认为现在我应该接受这个邀请。27. kick off【真题原文】It lasted for more than a year andkicked offthe
28、 civil-rights movement. (2016 全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】kick off 常见的意思为“踢开，踢掉”，在本句中的意思为“ If a meeting, event, or a football game kicks off, it starts (会议，活动)开始”。【参考翻译】这项运动持续了一年多，并拉开了美国民权运动的序幕。28. land【真题原文】Her simple actlandedParks in prison.(2016 全国I卷阅读A篇)【词义解释】land常见的意思为“陆地；着陆”，在本句中为动词，意为“ to cause someone t
29、o be in a difficult situation 使（某人）陷入困境”。搭配：land sb. in prison/trouble/hospital/court(使某人入狱/陷入困境/住院/卷入官司)。【参考翻译】她简单的举动致使帕尔克斯入狱。29. raise【真题原文】We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when youreraisingchildren.(2016 全国I卷阅读B篇)【词义解释】raise常见的意思为“举起，升起，提高
30、”，在本句中意为“to look after your children and help them grow抚养，养育”。【参考翻译】我们现在意识到家庭是那么重要，有父母在身旁是那么重要，尤其是在你养育孩子的时候。30. harvest【真题原文】In all, from the time the stem cells areharvestedfrom a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. (2016 全国I卷阅读C篇)【词义解释】harvest常见
31、的意思是“收获；收割”，在本句中的意思为“to take cells or other body parts from someone for medical use采集”。【参考翻译】总共，自干细胞从捐献者身上采集到它们被移植入病人体内，我们最多有72个小时。31.drop【真题原文】So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient please, please, youve got to get
32、 me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. (2016 全国I卷阅读C篇)【词义解释】drop常见的意思是“落下，(使)下降”，在本句中的意思为“to stop doing or discussing
33、 sth.; to not continue with sth.停止；终止；放弃”。【参考翻译】她直接放弃/停止了所有的事情。32.still【真题原文】 They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explore. (2016 全国I卷完形填空)【词义解释】still常作为副词，意为“仍然，依旧”，在本句中still为形容词，意思为“ staying in the same position; not moving 静止的；不动的
34、，安静的”。sit/stand/stay still 意为“坐着站着静着不动”。【参考翻译】他们告诉她待在那里不要动，等紧急救援人员到来，但是她认为这辆车快要爆炸了。33. call【真题原文】One thing is certain Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! (2016 全国I卷完形填空)【词义解释】call既可作为名词，也可作为动词，意为“打电话，呼叫”，在本句中call为名词，意思为“ request/demand请求，要求”。【参考翻译
35、】有一件事是确定无疑的，那就是拉里靠近正在燃烧的车辆(救火)的做法远超越他的职责要求。34. switch【真题原文】The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mum she never suspects.(2016 全国I卷语法填空)【词义解释】switch常见的意思为“开关，转换”，在本句中switch为动词，意思为“ replace one thing with another, or excha
36、nge things交换; 调换”。【参考翻译】(熊猫)保育队每隔几天就把他和他的双胞胎姐姐进行交换，这样当一只熊猫宝宝被人工饲养的时候，另外一只则由熊猫妈妈照顾她从未怀疑过。35. live【真题原文】Were bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. (2016 全国I卷阅读理解A篇)【词义解释】live作为动词，常见的意思为“居住，活着”，作为形容词时，常见的意思为“活的”，在本句中live为形容词，意思为“ (of a performance表演) given or mad
37、e when people are watching, not recorded现场演出的”。【参考翻译】我们将会带上你去参加一个晚会，那有来自当地最棒的乐团的现场演出的摇滚乐和流行音乐表演。36. book【真题原文】 Book early to get a table. (2016 全国卷阅读理解A篇) Admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book. (2015 全国I卷阅读理解A篇)【词义解释】book常用作名词，意为“书”，book在本句中为动词，意思为“to arrange to have a hotel room
38、or a ticket etc. or use it at a particular time订，预订（旅馆房间、票等）”。【参考翻译】 (你需要)提前预定才能订上座位。 入场费按正常收费，你不需要预定。37. shoot【真题原文】In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.(2016 全国卷阅读理解D篇)【词义解释】shoot
39、常见的意思为“射击”，在本句中shoot的意思为“to make a film/movie or photograph of something拍摄；摄影”。【参考翻译】事实上，这些照片是在1914年到1916年之间被拍摄出来的，其中的大部分照片都经历了一次毁灭性的海难，而这些拍摄者没有合情理的生还的可能。38.respectapproach【真题原文】It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approac
40、h the gardening process. (2016 全国卷阅读七选五)【词义解释】respect既可作为名词，也可用作动词，常见的意思为“尊重，尊敬”，在本句中为with respect to固定搭配，意为“concerning关于；就而言”；approach常见的意思为“接近，靠近”，在本句中approach意为“to begin to deal with a situation or problem in a particular way or with a particular attitude(以某种方式或态度)对付，处理”。【参考翻译】它始于窥探自己的内心，弄明白就自然世界
41、而言你是谁，并且你要知道如何处理园艺工作流程。39. matter【真题原文】Its our experience of the garden that mattershow being in those gardens made us feel. (2016 全国卷阅读七选五)【词义解释】matter常见作为名词，意为“问题，事情”，在本句中为matter为动词，意为“to be important or have an important effect on sb. / sth. 事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”。【参考翻译】我们对于花园的体验才是最重要的在花园里会使我们产生怎样的感觉。40.
42、 figure【真题原文】 Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. (2016 全国卷完形填空) Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. (2016 全国卷阅读理解B篇) Your house may have an effect on your figure. (2015 全国卷阅读理解B篇)【词义解释
43、】figure常见作为名词，意为“数字；画像；图表”，在第一个例句中为figure out固定搭配，意为“to finally understand something or someone, or find the solution to a problem after a lot of thought 弄懂；弄明白；想出”；在第二和第三个例句中，figure意为“the shape of a body体形，身材”。【参考翻译】 坐回到车里，在直奔去机场的路上，我终于想明白了。 韦尔蒂坐在沙发上，身材纤瘦，穿着朴素的灰白色衣服，很高兴地解释着。 你的房子或许会对你的体形产生影响。41. se
44、ason【真题原文】 The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. (2016 全国卷阅读理解A篇) First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调味). (2016 全国卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】 season常见作为名词，意为“季节”，在第一个例句中season为名词，意为“ a period when a set of programmes, plays or musical eve
45、nts are broadcast or performed （一组节目、戏剧或音乐活动的）播出期，上演期；演出季”；在第二个例句中season为动词，意为“If you season food with salt, pepper, or spices, you add them to it in order to improve its flavour. 给调味;加味于”。【参考翻译】 上演期从六月到八月，在三月和九月有额外表演。 首先，将鱼清理干净，并用相应的调料将其调味。42. review【真题原文】Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communi
46、cation e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. (2016 全国卷阅读理解D篇)【词义解释】review常见作为动词，意为“回顾，反思”，在本句中review为名词，意为“a report in a newspaper, magazine, or programme
47、 that gives an opinion about a new book, film, etc 评论”。【参考翻译】研究者们分析了口碑传播方式电子邮件、帖子、评论及面对面的交谈发现它更倾向于积极而不是消极，但这并不一定意味着人们更喜欢积极的消息。43. serve【真题原文】Then, its ready to serve. (2016 全国卷阅读理解七选五)【词义解释】serve常见作为动词，意为“招待（顾客等）,服务”，在本句中serve意为“offer (food, drinks, a meal, ect.) for eating and drinking提供、端上(饭菜，食物）”。【参考翻译】然后，现在准备上菜了。44. last【真题原文】 Im sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (2016 全国III卷完形填空) Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. (2015 全国卷阅读理解B篇)【词义解释】last 为形容词，常见的意思是
