1、 名词性从句名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主语、表语、宾语和同位语。名词性从句名词性从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的名词性从句的连接词是名词性从句中最核心的问题，也是高考的常考点。连接词的选择要考虑它问题，也是高考的常考点。连接词的选择要考虑它在从句中的作用和所表达的意义。在从句中的作用和所表达的意义。从属连词从属连词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词连接词连接词连接词连接词词义词义在句中所在句中所例
2、句例句作成分作成分从从属属连连词词that/The problem is that we dont haveenough energy.if/whether是否是否/The question is whether they have so much money.连接词连接词 词义词义在句中所在句中所 例句例句作成分作成分连连接接代代词词who/whom/which/whose/what原疑问代词的意原疑问代词的意义；义；what更常表更常表示：示：the thing that /the that 所所的东西的东西/主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、定语Pay attention to w
3、hat the teacher said.Who kept the door open all night was unknown.whoever/whomever/whichever/whatever 无论谁无论谁/无论哪个无论哪个(些些)/无论什么无论什么主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语、定语表语、定语Whoever breaks the law will be punished.You can take whichever book you like.连接词连接词 词词 义义在句在句子子中所作中所作的的成分成分 例句例句连连接接副副词词when/where/why/how 原疑问副词的意原疑
4、问副词的意义义或或的时间的时间(the time when)；的地点的地点(the place where)；的原因的原因(the reason why)；的方式的方式(the way that)状语状语When he will go is unknown.I wonder why he tried to avoid me.This room is where I was born.This is how we work.主语从句主语从句1 that 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句（that引导主语从句时只起到连接作用，没有具体意义，引导主语从句时只起到连接作用，没有具体意义，也不在从句中也不在
5、从句中作任何成分，作任何成分，但是不能省略但是不能省略）。）。That everything in the world changes was often a theme in poetry of the Romantic Movement.That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.2 whether 引导主语从句时既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，但引导主语从句时既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用前面需用it 作形式主语。作形式主语。Whether,if 只连接作用
6、，在句中不作成分。只连接作用，在句中不作成分。Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.It is not important whether/if they have enough experience.3 wh-类连接词引导主语从句类连接词引导主语从句 wh-类连接词不但起连接作用，类连接词不但起连接作用，还在主语从句中作成分。还在主语从句中作成分。连接代词在主语连接代词在主语从句中作主语从句中作主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,定语等，连接副词在主语从句中作时间定语等，连接副词在主语从句中作时间,地点地点,原因原因
7、,方式等状语。方式等状语。Whichever team wins on Sunday will through to the national championships.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Why he suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.How he became rich overnight is still a puzzle.Before a problem can be solved,it must be obvious what the problem itself i
8、s.4“it”做形式主语时做形式主语时,“that”不能省略不能省略。It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from traditonal Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.It happens that he can understand a little about the language.It is unfair th
9、at in some countries women are still treated unequally.宾语从句宾语从句 (that 一般可以省略）一般可以省略）1 动词宾语从句动词宾语从句Some people in Dover also say(that)they have seen aliens.Do you know whether/if there are any public rest rooms around here?Could you please tell me where I can get a dictionary.2 介词宾语从句（介词宾语从句（whether
10、不能换成不能换成 if）Success depends on whether we make enough effort.My fellow students have begun to accept for who I am.除在除在except,in,but,besides 后后,that 引导的从句一般不直接作介词的宾语。引导的从句一般不直接作介词的宾语。I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he is a doctor.3系表结构的宾语从句系表结构的宾语从句 sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,a
11、fraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry 等表等表示情感的形容词与示情感的形容词与be 一起构成系表结构时，一起构成系表结构时，其后的从句也被视为宾语其后的从句也被视为宾语从句。从句。We are all glad that we have once again overcome the difficulty.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.4 if和和whether 引导宾语从句的区别引导宾语从句的区别 作作“是否是否”讲常可通用。讲常可通用。1)介词后用介词后用whether.I am thinking of w
12、hether we should go fishing.2)与与or not 连用时用连用时用whetherI cant say whether or not he will come on time.3)与不定时连用时用与不定时连用时用whether.I really dont know whether to accept or refuse.4)宾语从句前置时只用宾语从句前置时只用whetherWhether they can finish the work on time,we dont know.5 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1）当主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时时，其宾语从句的时态可
13、以是）当主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当时态。任何适当时态。Do you know how Amy came to school this morning?I will let you know whether I will come or not directly I check my schedule.2)主句谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态要用相应的过去时态。主句谓语动词是一般过去时，其宾语从句的时态要用相应的过去时态。The policeman asked the little boy where he lived.He said(that)he
14、was going to take care of the baby.3)表达客观规律时，时态仍用一般现在时。表达客观规律时，时态仍用一般现在时。She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.6 不能省略不能省略that的情况的情况1）句中出现两个或两个以上的由）句中出现两个或两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时。（由并列连词连接的两引导的宾语从句时。（由并列连词连接的两个或多个个或多个that引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，只有第一个从句中的只有第一个从句中的that可以省去，可以省去，其余并列宾其余并列宾语从句中
15、的语从句中的that都要保留）。都要保留）。He said(that)the film was excellent and that he wanted to see it once again.2)that从句中又有其他从句时。从句中又有其他从句时。I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.3)主，从句之间有插入语时。主，从句之间有插入语时。It says here,on this card,that it was used in plays.4)当当 it 代替代替 that 引导的宾语从句作形式宾语时。引导的宾语从句作形式
16、宾语时。We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.7 宾语从句的否定转移。宾语从句的否定转移。think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess 等，等，若后面的从句是否定若后面的从句是否定意义时，意义时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句的人称和时其反意疑问句的人称和时态一般与宾语从句一致。态一般与宾语从句一致。I think anyone will not be able to do that.()I
17、 dont think anyone will be able to do that.()I dont believe thats his fault,is it?8 可以用形式宾语可以用形式宾语it 替代的宾语从句替代的宾语从句1）如果宾语从句后跟有补足语，如果宾语从句后跟有补足语，常用常用it 作形式宾语，作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置而把宾语从句置于补足语之后。于补足语之后。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get
18、-together.2)有些动词如有些动词如hate,like,take,own,have等后跟宾语从句时，等后跟宾语从句时，需在宾语从需在宾语从句前加句前加it.I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral.表语从句表语从句1 that,whether引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 that 和和whether只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分。that 无词义
19、，无词义，一般一般不省略，不省略，whether 仍保留仍保留“是否是否”意义，意义，不能换成不能换成if.But the question is not that it allows you to increase the size of your social circle.What I was uncertain about was whether they could do the work well.2 wh-类连接词引导的表语从句类连接词引导的表语从句 wh-类连接词引导的从句作表语时，类连接词引导的从句作表语时，通常有一定的实际意义，连接代词通常有一定的实际意义，连接代词在从句中
20、作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，连接副词在从句中作状语。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，连接副词在从句中作状语。I d like to start my own business-thats what Id do if I had the money.Actuallly,girls can be whatever they want to be just like boys.This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future.Tomorrow is when it will be the most convenient.
21、3 as if/as though,because 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句此类词引导的表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面，此类词引导的表语从句常跟在特定的动词后面，如如seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel 等。等。1）as if/as though 引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，引导的表语从句，可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，也可用虚拟语气，具体以该从句所述内容是否真实为判断依据。具体以该从句所述内容是否真实为判断依据。It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.He looks as if
22、 he were from the Mars.2)because 引导表语从句时，引导表语从句时，主句主语不能用主句主语不能用reason.-You look tired.-That may be because I didnt have a good sleep yesterday evening.I think it is because you are too serious.同位语从句同位语从句同位语同位语 从句常放在从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,suggestion,conclusion 等抽象名词后面
23、，说明该名词的具体内容。等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。1 同位语从句的引导词同位语从句的引导词1）that 和和whether 引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句that 引导同位语从句时，在同位语从引导同位语从句时，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，没有任何意义，句中不充当任何成分，没有任何意义，只起连接作用，只起连接作用，但是不能省略。但是不能省略。The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports f
24、ield.whether 引导同位语从句时，在从引导同位语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，但是表示句中不充当任何成分，但是表示“是否是否”之意，之意，不可以换为不可以换为 if.The student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading.2)wh-类连接词和类连接词和how引导的同位语从句引导的同位语从句 连接代词在同位语从句中充当一定的成分，连接代词在同位语从句中充当一定的成分，如主语，如主语，宾语，宾语，表语和表语和定语等，定语等，并且有一定的意义。并且有一定的意义。连接副词在同位语从句中充当状语。连接副词在同位
25、语从句中充当状语。I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have you got any idea where the party is to be held?2 可以跟同位语从句的常见名词可以跟同位语从句的常见名词The problem,why you are going to give up the plan,has not been answered yet.The thought that I may lose my w
26、ay makes me feel worried.belief,doubt,fact,hope idea,information,news,order,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,thought等。等。名词性从句的注意事项名词性从句的注意事项1 同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别1）从被修饰词上区别从被修饰词上区别同位语从句前的名词只能是同位语从句前的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope等有一定内涵的等有一定内涵的名词。名词。Some people have the idea that you can cross
27、 Canada in less than five days.定语从句前的成分可以是名词、代定语从句前的成分可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。词、主句的一部分或整个主句。The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2)从性质上区别从性质上区别同位语从句相当于一个名词，同位语从句相当于一个名词，对前面的抽象名词进行解释；对前面的抽象名词进行解释；The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up
28、 the Great Lakes.定语从句相当于一个形定语从句相当于一个形容词，容词，对先行词进行修对先行词进行修饰或限制饰或限制。There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal.3)从引导词上区别从引导词上区别有些引导词如有些引导词如how,whether,what 可以引导同位语从句，可以引导同位语从句，但不能引但不能引导定语从句；导定语从句；That question whether we need it has not been considered.which 能引导定语从句，能引导定语从句，却不却不能单独使
29、用引导同位语从句。能单独使用引导同位语从句。This is a simple idea,but one which is hard to put into practice.4)从引导词在句子中的成分区别从引导词在句子中的成分区别that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，用，不充当任何成分，不充当任何成分，并且不能并且不能省略，省略，也不能用也不能用which来代替；来代替；But they forget the fact that Canada is 5500 km from coast to coast.that引导定语从句时，引导定语从句时，在从句中在从句中一般作主语
30、或宾语（指物时还可一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用以用which代替），并且作宾语代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。时常常省略。The news that he told us just now is unbelievable.2 名词性从句中名词性从句中what 和和that 的用法区别的用法区别1）引导名词性从句时，引导名词性从句时，what 在在从句中要充当句子成分，从句中要充当句子成分，意意为为“的事物。的事物。May we ask what you are doing in this country and what your plans are?that不作任何成分，只起连接不作任何成
31、分，只起连接作用，作用，也没有实际意义。也没有实际意义。The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand,which accounts for my appearance.2)当名词性从句已有疑问词引导时，当名词性从句已有疑问词引导时，不可再加不可再加thatI dont understand that what you said just now.()I dont understand what you said just now.()practise1 Police have found _ appears
32、to be the lost ancient statue.2 _ makes the book so extraodinary is the creative imagination of the writer.3 Thats _ most employers value a college degree and prefer to hire college graduates.4 From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.5_
33、is widely acknowledged that a college education will promote peoples intellectual growth and broaden their career opportunities.6 _ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.7 Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.8 Tomorrow is Toms birthday.Have
34、you got any idea _ the party I to be held?9 The limits of a persons intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.10 We promise_ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.whatWhat whybecauseItWhatthat wherewhetherwhoever
