1、高考资源网（），您身边的高考专家Unit 8 learning a foreign language整体感知单元要点Word study1.motivation 2.dictation 3.alphabet 4.stick 5.acquire 6.acqision 7.auful 8.instruct 9.data 10.academct prehension 12.anxious 13.secure 14.translator 15.interpreter 16.everyday 17.patience 18.adopt 19.tyre 20.overweight 21.operation
2、22.level 23.junior 24.senior 25.association 26.appropriate 27.postcode1.动机 2.听写 3.字母表 4.粘贴 5.获得 6.获得 7.可怕的 8.指导 9.数据 10.学术的；大学生 11.理解（力） 12.忧虑的 13.安全的 14.译者 15.口译者 16.日常的 17.耐心的 18.收养、采纳 19.轮胎 20.超重的 21.手术运转 22.水平 23.年少的 24.较年长的，年长者 25.社团 26.合适的 27.邮政编码Useful expressions1.make sense of 2.take risks
3、3.experiment with 4.piles of 5.knock down 6.fall behind 7.in other words1.理解 2.冒险 3.实验 4.成堆的 5撞倒 6落后 7.换句话说 Sentence pattern &communicative EnglishFirst, you should What do you think What advice would you give Make sure that you do I dont You can also It / this will help you They do better in The mo
4、re the better .If they were not ,they would not Not all of us wait to be translator or interpreters.Twice as hard Grammar复习虚拟语气(the Subjunctive Mood )1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用If you were to spend as many hours studying English, you would make great progress.2.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用:It is time that we should leave.Topi
5、cs & writing练习应用文的写作方法和技巧。背景知识BBC EnglishOne of the best ways to learn a foreign language is to follow the method you use to learn your native language. As a child you hear the sounds of your own language and you repeat it. You see the written form of the language around you and little by little you
6、 are taught to link the two forms of the language. The BBC uses this method in many different ways.English teaching radio programsWith explanations in 37 languages as well as completely in English ,these program are broadcast to most areas of the world from London and by some 300 overseas radio stat
7、ions in more than 100 countries.Courses of textbooks and audiocassettesThese audio courses are for people who wish to learn English at home or in the classroom. They can all be used for studying English from beginners level to advanced.Video coursesBBC English programs have been broadcast successful
8、ly on television in more than 100 countries. They can also be got on video. With supporting textbooks and audiocassettes; they form complete courses for home study or teaching.A magazineThe BBC English magazine is a bi-monthly publication and is a companion to BBC English radio broadcasts. It is wri
9、tten by the program makers and includes program details, practical home study exercises and features, as well as items of general interest from BBC programs dealing with science, medicine , technology, etc.English language summer schoolThis popular course for learners and teachers of English is held
10、 in London every summer.细说教材warming upMemorize new words.记新单词。点拨 memorize 用法小结：memorize + 名词e.g. 1. He could memorize nothing. 他什么也记不住。e.g. 2. They are beginning the task of memorizing the dialogue. 他们正开始记对话。另外与memorize 相关的词有：memory 记忆，记忆力memoirs 回忆录 memorable 值得怀念的 memorial 纪念碑Practice dictation.练习
11、听写。点拨dictation用法举例： eg.1. How many spelling mistakes are there in your dictation?你的默写有多少个拼写错误？eg.2. Hand in your dictations, please. 请把听写簿交上来。eg.3. I have them write out the whole dictation. 我让他们把听到的全写出来。Ask the teacher to make corrections.请老师批改。 点拨correction用法举例：eg.1. These papers are in need of co
12、rrection. 这些讲义需要订正。eg.2. The correction of compositions takes a large part of the teachers time . 作文的批改花费了老师大量的时间。点拨有些make与名词构成的词组相当于名词的同根动词。 eg. make corrections = correct make an apology = apologize make an explanation = explainListeningThis is a call-in show.这是电话讨论节目。点拨call-in 此处为“打（电话）进来” 动词词组ca
13、ll in 还有以下用法： eg.1. I formed the habit of calling in on him in the evening. 我养成了晚上去看他的习惯。 eg.2. Your father is very ill; you should call in a doctor at once. 你父亲病的很重，你应该立刻请医生。 eg.3. The librarian has called in all the books. 图书管理员收回了所有的书。Ask questions about the topic being discussed.咨询正在讨论的话题。点拨本句中的
14、being discussed为现在分词的被动语态作定语，意为“正在被讨论的”。比较下列句子中动词不定式作定语、过去分词作定语与现在分词坐定语的区别： eg.1. They were invited to the party to be held next week. 他们被邀请去参加下周将要举行的聚会。 eg.2. He attended the meeting held yesterday. 他出席了昨晚举行的会议。Who do you think take part in the discussion? 你认为谁会参加这场讨论？点拨take part in ,attend ,join 之
15、间的区别： take part in 常用于参加各种活动； eg: The Swiss did not take part in the two world wars. 瑞士人民没有参加两次世界大战。 另外 take a .part in 还有“起作用”的意思。 attend 常用于出席会议、婚礼等或作上学、上课讲。eg.1. He decided to attend the conference in person. 他决定亲自出席会议。eg.2. Marry did not attend the wedding. 玛丽没有参加婚礼。eg.3. I attended two lecture
16、courses under him. 我听了他的两次讲座。join 参加或加入某一团体或组织，或加入成为其中的一员eg.1. In four months, more than 240 000 workers joined the Communist Party. 在四个月内有24万工人加入了共产党。eg.2. Will you join us for dinner ? 我们一起吃饭吧？speakingI always get stuck when I come across a new word.遇到生词时我总是被难住。点拨get stuck =be stuck为被动语态，stick 被用作
17、动词时本意为“固定”，在不同情况下译法不同。eg.1. I was stuck by the question. 我被这问题难住了。eg.2. As it was growing dark, I came to a car stuck in a drift. 天快黑时，我来到了一辆陷入雪堆里的汽车跟前。stick 另一种用法为“伸出来”常于out, out of 或up连用。eg.1. He saw a branch sticking up in the water.他看见一根树枝露出水面。 eg.2. From space the earth like a huge water-covere
18、d globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 从太空看，地球就像一个巨大的被水覆盖的球体，上面有几块突出水面的陆地。固定短语stick to 粘住；坚持；坚守eg.1. Glue has stuck to my fingers. 胶水粘住了我的手指。eg.2. But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research. 但是爱因斯坦坚持他的理论，继续从事他的研究。注意：stick to中的to是介词，后跟名词，名词性从句或代词，不能跟动词，也不
19、跟动名词，即使表示“坚持干某事之意”。如：stick to ones plans坚持方案, stick to ones promise坚守诺言, stick to it不停地努力,I stick to what I said yesterday.我仍然坚持我昨天的话。而insist on多用于“坚持意见、看法、主张。后常接动词的-ing形式：eg. I insist on telling him how great you are. 我一定要告诉他你是多么的了不起。点拨come across译为“偶然遇到”“偶然发现”eg. I come across her in Paris. 我在巴黎偶然
20、遇到了她。come构成的短语有：come about发生 come at袭击come into being产生 come back to life复活come back回来，想起 come out出版，印刷 come up出现，发芽I have been studying English for so long now.到现在我已经学了很久的英语了。点拨have been doing 为现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能继续延续下去或动作刚刚停止。eg.1. All these years they have been fighting heroically for in
21、dependence.这些年来他们一直为独立而英勇战斗。eg.2. They have been making oiled paper umbrellas for more than 400 years. 他们制造油纸雨伞已经有四百多年的历史了。 but now I feel as if Im not making any progress.可是现在我感觉好象没有进展。 点拨as if/though 意为“就像似的，就仿佛似的”连词词性，引导的从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气。eg.1. I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我
22、记得事情的全部经过就像发生在昨天一样。eg.2. As if I cared! 我才不在乎呢！ 当从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，从句谓语中又包含动词be时，这个主语和动词be省略。eg.1. From time to time, John turned around as if(he was)searching something. 约翰不时的转过身来仿佛在找什么东西。eg.2. He paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. 他顿了顿，像要避开那些痛苦的回忆。 点拨make progress意为“前进、进展、取得进步、（病情）有好转”，
23、progress为不可数名词。eg.1. Jane is still in hospital, but she is making progress. 简仍在医院里，但她的病情正有所好转。eg.2. He made great progress in speaking English. 他在英语口语方面已大有进展。Reading Learning a foreign language: Twice as hard? 学习外语：双倍的努力？ 点拨此句为省略句，完整的句子应为：Does learning a foreign language have to be twice as hard as
24、learning our mother tongue? asas用于事物比较时，根据上下文可以省略被比较部分。 eg.1. I work very hard，but she doesnt work as hard (as me). 我工作很努力，但她工作不如我努力。 eg.2. I play tennis well. You cant expect to play tennis as well( as me). 我乒乓球打得好。你不能期望像我一样好。 eg.3. If you were to spend as many hours studying English ,you would mak
25、e progress.如果你花同样多的时间学英语，你会有进步的。Learning a language is obviously more than just memory words, phrase and structures.学习语言显然不仅仅是记忆单词、词汇或句型。点拨more than意为“不仅仅是”：eg: He is more than our teacher .He is our friend. 他不仅仅是我们的老师还是我们的朋友。more than 还有“超过”、“很”、“非常”的意思： They were more than glad to help. 他们非常乐意帮助。I
26、nstead we learnt or acquired our mother tongue by communicating with the people around us.相反，通过与周围人的交流我们学会我们的母语。 点拨acquire经过一个过程或通过自己的努力等得到eg.1. By the time, James was twenty, he had acquired a store of his own. 詹姆斯20岁的时候，他拥有了自己的店铺。eg.2. Its sometimes possible for a student to master English grammar
27、 and acquire a large vocabulary, even without the help of a teacher. 即使没有老师的帮助，学生也有可能掌握英语语法和大量的词汇。点拨communicate with意为“与交流/联系”： eg: They used carrier pigeons to communicate with headquarters. 他们用信鸽与总部联系。And perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we heard. 大概最令人迷惑不解的是，我们
28、如何能够理解我们听到的话。点拨most puzzling of all最令人迷惑不解的 most important of all最为重要的点拨make sense of sth 弄懂意思：eg: Can you make sense of this poem? 你懂得这首诗的含义吗？make sense 有意义 eg: What you say doesnt make sense /make no sense. 你的话毫无意义。Some believe that we are equipped with a special ability to learn language and our
29、brain adjust itself to the language of the culture we are born in.有人认为我们具备特殊的学语言能力，而且我们的大脑能够自我协调以适应我们本族文化的语言。点拨equip A with B 用B装备A eg: The PLA men are equipped with modern weapons.解放军战士是用现代化武器装备起来的。注意equip 是指“加设备（或装置）于”，它的宾语不能是指被设备或被装置的东西的词。 eg: 可以说They equipped the army with modern weapons. 但不可以说：
30、They equipped modern weapons with the army.点拨adjust oneself/s.th. to eg.1. The body adjusts itself to changes in temperature. 身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。 eg.2. You cant see well through a telescope unless it is adjusted correctly to your sight.除非你把望远镜准确的调节到适合你的视力，否则就看不清楚。 Well-adjusted与他人关系和谐的，善于顺应的Others think
31、 that we learn language in the same wayand that what we are born with is a .另一些人认为和学习其他事物一样，比如走路，解决问题等，我们用同样的方式学习语言，我们与生俱来的是一种学和用的综合能力，而不是专门的语言学习能力点拨上一句的some ，与这一句的others构成固定的句型搭配someothers/other+ n(pl)意为“一些另一些”。点拨that we learn language与that what we are born with为谓语动词think 的并列宾语从句，第一个引导词that可以省略，但第二
32、个引导词that不可省略。点拨in the same way 之后省略的关系代词that或in which与we learn other things一起构成way的定语从句。Regardless of their theories, these language experts do agree that尽管众说纷纭，这些语言专家都承认生活是一所成功的语言学校。 点拨 regardless of 意为 ：不顾，不注意， eg.1. regardless of the consequences 不顾后果 eg.2. regardless of expense 不考虑费用 其反义为regardf
33、ul of 注意关心 eg: Be more regardful of your own interests. 请多注意你自己的利益。That may not seem true to you. 对你来说那也许不是真的。点拨may not 表猜测时意为“也许不”，而cannt用于猜测时表示绝对否定“不可能”。 eg: She cant be serious.她不可能是当真的。 She may not be serious.她也许不会当真。But once you consider the situation further, you will realize that this is inde
34、ed the case.但是一旦你更仔细地考虑这种情况，你会发现这的的确确是真的点拨This/Thats the case=This/Thats true . the case 实情，真相eg.1. Is it the case that you have lost all your money? 你的钱全部都损失了，是真的吗？eg.2. If thats the case, you will have to work much harder. 如果情形是那样的话，你将必须更加努力工作。As it often the case with 这是常有的事 in any case 无论如何 in c
35、ase 万一 in other words, you were studying the language all day long!换句话说，你一直在学这种语言。 点拨in other words 意为“换句话说”，类似于“thats to say 、namely”等。eg: In other words, he cheated us.换句话说，他欺骗了我们。与word 构成短语有：in a word 总之，简言之 eat ones words认错，收回前言并道歉 ， get in a word 插话，have a word with 与某人谈话， break ones word/promi
36、se 食言,失信 固定句型：word come that消息传来so that is an awful lot of hours.所以说那是极长的时间。点拨so that 在此句中不是固定短语“以便，以致于”的意思。此处so 为连词,that在句子中充当主语。If you spend as many hours studying English如果你花同样多的时间学英语点拨此句为省略句，呈前省略了“as studying your mother tongue.”If you were to spend as many hours studying English, you would make
37、 great progress.如果你花同样多的时间学习英语,你将会取得很大的进步. 点拨此句为虚拟语气，对未发生事情或情况的虚拟，从句用“主语+should/were to/过去式”，主句用“主语+would/should/could+动词原形。” eg: How nice it would be if we were still living by 2100！ 如果到2100年我们仍活着的话,该多好啊！We have textbooks, teachers and classmates to instruct and assist us in the process在学习的过程中，我们有教
38、科书，有老师来指导我们，有同学帮助我们点拨instruct + n 教授 eg: instruct a class in history教授一个班的历史 instruct recruits教新兵 instruct sb to do sth指导某人做某事 eg: instruct sb how to work指导某人如何工作点拨assist(sb)with sth/in doing/to do sth： 援助/帮助某人做某事，比help较正式。 eg.1. She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.她雇了一个妇女来帮忙做家务。 e
39、g.2. He asked us to assist him in carrying through their plan. 他请求我们协助他完成他们的计划。The data suggests that what successful language learners have in common is, among other things, an interestability. 数据显示成功语言学习者共同拥有的是：了解自身的兴趣，对世界的好奇心，抢抓机遇和对自己能力的自信。点拨这是一个长句，that 引导的宾语从句中，“What successful language learners
40、 have in common”作宾语从句中的主语.“is”为系动词，an interest ability作为并列表语。 Active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use. 积极学习者能够更快获得新技巧而且更好的学以致用。 点拨put to use 固定搭配意为“加以利用” eg.1 He puts his training to good use in his job. 他把他受到的业务培训很好地利用到工作中来。 eg.2. Its a pity to thr
41、ow anything away if it can be put to use. 东西只要还可以加以利用，扔掉了总是可惜的。As a consequence, they do better in areas such as reading comprehension, 结果，他们阅读理解、词汇学习、写和说方面做得更好。 点拨as a consequence= in consequence =as a result eg: we hadnt enough money to pay our bus fare, and as a consequence, we have to walk. 我们没有
42、足够的钱坐公交车，结果不得不步行。as/in a consequence= as a result of 由于 eg: As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired. 由于懒惰，他被解雇了。 另外，consequence 还有“重要，要紧”的意思 eg: Its of no consequence.不打紧The less anxious and more relaxed the learner, the better the language acquisition proceeds. 学习者越放松,越不紧张，语言的获得进展越好。 点拨the a
43、dj/adv(比较级)，the +adj/adv (比较级) 译为“越越” The sooner , the better.越快越好。点拨anxious 用法小结 1.be anxious to do sth(for sth)急于/渴望干某事或得到某物 eg.1. They are anxious to know the result.他们急于知道结果。 eg.2. The boy was anxious for a new pen.那个男孩渴望有一支新钢笔。 2.be anxious about = be worried about 为担忧 eg: Some people are anxio
44、us about the future.有些人对前途感到不安。 （辨析）anxious和eager 都有“渴望”“急于”的意思，但用法略有不同，anxious 着重指焦急、着急或担心，eager 着重指对成功的期望或进取的热情。 eg.1. We are anxious to arrive home before dark. 我们急于在天黑之前到家。 eg.2. We are eager to join the army.我们渴望参军。They are more willing to take risks. 他们更愿意冒险。 点拨take/run risks/a risk意为“冒险” eg: Shes too sensible to take a risk when shes driving. 她在开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。 Take/run risk of doing sth冒险做某事：冒之险 eg: He was ready to run/take the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy. 他愿意冒被敌
