1、中考英语词法知识形容词专项复习一、形容词的功能形容词可修饰名词或代词,在句中作状语,定语,表语或补足语,其功能如下:一.作定语a nice day an exciting movieI have something important to tell you.二.作表语,放在系动词之后【be /feel /get/ turn/look等】She is happy.He looks young.三.作宾补I find the lecture interesting. 宾补 The classroom is kept clean. 主补四.作状语 原因状语Hungry and tired, I h
2、ad to stop working.又饿又累,我停止了工作。 结果状语After the long journey, we went back home, hungry and tired.长途旅行之后,我们回到了家,又饿又累。 伴随状语He stood there,full of fear.他站在那里充满了恐惧。 方式状语We arrived there very late,safe and sound.我们很晚到那儿,安然无恙。二、形容词的构成51.本身即为形容词的词pink 粉色的 glad 高兴的 nice 好的2.加后缀组成的形容词加后缀:ywind windy 多风的 healt
3、h healthy 健康的加后缀:ablecomfort comfortable 舒适的加后缀:al person personal 个人的 nature natural 天然的加后缀:en gold golden 金色的加后缀:ent differ different 不同的加后缀:ishchild childish 孩子气的加后缀:ive expense expensive 昂贵的加后缀:ful use useful 有用的 peace peaceful 和平的 faith faithful 忠诚的加后缀:ous danger dangerous 危险的fame famous 著名的加后缀
4、:ly friend friendly 友好的year yearly 每年的 father fatherly 父亲般的3.复合形容词的构成副词+现在分词 hard-working 辛勤的副词+过去分词well -known 众所周知的名词+过去分词man- made 人造的名词+现在分词english -speaking 说英语的名词+形容词world- famous 世界知名的数字+名词five- star 5星级的数词+名词edfive -storeyed 五层的形容词+过去分词ready-made 现成的形容词+名词edabsent -minded 心不在焉的cold-blooded 冷
5、血的形容词+现在分词easy- going 随和的11.数词+名词+形容词five-year-old 五岁的12.其他first -rate 第一流的 face -to -face 面对面的4.分词式形容词boring 令人厌烦的 bored 厌烦的exciting 令人兴奋的excited 兴奋的disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 失望的三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则及基本用法形容词和副词比较等级的构成,有规则变化和不规则的变化。一般在单音节词后面加er/est,多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more/most。1.规则变化【单音节词和少数双音节词】构
6、成方法一般直接加er /resttall taller tallesthard harder hardest不发音的e结尾的词直接加r/stlarge large largest late later latest以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i再加er/esteasy easier easiest happy happier happiest以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写,最后的辅音字母再加er/est thin thinner thinnesthot hotter hottest【多音节词和部分双音节词】在词前加more most careful more careful mo
7、st carefuluseful more useful most useful形容词的不规则变化 【重点】good/ well better best bad/ badly worse worst many/ much more mostlittle less leastfar有两个比较级和最高级,用法比较特殊,含义不同far farther 更远,较远 farthest 最远far further 更远,更进一步 furthest 最远,最大程度形容词副词比较级和最高级的主要结构:一,比较级常用结构用于两者的比较,常用比较级+thanThe computer is newer than t
8、hat one.这个电脑比那个电脑新。比较级+than+any other+单数Tony is taller than any other boy in his class.托尼比他班里的任何一个男生都高。比较级+than+the other+复数名词+in.Tony is taller than the other students in his class.托尼比他班上其他同学都高。The+比较级+of+the twoTony is the taller of the twins.Tony是这对双胞胎中更高的那个。比较级+and+比较级Its getting warmer and warm
9、er in spring.春天变得越来越暖和了。the+比较级,the+比较级The more you read,the faster you will be.你读的越多,就会读的越快。which/ what /who+比较级Who plays basketball better, Mike or Sam?谁篮球打得好,迈克还是山姆?much /a lot /even/ far/ a little/ a bit+比较级,表示加强语气He feels even worse than yesterday.他甚至觉得比昨天更难受了。倍数+比较级The river is three times lon
10、ger than that one.这条河是那条河的3倍长。二,最高级常用结构 the+最高级+单数名词+in/of.Kate is the tallest student in her class.凯特是班上最高的学生。He jumps fastest of all the class.他是我们班跳的最远的。 one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数加in/ of.This is one of the oldest houses in the city.这个是城市里最古老的房子之一。 特殊疑问词+the+最高级Which is the cheapest store in town?镇
11、上最便宜的商店是哪家? the+序数词+形容词最高级The yellow river is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。主要从四个方面来学习形容词:形容词的构成,形容词的功能,形容词的位置,形容词的比较级最高级,四、形容词的位置形容词在句中的位置,主要指作定语时与名词的排列顺序,有前置定语和后置定语。一、置于名词前,称之为前置定语wonderful weather 极好的天气exciting news 令人激动兴奋的消息当多个形容词或起形容词作用的其他词同时出现作定语时,一般按照各词语与被修饰词之间的紧密程度排列,其排列顺序如下:相信
12、我们高中的同学都熟悉这个口诀,县官行令宴国才。县: 是指限定词,包括冠词,形容词,物主代词,指示代词,名词,所有格官: 表示观点性的描绘性形容词行: 指高矮,大小等形状的形容词令: 指年龄,新旧的形容词晏: 表示颜色的形容词国: 指国籍,地区,出处的形容词材: 表示材料的形容词来看几组,试着互译一下:a green Japanese car 一辆绿色日本小轿车all these last few days 最近这些日子an old brown woolen carpet 一块旧的棕色羊毛地毯a beautiful little white wooden bridge 一座漂亮的小白木桥二、置于
13、名词后,称之为后置定语 表语形容词 afraid ,alone, asleep做后置定语The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.还在熟睡的婴儿可能马上会醒来。The rent alone is one thousand yuan.单房租就1000元。 形容词在修饰something, someone等复合不定代词时需后置something important 一些重要的事nothing serious 没有什么要紧的事 成对的形容词可以后置There was a large house, simple and beautiful.有一个大房
14、子,简单又好看。形容词的后面有介词短语或不定式短语时后置He wrote some books interesting and easy to read.他写了一些有趣且易读的书。当old, long ,high ,wide等词前附有数量词的短语作定语时,需要后置a girl six years old一个六岁的女孩a snake a meter long一米长的蛇 形容词enough可置于名词的前面或后面,但做副词修饰形容词或副词时,只能后置I have enough money to buy a house.我有足够的钱买一个房子。He is brave enough to say no.
15、他非常勇敢地说“不”。You cant be careful enough while crossing the road.过马路时再小心也不为过。五、形容词的知识拓展与难点一、一些形容词如necessary ,unnecessary ,important , unimportant,probable, improbable, convenient等作表语时,主语一般不能为人,通常用it做形式主语,而将真正的主语后置。It can be more convenient to have information delivered to you.将信息传递给您可能更方便。The doctor sa
16、ys it may be necessary for me to have an operation.医生说我可能需要做手术。二、表语形容词表语形容词常跟在系动词后面,偶尔跟在名词后面做后置定语。如: afraid害怕的,alike相像的,alive活着的,alone单独的,awake醒着的,aware知道的,worth值得的,unable不可能的。The twins are alike.这对双胞胎很相像.(alike做表语)Jonny was the only boy awake at that time. (awake后置放在boy后面作定语)Jonny是那时唯一醒着的男孩。三、以a开头的
17、表语形容词,通常不能直接用very修饰。非常孤单 very much alone非常相似 much alike十分清醒的 wide awake四、the+形容词: 表示一类人或事物,做主语一般指一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式; 指一类事物时谓语动词用单数形式。the young 年轻人 the old 老人the poor 穷人 the rich 富人the blind 盲人 the right 正确的事the unknown 未知的事The rich are for the plan while the poor are against it.富人赞成这个计划,而穷人反对它。The unkno
18、wn is full of mysteries.未知的事情充满了神秘。五、有少数几个双音节词以er及le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。common commoner/ more common commonest / most common clever cleverer/ more clever cleverest / most cleversimple simpler/ more simplesimplest / most simple六、“劣等”比较,是在形容词原级之前加less,least而构成比较级与最高级。kind, less kind, least kinduseful, less useful,least useful七、一些复合形容词的比较等级。well-known,better- knownbest- known八、以下形容词构成的短语还有比较意味:be superior to 优于类似于be better thanThis garden is superior to that one.这个花园比那个花园好。be inferior to 比差,类似于be worse thanThis photo is inferior to that one.这张照片比那张差。