1、高中16种英语时态总结归纳及其配套练习时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 1. 一般现在时 A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯，兴趣，爱好等。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 He always helps others. D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“
2、来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon. How often does this shuttle bus run F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。 When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进
3、行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 I bought a new house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A. didnt sell B. sold C. havent sold D. would sell Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A. are to
4、 challenge B. have been challenged C. may be challenged D. are challenging B.如何区分完成时态和过去时态 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带。现在完成时和过去时的区别在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态，或受动态的影响，是动态的结果，对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。 He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8年。这只是讲述一个过去的事实，他现在已经不在那家医院了。） He has worked in that hospita
5、l for 8 years.（他已经在那家医院里工作了8年。表示他从过去开始工作，一直工作到现在，现在仍在那家医院工作。） 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。 My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续） My sister has married. Dont disturb her.（终端动词） 在this is the first/ second/ third time that句型里要求用完成时。 This is the sec
6、ond time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. 句型It is/ has beensince所使用的两种时态都正确。 It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him. 在no sooner than、hardly/ scarcely when、before、prior to等句型中，主句要求完成时。 I havent met that professor prior to today.4. 现在完成进行时(have b
7、een doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 We have been working on this project for over a month now.*与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。 It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D.
8、has been leaking 5. 一般过去时 A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的 就是过去时。 The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. He used to visit his mother once a week. C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。
9、 I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car Would you mind my sitting here一些注意事项： A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。 B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例
10、：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都对。 Used to do经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。 6. 过去完成时(had done) 用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示过去的过去。 Until then, his family _ from him for six months. A. didnt hear B. hasnt heard C. hasnt b
11、een hearing D. hadnt heard 注意事项：“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 There had been someone in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.7. 过去将来时(would/ should do) 表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。 I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next d
12、ay.注意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的，所以其注意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关注意事项。 8. 过去进行时(was/ were doing) A) 表示在过去一个比较具体的时间正在发生的动作。 Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. B) 如果when, while这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时，则另一个句子常用过去进行时。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. 9. 一般将来时 A) 基本结构是will / sh
13、all do。 We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.C) 表示“打算去，要”时，可用be
14、 going to do。 This is just what I am going to say.D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.E) be to do的5种用法： a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气
15、。 You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） How am I to pay such a debtd) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is at
16、tended D. is attended to e) 用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should） Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage _ avoided. A. is to be B. can be C. will be D. has been f) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 The coach is on the point of giving up the ga
17、me because our team has been scored 7 points. I was _ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. A. in B. to C. at D. on 注意事项： 在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly）等引导的状语从句，一般用现在时代替将来时。强调延续性或动态时，可用完成时。 I
18、hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.10. 将来进行时(will be doing) 强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或事情。 Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. 11. 将来完成时(will have done) 表示从将来的某一时间开始、延续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态，或是发生在某个将来时间。就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴
19、的将来时时段一样。其用法从和过去及现在有关，变成了和将来及将来的将来有关。 The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted 12)将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ，will have been doing By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. 13)过去完成进行时
20、：had been doing The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home. 14) 过去将来进行时：should be doing , would be doing The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.15) 过去将来完成时：Should have done, would h
21、ave done I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.16) 过去将来完成进行时：Should have been doing, would have been doing They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. 时态配套练习题1. -
22、Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You _ something.A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; have B. have worked; had C. am working; will have
23、D. had been working; had had3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write4. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak5. - I beg your pardon, but I
24、didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time
25、. A. had worked B. has worked C. was working D. has been working8. - What _ when I phoned you- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finished B. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finished D. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you finished the report- No. I
26、_ it all this week.A. will do B. had done C. have done D. have been doing10. I can guess you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week. - Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too bus
27、y.A. had expected; had intended B. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intend D. expected; intend12. - Why Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I _ my storeroom downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new
28、house.A. save B. are saving C. have saved D. were saving14. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. - Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office.A
29、. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met16. - Alice came back home the day before Really Where _A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone17. I know Mr. Brown; we _ to each other at an international conference. A. are introduced B. are been introduced C. w
30、ere introduced D. had been introduced18. Dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day. A. turns up B. has turned up C. will turn up D. is going to turn up19. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _ in Shanghai - Well, I dont care about such things.A. was made B. is made C. has b
31、een made D. had been made20. - Did he notice you enter the room - I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened21. The plane _ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest. A. has left B. would leave C. will hav
32、e left D. leaves22. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at aboutnine oclock tonight. A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going23. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee. A. prefer B. preferred C. had preferred D. am preferring24. The vegetabl
33、es didnt taste very good. They _ too long.A. had been cooked B. were cooked C. have cooked D. cooked25. - Remember the first time we met, Jim - Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read26. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A. ha
34、ve told; washes B. have been told; washesC. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed27. - Is Tom still smoking- No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will be B. will have gone C. will have been D. has been going28. - _ Betty this morning- Not yet, but
35、 she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see29. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard30. - Look at the black clouds. It _ soon.- Sure. If only we _ out.A. is ra
36、ining; didnt come B. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent started D. is going to rain; hadnt come31. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles.A. has been writing; has written B. has been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writing D. has written;
37、has written32. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got33. - Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon. - No, I _.A. dont B. do C. wont D. will34. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A
38、. finished what I was doing B. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doing D. finish what I did35. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ it on. A. will try B. have tried C. tried D. are trying36. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A.
39、didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; considerC. havent decided; am considering D. hadnt decided; have considered37. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor - Of course. What is it - I _ if you could take me to the station.A. would wonder B. did wonder C. was wondering D. had wondered38.
40、 - Got your driving license- No. I _ too busy to have enough practice, so I didnt take the driving test last week. Im going to next week.A. was B. have been C. am D. had been39. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT.A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is i
41、ntroduced D. was introduced40. - Whos the man over there- Its Jack.- Oh _ in Italy.A. I think hes B. Ive thought hes beenC. I thought he was D. Id thought hed been41. - I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you werent in. - I _ regular exercises at the club. A. did B. was doing C.
42、had done D. have been doing42. - Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, _ the So have I. A. is reading B. has read C. reading D. reads43. It is when the plane _ that youd better find out at the booking office.A. would take off B. had taken off C. was taking off D. is taking off44. - Im sorry, but theres no smoking on this flight. - Oh, I _ that. Sorry, I wont again. A. dont know B. didnt know C. wont know D. havent known45. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned
