1、2020版3年高考2年模拟（二轮）专有资源阅读理解C专练5篇Passage 1(2017江苏,C)A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the gian
2、ts(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to
3、live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The interne
4、t has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:translation and visual recognition, to
5、be sold to other companies. Internet companies control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“Gods eye view”of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not
6、stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for exa
7、mple, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, es
8、pecially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information
9、 they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments dont want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a
10、 call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data market.B.They collect enormous private data.C.They no longer provide free services.D.They dismissed some new-born giants.2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants technology is very expensive.B.Googles idea
11、 is popular among data firms.C.Data can strengthen giants controlling position.D.Data can be turned into new services or products.3.By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could . A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the
12、purpose of loosening the giants control of data?A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,还成就了一些通过数据发财的
13、商业巨头。为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府需要采取行动。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation”可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。3.B细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。Passage 2(2018江苏,C)If you want to disturb the car industry, youd better have a few billion dolla
14、rs:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems (生态系统), small farmers can keep one
15、 step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just
16、a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per houra huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by handsuddenly making it possible fo
17、r the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldnt touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.The sustainable success
18、 of small farmers, though, wont happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning ones own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land va
19、lues doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenshipthe greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering (多于) farmers young
20、er than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nations farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nations food.There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them t
21、ogether before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be d
22、ebated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.1.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .A.the progress made in car industryB.a special feature of agricultureC.a trend of development in agricultureD.the importance of investing in car industr
23、y2.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.3.What is the difficul
24、ty for those new farmers?A.To gain more financial aid.B.To hire good farm managers.C.To have farms of their own.D.To win old farmers support.4.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?A.Seek support beyond NYFC.B.Expand farmland conservation.C.Become members of NYFC.D.Inve
25、st more to improve technology.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。小规模农场主通过自身对行业的快速反应、使用快速收割机等手段在效率方面也不输于大规模农场主。但是现在的农业也面临一些困难,为了有一个更可持续的、更公平的农业经济局面,美国青年农会要获得更多的支持。1.B细节理解题。题干意思是:作者在文章开头提到汽车行业是为了引出。根据第一段可知,作者提及汽车行业是为了引出农业的特点,故选B。2.D推理判断题。题干意思是:在第二段通过举例作者想说明什么?由第二段内容可知,作者举例说明了在使用快速收割工具前后,小规模耕作生产效率的变化。故选D。3.C细节理解题。题干意思是:对于
26、新一代农民来说他们的困难是什么?根据第三段第二句话“一个重要因素就是确保土地的利用。”和第四段第一句话“对于超过一百万的最有资质的农民和经理的又一个挑战就是没有公民渠道建设自己的农场的最大障碍。”可知,应该选C项。4.A细节理解题。根据题干关键词“a more sustainable and fair farm economy(一个更可持续、更公平的农场经济)”可把答案定位在最后一段。文章第一段最后一句说明了美国青年农会(NYFC)的功能,最后一段第二句话中的“当我们督促议会去加强农耕地保护的同时,我们需要更广泛的支持”可知答案应该选A。Passage 3(2015江苏,C)Suppose y
27、ou become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities.To do so,it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer
28、.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not
29、 wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these program
30、s can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because its important to me”)to an external factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because Im required to do so”).When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility
31、when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance,one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida ove
32、r a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.The researchers note that attention should be given t
33、o“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an imp
34、ortant social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as“Volunteering in Hos
35、pital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers expectations,they found a positive correlation(正相关)between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to concrete advice:“Once an individual begins volunteeri
36、ng,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity. Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.1.People volunteer mainly out of. A.academic requirementsB.social expectationsC.financial rewardsD.
37、internal needs2.What can we learn from the Florida study?A.Follow-up studies should last for one year.B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C.Strategy training is a must in research.D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.3.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work
38、?A.Individual differences in role identity.B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C.Role identity as a volunteer.D.Practical advice from researchers.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.How to Get People to VolunteerB.How to Study Volunteer BehaviorsC.How to Keep Volunteers InterestD.How to
39、 Organize Volunteer Activities答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,内容是分析影响志愿者参与志愿者活动并坚持下去的原因。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知,人们做志愿者主要是出于内在(internal)需求。2.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段的内容可知志愿者“必须做好心理上的准备”,故选B。3.C推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句可知最有可能激励志愿者继续工作的是role identity。4.A主旨大意题。本文分析了人们参与并坚持志愿者活动的原因,所以“如何让人们参与志愿者活动”是最好的标题,故选A。Passage 4(2016江苏,C)El Nio,
40、 a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow b
41、ack eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy
42、grow by$15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east
43、 Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe. But su
44、ch Nios come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and re
45、building afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad
46、 stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not
47、 be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the prio
48、rity.1.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragrap
