1、瑞鑫点教教研院制作Part IVUnit1 Science and ScientistUsing LanguageTalk about scientific experiences What makes great scientists 配套教材：配套教材：人民教育出版社人民教育出版社普通高中教科书普通高中教科书 选择性必修第二册选择性必修第二册第一单元：科学与科学家第一单元：科学与科学家第四课时第四课时:语言运用语言运用听说：探究科学听说：探究科学阅读：解析伟大科学家阅读：解析伟大科学家 Talking about scientific experiences common characte
2、risticscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveco-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic What makes great scientists?What makes great scientists?Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on Chinas aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with“gr
3、eat scientific thought and scientific spirit”who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort,achievement and devotion.Qian was an extremely well-respected man.While reading the passage,find WORDS that describe the personalities of Qian Xuesen.How does the story of Qian Xuesen help illustrate t
4、hese personalities?Qian XuesenWORDSILLUSTRATIONPassage 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森Born in Hangzhou in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian mad
5、e the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s,Qian became a pioneer in American jet and roc
6、ket technology.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s,Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion,and in the 1940s,he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,now one of NASAs leading space-exploration centres.Passag
7、e 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森Did Qian change his major because of a shift in personal interest?What will you do if there is a contradiction(矛盾)between your ideal major and real life?NASA,美国国家航空航天局,是目前世界上最权威的航空航天科研机构，与许多国内及国际上的科研机构分享其研究数据。After overcoming some difficulties during his f
8、inal few years in the US,Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.Passage 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父 钱学森At that time,China was poor and its roc
9、ket science was undeveloped.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major,and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless,Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.When asked Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?,his reply was
10、 a determined“Why not?We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.Qian Xuesens family,the photo was taken before his returning to China in 1955.Passage 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森Under Qians leadership,China developed the Dongfeng missiles,followed by the first
11、generation of Long March rockets.In 1970,China successfully launched its first man-made satellite,Dong Fang Hong I,from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qians research,Qian earned the name of the father of Chinas aerospace.Qian
12、 read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable,especially in the area of frontier science research.However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspirat
13、ion in his scientific research.On 31 October 2009,the whole country was saddened by Qians death,and people honoured and remembered him in different ways.Passage 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森 Qian Xuesens statue in Xian JiaoTong UniversityWrite a personal profile about Qian Xuesen accord
14、ing to the information from the passageQian XuesenBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievementsPersonalitiesQian Xuesen denied Americans citizenship and returned to China in 1955.I do not plan to come back,declared Qian.I have no reason to come back.I plan to do my best to help the Chinese people build
15、 up the nation where they can live with dignity and happiness.He obeyed the promise until his death.（编者的话）（编者的话）Passage 1 The Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森Qian Xuesens personal profileBirth&DeathEducationExperienceAchievements Personalities from 1911 to 31st October 2009 an extremely well-res
16、pected manpatriotic:serve his homeland with effortknowledgeable1.Attended schools in Beijing2.Then Shanghai Jiao Tong University3.in 1932 switched his major to aviation4.in 1935 went to the United Statesa man with great scientific thought and scientific spirit1.over the course of the 1930s and 1940s
17、,he became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.2.As a graduate assistant,he helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion.3.in the 1940s,founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.4.in 1955,he returned to China.China developed the Dongfeng missiles;the first generation of Long Marc
18、h rockets;China successfully launched its first man-made satellite,Dong Fang Hong I,from a Long March rocket.Why was Qian called the father of Chinas aerospace?Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can be traced back to Qians research.Qian earned the name of the father of Chinas
19、 aerospace”.Qian Xuesens life spanned almost a century.In that time China grew from a“Sick Man of East Asia”to a superpower on Earth and in space.Qian was part of that transformation.But his story could have been a great American one too where talent,wherever it is found,could thrive.BBCDeporting Qi
20、an was the stupidest thing this country ever did.He was no more a Communist than I was,and we forced him to go.”Navy Secretary Dan KimballThe whole story of American science is that it is propelled by people coming from outside but in these conservative times thats a story that becomes harder to cel
21、ebrate.Many Chinese Americans and Chinese students in the US,do know about him,and why he had to leave,and they see the parallels with the present day.In 2020,US China relations have got so much worse.They know they could be under the same suspicions as Qians generation.Over half a century passed,ho
22、wever,when referred as a scientist from a rival country,Qian gets quite high appreciation from the scholars and officials from western countries.Extensive ReadingThe Father of Chinas Aerospace 中国航天之父钱学森【词汇】break out(战争、打斗等不快的事情)突然开始；爆发I was still living in London when the war broke out.战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦
23、。A terrible fire broke out in the building last night.昨晚大楼里发生了大火。【拓展】break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into强行闯入；突然起来break away from脱离；挣脱break up打碎；分裂；解体break through突破重点句型1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because
24、he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而,在1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森做出了将自己的专业转向航空的决定，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。【提示】break in和break into都有“闯入”的意思。break in为不及物动词短语，后不跟宾语；break into为及物动词短语，后可以跟宾语。【词汇】defend vt.保卫;防御The killer insisted that he was just defending
25、 himself when attacked.凶手坚持说当受到攻击时他只是在进行自卫。The union said that they would take action to defend their members jobs.工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。1.How can we defend our homeland if we dont have an powerful army?2.White blood cells help defend the body against infection3.When my father criticized me,my mother
26、came to my defence.重点句型1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在1932年淞沪战役爆发后，钱学森做出了将自己的专业转向航空的决定，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。【拓展】defe
27、nd.against/from 保卫.免受.defend oneself 为自己辩解/辩护defence n.防御;保卫in defence of 为保卫.,为.辩护in ones defence 为某人辩护come to ones defence【词汇】in charge of 主管；掌管Dr.Smith is assigned to take charge of the department.史密斯医生受命分管这个部门。Will you please tell me whether you charge for cheques?请告诉我兑换支票收手续费吗?Ill be in charge
28、of the whole factory next week when the director is away.下周厂长不在时,我将负责整个工厂。【拓展】(1)take charge of 掌管/负责 in the charge of 受的管理；由负责(2)free of charge=for free 免费(3)charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用charge sb with(doing)sth 控告某人(做)某事重点句型2.He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of no
29、t only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎,不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学,而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。【温馨提示】in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in possession of,in the possession of;in control of,in the control of。重点句型3.When asked“Can we Chi
30、nese possibly make missiles?”,his reply was a determined“Why not.”当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗?”他的回答是坚定的“为什么不能”。1.连词+形容词As(he was)young,he learned how to ride a bike.Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。2.连词+名词Although(he was)a farmer,now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,现在他是位著名
31、的导演了。3.连词+V-ingAlthough(he is)doing his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在努力学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。4.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless(he is)invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。5.连词+不定式He stood up as if(he were)to say something.他站起来好像要说什么。6.连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though(sh
32、e was)in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,且从句谓语中含有且从句谓语中含有be动词时动词时,从句可以将主语和从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。动词简化掉。【句式】When asked.是省略句，省略了从句的主语和be动词，句子补全为：When he was asked.。When invited to dinner,I am often unsure whether to bring a present.当被邀请参加宴会时，我老是拿不准是否该带礼物。Passage 2A world of pure thou
33、ght纯粹思考中的世界Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair,unable to move and using a computer to talk.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became
34、one of abstract thought.Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk,as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general,there were two main theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady state theory,which holds that the universe has
35、no beginning or end.The other was the big bang theory,which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle,a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyles lectures.Hawking stood up a
36、nd pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.Once the maths was corrected,it showed that the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes.A star was born.How was Hawkings own theory proven correct?Hawkings own work on the big bang theory was proven by astronomers with
37、telescopes.So,what made Stephen Hawking a genius?Besides being brilliant,he was brave,though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say,and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore,he was quite determined.This had helped him a
38、s a scientist,and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.Summary:Because Hawking was determined,he was able to succeed
39、 even though he was ill.be brilliantbe brave be determinedbe willing to admit his faultsPassage 2A world of pure thought纯粹思考中的世界Stephen Hawking worked as.His image.His achievement The first was _,which holds that _.The other was _,which holds that _.one of the most famous and gifted scientists in ph
40、ysicsin his wheelchair,unable to move,use a computer to talktwo theories on the origin of the universethe steady state theorythe universe has no beginning or end.the big bang theorythe universe began at a single point in time and space.Fill in the blanks,finish the summary of A world of pure thought
41、.Passage 2A world of pure thought纯粹思考中的世界Study the language and structure.1.Underline the linking words and phrases in the passages,and describe their function.Linking words:And,because,after,that,not onlybut also,or,what,when,ect.2.What is the function of each paragraph in the passages?Each paragra
42、ph of the article is organized around the topic of the article.3.Find Words that describe the personalities of the scientists.How do the stories about scientists help illustrate these personalities?Patriotic,devoted,determined,knowledgeable,creative,brave,ect.The stories give specific examples to sh
43、ow the personalities of the scientists.分析人物传记语篇的选材特点选材特点。（人物传记通常选取典型事件，用以突出人物的个性和品质。）分析人物传记语篇中的衔接词衔接词。（人物传记的逻辑衔接包括上述表示时间和空间关系，转折关系，因果关系等的衔接词语，这些形式词语的使用使得文章连贯顺畅。）分析人物传记语篇的结构结构。重点句型1.Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.斯蒂芬霍金是物理学上最著名和最有天赋的科学家之一。【词汇精讲】gifted adj.有
44、天赋的;有天才的;天资聪慧的He is one of the most gifted players in the world.他是世界上最有天赋的运动员之一。Brown was witty,amusing and gifted with a sharp business brain.布朗机智诙谐,天生具有敏锐的商业头脑。【词汇拓展】gift n.礼物;天赋have a gift for有的天赋Many of them have a gift for dancing.他们中的许多人拥有跳舞的天分。重点句型【词汇拓展】come across偶然遇到 come about发生come to恢复常态
45、；共计；达到(某种状况)come up with提出(主语是人)come up 提出(主语是建议等)I came across my former English teacher in the street yesterday.我昨天在街上遇到了我以前的英语老师。The headmaster wants to know how the accident came about.校长想知道事故是怎么发生的。【词汇精讲】come down with患(病);染上(小病)Thomas came down with chickenpox at the weekend.托马斯在周末染上了水痘。He mus
46、t have come down with a bad cold,for he has got a sore throat.他一定是感冒了,因为他嗓子痛。2.Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.由于他得了一种疾病，使他失去了大部分肌肉的使用，他的世界变成了一个抽象的思想。Keys1.came up e up with3.came down with重点句型3.Above
47、all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。【词汇精讲】above all最重要的是;尤其He is hardworking,cheerful,and above all honest.他勤奋、乐观,最重要的是诚实。Old Mr Smith was beloved by all,and above all by the children.史密斯老先生为众人所爱戴,尤其是受到孩子们的爱戴。【词汇拓展】all in all 整体说来;总而言之 in all全部;合计after all 毕竟;终究at all(否定句)一
48、点也不;(疑问句)到底;究竟Keys1.above all 2.after all3.All in all 4.at all1.shadow:n.影子，阴影，背光处in the shadow 在阴暗处in/under the shadow of 在.阴影下a shadow of 少许2.pour:vt.倒出,倒入,倾泻,斟(饮料),泼向+方位介词表示不同动作3.patriotic:adj.爱国的 patriotically adv.爱国地 patriotism n.爱国主义 arouse ones patriotic minds 激起某人的爱国之心 a patriotic act=an act
49、 of patriotism 爱国行为4.outstanding:adj.优秀的,杰出的,明显的an outstanding young worker award outstanding achievement/service5.concrete:adj.具体的，混凝土制的 n.混凝土 1.一个很奇怪的现象2.在.上施压3.被压力移除4.以.的形式5.一位备受尊重的人6.把.转向.7.帮助开展重要的研究8.打消某人做某事的念头9.接受挑战10.追溯到.11.很博学12.在科研的前言领域13.科学的精神a very strange phenomenonput some pressure on s
50、thtake the pressure offin the form of.an extremely well-respected manswitch.to.help conduct important researchdiscourage sb from doing sthtake on the challenge(sth)be traced back to.be extremely knowledgeablein the area of frontier science researchthe scientific spirit词块积累词块积累词块积累5.steady:adj.稳定的；平稳
