1、小学英语语法:名词一名词的定义:1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。如:police,eggs,rice等。|普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。 集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如:family,police,class,people等。 物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不
2、具备确定形状和大小的实物。如:Water,air,milk等。 抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。如:hope,love,spirit。 二可数名词和不可数名词:1.定义:一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。2.可数名词的数:可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,a bird,a teacher,an apple,表示“多个”时用复数。 two birds,five teachers,eight apples. 3.可数名词复数的变化规则.A、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。 B、以s、x、sh、c
3、h结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。 C、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。 D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。 E、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,然后再加-es。
4、如:leaf-leaves,life-lives,knife-knives等。 F、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。这些词有:goose-geese,foot-feet,tooth-teech,man-men,woman-women,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,fish-fish,child-children,ox-oxen4.不可数名词量的表示 不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量,我们于是采用这种方法:a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,如
5、:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。-如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。如:a cup of tea-3 cups of tea,a box of milk-12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper-100 pieces of paper 三.名词所有格 1.表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandmas house”。2.名词所有格的构成有以下规则: A、一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“s”构成。如:Mikes bike迈克的自行车,Toms
6、 books汤姆的书. B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“”如:my parents car我父母的车,our teachers books我们老师的书。 C、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。 如:Jenny and Joans bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;(但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如: Tims and Jacks toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。 D、名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。 如:The doctors(office)医生诊所;my uncles(house)我叔叔的家;The bar
7、bers(shop)理发店。 E、没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。 如:The window of the classroom教室的窗户;the capital of China中国的首都;The weather of ShangHai上海的天气. 名词的练习题一.写出以下单词的复数.I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ wom
8、an_ paper_ juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_二、判断正误。下例表述正确的,在题后横线上打“”,错误的改正并说明其错误原因。 1、sheeps_ 2、buses_ 3、my classmatess father_ 4、a onion_ 5、some boys_ 6、five goose_ 7、two womans_ 8、the childrens toys_9、a map of China_ 10、a paper_ 11、three bottle of water_ 12、two babys_ 13、peachs_ 14、potatoes_ 15、foxs_
9、16、some leafs_ 17、photoes_ 18、dogs_ 19、the classrooms wall_ 20、mouses_ 二、写出下例名词的复数形式 1、monkey _ 2、boy _ 3、duck _ 4、house_ 5、bus _ 6、lady_ 7、sheep _ 8、deer _ 9、child_ 10、foot _ 11、tomato_ 1 2、ox _ 13、desk_ 14、window _ 15、pencil_ 16、dish _ 17、film _ 18、day _ 19、plane _ 20、month _ 21、inch _ 22、village
10、_ 23、city _ 24、family_ 25、knife _ 26、people _ 27、man _ 28、thief _ 29、chinese _ 30、glass _三、根据中文的意思用正确的形式表示所有格。 1、Kate的妈妈 _ 2、Jack的朋友 _ 3、美国的首都 _ 4、孩子们的书包 _ 5、老师们的书 _ 6、笔的颜色 _ 7、我父母的卧室 _ 8、我的朋友的朋友 _ 9、Tom和Kate的爸爸 _ 10、Gogo的姐姐和Jenny的姐姐_ 11、一滴水 _ 12、两杯茶 _ 13、三瓶啤酒 _ 14、四双袜子 _ 15、五块肥皂 _ 16、六名警察 _ 17、七朵花
11、_ 18、八把椅子 _ 19、九只青蛙 _ 20、十双uggs _ 四、完成下例句子。 1、LanLan and I_(是学生). 2、There are _(许多尺子)on the dask. 3、There are_(二十八天)in February this year. 4、Give me _(两瓶兰墨水),please. 5、There are_(五个动物园)in ShangHai. 6、I have _(三个新铅笔盒). 7、He has _(许多老照片). 8、Have you_(两张绿纸) 五、把下例各句改成复数形式。 1、This is a 2、I am a good 3、It
12、 is a greedy 4、He is drawing a 5、There is a baby on the 六、用正确的名词形式填空 1、Lily and Lucy are my_(classmate). 2、There are seven_(sheep). 3、My uncle has two_(child). 4、How many _(subway)are there in ShenZhen 5、Can you give me two bottles of_(water). 6、I brush my_(tooth)three times a day. 7、I have two_(cup
13、)of coffee for breakfast. 8、The_(leaf)turn green in spring. 9、There are some_(policeman)in the police station. 10、The green sweater is his_(brother). 七、选择正确的词填空 1、Those_(fishfishes)are very beautiful. 2、Those hamburgers are_(TomToms). 3、Nina is at_(grandmasgrandma).She went there yesterday. 4、We hav
14、e 16 new_(lightlights). 5、_(The classrooms doorThe classroom)is broken 6、My friend Edward has three_(childchildren). 7、Do you like eating_(ricerices) 8、There are 4_(teacups of tea)on the desk. 9、How many_(wolfswolves)are there 10、I like_(chickenchickens)better than pork 八、选择填空 ()1、We have some_but w
15、e need some_. ; potatos ; potatos. ; potatoes ; potatoes. ()2、The thief has two_. ; ; ; ; ()3、The lion has big_. ; ; ; ; ()4、-Can I help you -yes,Id like some_. ; ; ; ; ()5、Father has_for breakfast. piece of bread; pieces of bread; pieces of breads; piece of breads; ()6、Im need_to drink. bottle of j
16、uice; bottle of juices; bottles of juices; bottles of juice; ()7、There are many_. trees; tree ; trees; tree; ()8、Lily bought_for Marys birthday. pair of ugg boots; pairs of uggs pair of ugg boots; pairs of ugg boots ()9、-How many_can you see in the picture -eight. ()10、About ten_are going to visit t
17、he Chinese Art Museum the day after tomorrow. C. Japanese ()11、This room is too t find_for myself. room room ()12、_love seeing ChengLongs films. ()13、The room is_. and Lily; s and Lily; s and Lilys; and Lilys; ()14、There were many_and there werent_then. ; subwaies. ; subways. ; subways. ; subwaies.
18、()15、Maths_my favorite subject. ()16、Can you give me_ paper papers paper ()17、Whats_name,Peter boy boys ()18、Look at_photo. Is it nice A. Alice s ()19、My brother is reading_. s paper of paper s papers ()20、There are many pictures on_. classrooms walls; walls of the classroom; walls in the classroom.
19、 ()21、That girl is Susan. She is _. friend my sister; friend of my sister friend of my sisters ()22、Is that an_car ()23、-Can we put_here-Yes,Please. coats coat coat ()24、She must look after those_. ()25、-Whats your name,please-My name is_. Ying Hua; Yinghua; ; ()26、Where are_ teachers rooms; teachers room room of the teachers;