1、思维导图解读思维导图解读种类及物动词（write）不及物动词的主动语态（go）主动语态 被动语态现在分词一般式完成式现在分词的形式现在分词的形式 （以（以go 和和write为例）为例）意义：writingbeing writtengoinghaving writtenHaving been writtenhaving gone1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系主动关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生同时发生，或基本上同时发生基本上同时发生2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系主动关系，先于谓语动词发生先于谓语动词发生句法功能句法功能一做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分
2、句二原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。三时间状语 相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末四条件状语 相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首五让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首六结果状语 相当于so that,so等引导的结果状语从句，常位于句末现在分词作状语学与练现在分词作状语学与练 把划线部分改写成分词短语把划线部分改写成分词短语并说明其功能并说明其功能 1.When they saw their teacher,th
3、e students stood up.Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.*现在分词短语作时间状语现在分词短语作时间状语 2.After they had finished their homework,they went home.Having finished their homework,they went home.*现在分词短语作时间状语现在分词短语作时间状语*Having finished their homework表现的动表现的动作在作在went home(),故用分词的故用分词的().().之前之前完成式完成式3.Becau
4、se he was ill,he couldnt go to school.4.If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.Being ill,he couldnt go to school.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作原因状语作原因状语Working harder at English,you will make greater progress.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作条件状语作条件状语5.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.6.The chil
5、dren came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked.(并列句并列句)*Feeling very tired,they kept running.现在分词短语现在分词短语 作让步状语作让步状语The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking.*现在分词短语现在分词短语 作伴随状语作伴随状语现现在在分分词词语语态态时时态态否否定定逻逻辑辑主主语语惯惯用用语语从从句句转转化化独独 立立主主格格被被 动动主主 动动语态doingdoinghaving donedonedone
6、being donehaving been done 语态看分词语态看分词 1转化为分词作状语转化为分词作状语 (scold)by his mother,the boy hung his head.Being scolded 3._(see)black clouds covering the sky,he stopped his work and went home.Seeing4.(praise)for his job,Tom worked harder.Having been praised1.doing或者being done 同时或几乎同时发生2.Having done或者having
7、 been done 先于主句的谓语动词之前发生1）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done2）.当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：having been done时态看分词时态看分词 2注意注意 如果分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语表示的动作立即发生,也用分词的一般形式.Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.141.“What a beautiful garden it is!”said the girl,_out of the wi
8、ndow.A.looking B.having looked C.to look D.looked2._a long way,Bob began to feel tiredA.Walking B.Having walked C.To walk D.walked3._ in the queue for half an hour,I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.A.To wait B.Waiting C.Having waited D.To have waited使用使用having done或或having been d
9、one的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：去或完成的时间状语，例如：before,already,for a long time,many times等。等。直接在分词前面加not 1._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received 2._that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the fores
10、t.A.Not realized B.Realizing not C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized否定的表达否定的表达 3 分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意时应注意人称一致。人称一致。1）_(see)from the hill,we find the city very beautiful._（see）from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.2）_(look)at her mother,he jumped with j
11、oy._(look)at by her mother,he jumped with joy.逻辑主语逻辑主语 4SeeingSeenLookingLooked3)While watching television，_.A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell ringsC.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings4)Hesitating what to do,_.A so lets not go outing B the tour was cancelledC but we should st
12、ill take the tour D we had to stay home_,the trees turned green.春天春天来了来了_,well visit the Great Wall.时间时间允许的话允许的话补补 独立主格结构独立主格结构Spring comingTime permitting1._Sunday,I shall have a quiet day at home.A.Being B.It is C.There being D.It being 2.The party will be held in the garden,weather_（2012高考全国卷）高考全
13、国卷）A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.permit 有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。generally/strictly/frankly/personally speaking 一般来说/严格来说/坦率地说/就个人而言 judging from/by 由.判断 considering 考虑到 taking into consideration 考虑到 supposing 假如 talking/speaking of
14、 提到 providing 如果 Seeing that既然评论性状语评论性状语 5 Judging from his appearance,he is a wealthy man.从外表判断他是一位富翁。Generally speaking,the more you pay,the more you get.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。1.分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句与主句的主语相同主语相同时：1）去连词 2）去主语 3）动词变分词e.g.If you turn to the right,youll find the sch
15、ool._，youll find the school._，and youll find the school.Turning to the right分词短语与状语从分词短语与状语从句转化句转化 6Turn to the right3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同主语不同时：1）去连词 2）前面的主语留下 3)动词分词 e.g.As it were fine,I went fishing with my father._ I went fishing with It being fine,Notes:1.分词短语分词短语=连词连词+主语主语+V.e.g.Walking along the st
16、reet,I met Mary._ I met Mary.Being tired,I stopped to take a rest._I stopped to While I was walking along the street,Because I was tired,2.分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词 because,as等一定要省略。e.g.When(I was)mailing a letter in the post office,I met Tom.As she didnt know what to do,she began to cry._,she began
17、 to cry.Not knowing what to do1).Using your head,youll find a good way.Working hard,youll surely succeed.If you use your headIf you work hard条件状语条件状语练一练练一练思考：如何改为祈使句2).Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.Not knowing her address,we cant get in touch with her.(原因原因)Because he was poorAs we dont know
18、 her address3).Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.时间时间When I was walking in the street.4)Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.伴随状语伴随状语 Four people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.5).He did his homework carelessly,making a lot of mistakes.so he made
19、 a lot of mistakes结果结果辨析辨析：He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.(自然的或必然的结果自然的或必然的结果)(意想不到的结果意想不到的结果)Eg Finished their homework,the children went out to play football.更正 _the children went out to play football._the children went out to play football._ they went out to play footba
20、ll.变式训练Their homework finished,Having finished their homework,After the children finished their homework,提示：提示：用独立主格结构用独立主格结构 用分词作状语用分词作状语 用状语从用状语从句句 当堂检测之高考链接1.He got up late and hurried to his office,_the breakfast untouched.A.Left B.to leave C.leaving D.having left2._that he has wasted too much t
21、ime,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A.realizing B.realized C.to realize D.being realized3.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing4.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,
22、_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added5._ up at his father,he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B.Looking C.To look D.Look6.The car burns more fuel,but_ all things into consideration,its still a good carA taken B having taken C taking D to take
23、7._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered8._an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later.A.Basing B.Based C.Base D.To base 9 Finding her car stolen，_ A a policeman was a
24、sked to help B the area was searched thoroughly C it was looked for everywhere D she hurried to a policeman for help 10._the piano,some one suddenly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.Examining11._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed12.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.A.seizing;disappeared B.seized;disappeared C.seizing;disappearing D.seized;disappearing写一篇英语短文介绍你的同桌，尽量使用现在分词作状语
