1、2020版3年高考2年模拟（二轮）专有资源阅读理解D专练5篇Passage 1(2017江苏,D)Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge o
2、f adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set
3、of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no one-size fits all adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor c
4、ountries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other
5、 communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even m
6、ore astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it
7、 can damage crops. Norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such i
8、ce reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphels ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adap
9、ting.Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses ha
10、ve decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in
11、 the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land i
12、n western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like thiseither by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differen
13、tly. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the c
14、hanging climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A.a
15、daptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwans project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each othe
16、r.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the
17、 glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author, polluting industries should .A.adapt to car
18、bon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.Whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为环境问题
19、类。话题为“老问题,新方法”适应我们所面临的严峻的气候环境,而且要意识到环境的改变和适应环境是一个过程。1.A语义猜测题。根据第二段主题句 When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process. 可知气候的改变是一个不断变化的过程。再结合后面几段给出的事例可知,适应也是一个不断变化的过程,由此可推断出画线部分意为adaptation is an ever-changing process,故答案为A项。2.C推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Mohammed Rezwan
20、saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.及后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用糟糕的环境,故正确答案为C项。本题干扰项为D项,由第三段第五句Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace flooded roads and highways.可知D项错误。3.A细节理解题。根据第四段第六句He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.可知
21、A项正确。4.D推理判断题。根据第六段首句In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.可推断出答案为D。5.D观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的When the polluting in
22、dustries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.可推知D项为正确答案。6.B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon polluti
23、on.可知最明智的适应应该是改变我们的能量体系以减少碳排放污染,故B项正确。Passage 2(2018江苏,D)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some
24、 change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Childrens Commissioner (专员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary scho
25、ol ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friendsand friends of fr
26、iendsto demand “likes” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the
27、10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealisti
28、c lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.She said:“Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremen
29、dous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themsel
30、ves”.Miss Longfield added:“Then there is this push to connectif you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you dont care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with e
31、motionally.”The Childrens Commissioner for Englands studyLife in Likesfound that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the researchinvolving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly
32、 anxious online.By the time they started secondary schoolat age 11children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incomp
33、etence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人) or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the dayespecially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.The Childrens Commissioner said schoo
34、ls and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield (雷区) they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their we
35、bsites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of childrens charity Barnardos, said:“Its vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”“Its also hugely important for parents t
36、o know which apps their children are using.”1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.2
37、.Some social app companies were to blame because .A.they didnt adequately check their users registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract more youngstersC.they encouraged youngsters to post more photosD.they didnt stop youngsters from staying up late3.Childrens comparing themselves to others o
38、nline may lead to .A.less friendliness to each otherB.lower self-identity and confidenceC.an increase in online cheatingD.a stronger desire to stay online4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .A.circulate their posts quicklyB.know the qualities of their postsC.u
39、se mobile phones for playD.get more public approval5.What should parents do to solve the problem?A.Communicate more with secondary schools.B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.C.Keep track of childrens use of social media.D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.6.What does the passage m
40、ainly talk about?A.The influence of social media on children.B.The importance of social media to children.C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.答案语篇解读研究发现,青少年变得依赖社交媒体来找到自我价值。他们中很多人都以网上的点赞量来衡量自己的地位,这在很多方面带来了不利影响。因此家长、学校和媒体应该肩负起更多的责任。1.B推理判断题。
41、题干句意:为什么一些中学生们感到压力巨大?根据第三段第二句可知,社交媒体公司使孩子们在情感方面面临危险,因为这些开始上中学的年轻人并未做好准备去应对网络带来的巨大压力。由此可知B项与文章内容一致,意为“他们并没有为情感方面的危险做好充分准备”。2.A推理判断题。题干句意:一些社交应用程序公司应该受到谴责,因为。根据第四段可知,尽管有些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少满13岁,但是这些应用程序还是受到孩子们的欢迎。由此可见,社交应用程序公司并没有充分检查用户的注册,故A项符合文章内容。3.B细节理解题。题干句意:孩子们与他人在网上进行比较可能导致。根据第九段可知,随着孩子交际圈的扩大,他们会与他人在
42、网上进行比较,这会严重损害他们的自我认同、自信心以及发展自我的能力,由此可见B项符合文章内容。4.D推理判断题。题干句意:根据Life in Likes,随着孩子们的成长,他们变得更加渴望。根据第十一、十二和十三段可知,这项研究发现8岁的孩子利用社交媒体平台主要是为了玩儿,而到10岁左右时,他们上网就开始变得焦虑了,到了11岁时,他们更加关注自己的网络形象,他们要确保自己发布的内容受到别人欢迎。由此判断,随着孩子的成长,他们上网更加渴望得到他人的赞同。5.C推理判断题。题干句意:要解决这个问题,家长应该做什么?由倒数第一段可知C项“跟踪孩子们对社交媒体的使用”符合题意。故选C。6.A主旨大意题
43、。通读全文可概括得知,文章主要介绍了一项研究发现:随着孩子们的成长,社交媒体给他们带来了不利影响,故A项符合文章主旨,意为“社交媒体对孩子们的影响”。Passage 3(2015江苏,D)Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2,500 years ago Greec
44、e discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies,one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece,in Athens(雅典),a little city in a little country,there were no helpless masse
45、s.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed,and the unwritten,which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The
46、 Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens,not beca
47、use it was forced on him from the outside,but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering
48、computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it,and work for it,it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance,a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenians pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men givi
