1、高中英语被动语态一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式 , 被动语态由be过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。 以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时2 ） has /have been done 现在完成时3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时4） was/were done 一般过去时5） had been done 过去完成时6） was/were being done 过去进行时7） shall/will be done 一般将来时8） shou
2、ld/would be done 过去将来时9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a
3、present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his motherfor his birthday.3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语
4、补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。例 Someonesaw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 ( 一般时态与完
5、成时态 ) 。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语 )。例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer .3. 为了更好地安排句子。例 The well-known pe
6、rson got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“ It be过去分词 that 从句”或“主语 be过去分词 to do st h. ”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that 据报道， It is believed that 大家相信， It
7、 is hoped高中英语被动语态that 大家希望， It is well known that 众所周知， It is thought that 大家认为， It is suggested that 据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ The boy is said to have passed thenational exam. ）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词如 break ， catch ，clean ， drive ， lock ，open， sell ，read ，w
8、rite ，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义 , 主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词与短语，如： happen, last, take place, break out, come out, comeabout, come tr
9、ue, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词与不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在 need，want ，require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义
10、，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。例 The house needs repairing （to be repaired ）这房子需要修理。2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading （ The picture-book is very worthy to be read ）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式与名词之间有动宾关系时，又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lo
11、t of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。 )试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。 )4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice ，easy，fit ，hard ，difficult ，important ，impo
12、ssible ，pleasant ，interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out . （可看作 to work out 省略了 for me ）.5 在 too to 结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在 th ere be 句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例 There is no time to lose （to be lost ）（ 用 t
13、o lose 可看成 for us to lose ；用 to be lost ，谁losttime 不明确。）7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动 , 被动表被动。然而 , 由于古英语的影响, 下列动词rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?六、介词 in, on, under 等+ 名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用， 含被动之义， 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式， 名词前高中英语被动语态一般不用冠词。1. “under +
14、名词 ”结构，表示 “某事在进行中 ”。常见的有： under control （受控制） , under treatment （在治疗中） , under repair （在修理中） , under discussion （在讨论中） , under construction （在施工中） 。例 The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名词 ”结构，“出乎 胜过 、范围、限度 ”。常见的有：beyond belief ( 令人难以置信)，beyondone s reac（h鞭长莫及） ，beyond
15、 one s con（tro无l 法控制） ，beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。例 The rumour is beyond belief （=ca nt be believed）3. “above+名词”结构 , 表示“品( 质、行为、能力等 ) 超过 、高于 ”。例 His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praised enough 4“for+名词”结构，表示 “适于 、 为着 ”。如： for sale( 出售), for rent （出租）等。例 That h
16、ouse is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名词 ”结构 ，表示 “在 过程中或范围内 ”常见的有： in print （在印刷中） ，in sight( 在视野范围内 )，等。例 The book is not yet in print (=is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构 , 表示 “在从事 中 ”。常见的有： on sale( 出售)，on show （展出） , on trial （受审）。例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are
17、being showed).7“out of+名词 ”结构 ； 表示 “超出 之外 “，常见的有： out of control ( 控制不了 )，out of sight （超出视线之外） ，out of one s reach够( 不着), out of fashion( 不流行 )等。例 The plane was out of control (can t be controlled) 。8“within+名词 ”结构， “在 内、不超过 ”。例 He took two days off within the teachers permission 七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be
18、+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作； 作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时， be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 The glass is broken （系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked （系表结构）The door hasalready/just been locked （被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态与完成时态外
19、，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态与完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired 八、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1). In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar . (NMET1993)A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served2). This is Ted s phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earth
20、quake.(NMET2002)A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing3). - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. (NMET1991)A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. （上海春 2003 ）A. are not decide
21、d B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided高中英语被动语态5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have been booked2 高考对非谓语动词语态的考查当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时 , 须用被动式。 弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间
22、的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen2). While shopping, people sometimes can t help _ into buying something they don t reaA. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persu
23、aded D. be persuaded3）. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. （上海 2002 ）A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame【强化训练】1. If city noises _ from increasing ，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept ；will have to B are not kept ；haveC do no
24、t keep ；will have to D do not keep ；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes ，it all depends on the weather A Ive been
25、told B Ive told C Im told D I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been c
26、ut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a l
27、ot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the
28、pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write Bto write C to be written D written13. I have no more letters
29、 _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be typed D typed14. Take care! Don t drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wontwash out B. wont be washed out C. isn t washed out D. isn t washing out高中英语被动语态15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up
30、B. give in C. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?- Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky tha
31、t it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didn t know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching专题训练1.Our hous
32、e_,A . is getting paint B . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend .A . was met by B . was met C . was meeting D . met by3.The war_in 1937A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . broke out4.The mistakes in the ex
33、ercises will_the teacher.A . cross B . be crossing C . be crossed by D . cross by5.My brother and I have _her birthday party.A . been invited B . been invited for C . invited to D . been invited to6.It_this way A . is had to do B . is had to be done C . had to be done D . has to do7.It_this way. A u
34、sed to do B . used to be done C . is used to do D . is used to doing8._Chaplin.A . The childs name was called B . The childs name calls C . The child calls D . The child is named9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put off B . is to put off C . is to be put off D . puts off10.Mary realized she_A . was mak
35、ing fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun of D . was being made fun11._to say a thing in that way高中英语被动语态A . It is considers wrong B . It is considered wrong C . It is considered its wrong D . It is consiedring wrong12.He ordered that the books_at once.A . would be printed B . would print C
36、 . be printed D . print13.The story_in ChinA .A . was taken place B . was happened C . took place D . has been taken place14.The house_my parentsA . is belong to B . belong to C . belongs to D . is belonged to15.He_by his teacher.A . happened to see B . was happened to see C . happened to be seen D
37、. was happened to be seen16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings.A . have been taken place, have been set upB . have taken place, have been set upC . have been taken place, have been set upD . were taken place, were set up17.The halls_but its not yet_with lamps.A . furnished, finished B
38、 . been finished, been furnishedC . being finished, being furnished D . set up, full18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here?A . Can it see B . Can it be seen C . Can it seen D . Can see19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_.A . had already taken off B .
39、already took offC . was already taking off D . was already taken off20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_.A . have now been rebuilding B . are now rebuildingC . are now being rebuilt D . are rebuilt now21. If city noises _ from increasing ，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA . are not kept ；
40、will have to B . are not kept；haveC . do not keep；will have to D . do not keep；have to高中英语被动语态22. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A . developed B . have developedC . are being developed D . will have been developed23. - _ the sports meet might be
41、put off - Yes ，it all depends on the weather A . Ive been told B . Ive told C . Im told D . I told24. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A . has completed B . completes C . has been completed D . is completed25. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe eart
42、h in the near future.A . cut B . are cut C . are being cut D . had been cut26. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A . has been designed B . had been designed C . was designed D . would be designed27.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A . breaks B . has
43、 broken C . was broken D . had been broken28. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A . have been taken place; have been set upB . have taken place; have been set upC . have taken place; have set upD . were taken place; were set up29. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A . had costed B . co
44、sted C . is costed D . cost30. - Look! Everything here is under construction.- Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A . is being built B . has been built C . is built D . is building31.- Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is felt高中英语被动语态32. It is
45、difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A . write B . to write C . to be written D . written33. I have no more letters _ ，thank youA . to type B . typing C . to be typed D . typed34. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A . wont wash out B . wont be washed out C . isnt washed out
46、D . isnt washing out35. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A . be put up B . give in C . be turned on D . go out36. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A . belongs B . are belonged to C . belongs to D . belong to37. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A . to read B . to be read C . reading D . being read38. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A . catching B . to be caug
