1、unit3 时态英语动词的时态，按动作发生的先后顺序，可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四个时间；也就是所谓的“时”。按动作发生的状态，又可分为一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种类型，也就是所谓的“态”。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态：1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.一般过去将来时 5.现在进行时 6.过去进行时 7.将来进行时 8.过去将来进行时 9.现在完成时 10.过去完成时 11.将来完成时 12.过去将来完成时 13.现在完成进行时 14.过去完成进行时 15.将来完成进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时 常考时态过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时现在时一般现
2、在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时英语八种基本时态表格时 态 名 称 时 态 构 成一般现在时表示有周期，有规律的动作发生。主语+ am /is/ are 主语+ 动词原形 动词-s/ es一般过去时在过去某一时间点发生的动作主语+was/ were主语+过去式（-ed）一般将来时在将来某时间将要发生的事情。主语+ will +动词原形主语+am/is /are+ going to动词原形过去将来时多用于转述时，描述当时以后某时间要发生的事情。主语+ was/ were going to do主语+ would do现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，强调已经
3、完成，对现在构成影响。区分：一般过去时只强调动作发生在过去，不强调完成，对现在没有影响。主语+ have/has + done(过去分词)过去完成时相对于过去时用。一般都会见到一个过去时态，相对比下，表示“过去的过去”。此时态不单独使用。主语+ had + done (过去分词)现在进行时表示正在进行，正在发生的事情。也有时用于表示短暂的将来要发生的事情。主语+ am/is /are + doing (现在分词)过去进行时在过去某一时间点正在发生的事情。区分： 一般过去时表示在过去某一时间点发生过的事情，而不是正在发生的事情。主语+ was/ were + doingHumourous Mom
4、entsThe Father and His Son Father : You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class.Tom : Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) Presidentof the United States.Who Is the Laziest? Father: Well, Tom, I _
5、(ask) your teacher today, and now I _(want )to ask you a question. Who_( is )the laziest person in your class?Tom: I dont know, Father.Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls_, (read and write) who _(sit) in class and only _ ( watch) how the other people _(work)?Tom: Our teache
6、r, father.一：高考特点 动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，每年试题一般不低于两道。命题思路有三种：1.是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能根据其作出选择；2.是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，而需要结合语境进行判断；3.是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。 在历年有关被动语态的考题中，共涉及了七种基本时态的被动语态，其中以现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时和现在进行时考得最多。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，时态通过be动词表现出来。二：应考策略1.高考命题中往往不会涉及单一的时态，而是更多地侧重于
7、时态的交叉使用和时态干扰。2. 考生答题时要认真研读题干，寻找尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息等等。关于被动语态题，做题时应首先根据主语与谓语的关系确定是否是被动关系，然后再根据有关时间信息确定用哪种时态。3. 还要注意的是不及物动词是不能用于被动语态当中。三 ：时态具体讲解1. 一般现在时（1）考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对
8、一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。即学即练：Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _the Pacific, and we met no storm. Awas called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called（2）表示现在存在着的状态或主语常带有的特征或性格。The main course tastes really good.这道主菜尝起来真的很好吃。(3)表示客观真理、科学事实、格言及其他不受时间限制的客
9、观存在。即学即练：The sun _(rise) in the east and _(set) in the west.太阳东升西落。 My teacher once told me the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of four countries.我的老师曾经告诉我，大不列颠岛由四个部分组成。(4)在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态。I will not go to the party unless I_（invite）.除非受到邀请，否则我不会去参加这个晚会。What wou
10、ld you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on ,since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining(5)表示已经安排或计划好的，将来必定会发生的，或不易改变的动作或存在的状态，如根据飞机、火车、汽车时刻表而来的班次、车次时间等。常用be,come,go,arrive,leave,start,fall,return等动词。His plane_( take) off at 800 a.m.他乘坐的飞机早晨8点起飞。2. 一般过去时一般过去时主
11、要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，常常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last month,in 2005,a few minutes ago,before liberation,just now,last week等。句中没有明确的时间状语，那么在上下文中就一定有表明过去的时间状语或可以体现“动作情况”的概念。一般过去时的主要用法：(1) 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。即学即练：Dinosaurs _ (die)about 65 million years ago.恐龙在约6 500万年前灭绝了。(2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。可以用“used to+动词原形”或
12、“would+动词原形”来表示。When I was a little girl,I used to play in the park.当我是个小女孩的时候，常去那个公园玩。 More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent3.一般将来时（will/shalldo）1.will表示没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的时候才决定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the
13、door.-Oh, Ill close it at once. will表意愿 Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 2. be going to +V，表示将来。主语的意图，即将做某事。 e.g.What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？计划，安排要发生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 有迹象要发生的事
14、。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4. be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。
15、现学现练 - Can I join the club, Dad?- You can when you _ a bit older.A. getB. will getC. are gettingD. will have gotIt _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will know B. is, will knowC. will not be, know D. is, know4. 现在进行时（ bev-ing ）:1. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 Were having a mee
16、ting. （说话时正在进行的动作）2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching in a school. （目前这个阶段正在进行的动作）3. 现在进行时表示将来, 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作 Im leaving tomorrow.4.现在进行时与always/forever/constantly /continuously等连用,表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,e.g.Shes always helping others.注意：不用进行时的动词 1.表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess,
17、cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2.表示心理状态,情感的动词，如know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如
18、： I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。3.瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, 等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。即学即练： Whats the terrible noise？ The neighbo
19、rs _ for a partyA. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepareBecause the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A.has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down Are you still bus？Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long.Ajust finish B. am just finishing
20、Chave just finished D. am just going to finish5. 过去进行时（was/were v-ing ）1. 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作He was playing while I was studying即学即练You were out when I dropped in at your house.Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. A. was waiting B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waitedShirley _a book abou
21、t China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing6.将来进行时（will/shallbe v-ing）1.基本用法:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 When I get home at 9:00 tomorrow, my son will be watching TV.7. 现在完成时（have/hasp.p.）1.基本用法:1影响性用法:表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果, e.g. He
22、 has left the city.（结果:他不在这个城市） Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着）2持续性用法:表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.We have been busy this afternoon.2.用现在完成时的典型场合:1“since过去时间”或“since接that从句（从句中用一般过去时）”则句中用现在完成时,e.g. I havent seen her since last week. Where have you been since I last saw you?2句中有so f
23、ar/in （for/during）the past （last）years（months ）/up to now/until now 。 e.g. So far there has been no news.3“It/This/That is the first （second/third）timethat从句”或“It/This/That is the onlythat从句”或“It/This/That is the 最高级 that从句” e.g.3、对现在完成时的考查现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或sinc
24、e 等短语连用。即学即练 I_(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I _(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _(move) to Pinghu. I_ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _
25、that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A.were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A.has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been ca
26、used The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。Eg. I havent
27、 met him for two years. 现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响Where _the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put8.现在完成进行时构成:
28、 have / has been+ doing概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.即学即练：Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2) - Hi, T
29、racy, you look tired. “- I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 注：现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 I have written an article. I have been writing an article. 2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。I have
30、 lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years.Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。9.过去完成时过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!即学即练： George and Lucy got married last week
31、. Did you go to their wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt inviteBy the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed注：把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。
