1、 动词及动词时态实义动词1） 及物动词a.动词后要求有宾语，否则意思不完整的动词。及物动词可有被动结构。1 She studies English very hard.2 I always review my lessons in the evening.b. 及物动词的另两种结构及物动词中有少数动词要求一个宾语（直接宾语）外，还要求有一个宾语（间接宾语），才使句意完整。这类动词有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。Ill tell you a story about Leifeng. 还有少数动词要求一个宾语外
2、，还要求有一个补足语来使句意完整。这类动词有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。They call him Lao Wang.2) 不及物动词不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。1. The sun rises in the east.2. He came last month.3. They go to school every day.3)连系动词连系动词只起连系作用，虽有词义但不能单独作谓语，后必须加表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, g
3、o, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。1. She felt a bit tired.2. He kept silent at the meeting. 注：连系动词不可与副词连用。时态1） 一般现在时用法：1 经常性动作等。常与everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等连用。She is our teacher of English.2 真理和事实。Light travels faster than sound.3 有计划的动作，
4、常用go, come, start, leave, arrive, return等动词。I leave for Beijing next Monday.4 代替一般将来时，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引导的时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。When I grow up I shall be a soldier.5 动作正在发生，用在由here, there等开首的句子中，表示现在正在发生。There goes the bell.6 表示主语的习惯特征，性格，能力等。He studies very hard.7 一般的说明文字等。
5、The book says that women can live longer than men.2）一般过去时1 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。She went out just now.I saw him yesterday.2 表示过去经常发生的动作。Last month she worked eleven hours every day.He used to get up early.3)一般将来时1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。I shall not be free tonight.2 表示将来经常发生的动作。We will go for a
6、n outing every other week.3 表示将来动作的其他形式a. be going to+ 动词原形b. be to+动词原形c. be about(around/sure/certain/due/bound) to+动词原形4)过去将来时1 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。I didnt expect that so many people would offer their help.2 也可用was/were to+动词原形或was/were about to+动词原形或was/were going to+动词原形表示过去将来时。I was about
7、to leave when the telephone rang.5)现在进行时1 表示正在进行的动作。What are you doing now?2 表示即将发生的动作.She is leaving tomorrow.3 表示现阶段正在进行的动作.More and more people are giving up smoking.4 表示反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常表示不满,抱怨,赞赏等.She is always finding fault with others.6)过去进行时1. 过去某一时刻在进行的动作经常需要表示过去的时间状语This time yesterday, they
8、were having lunch.2.过去进行时常与一般现在时配合，互为时间背景I was writing a letter when he came.The telephone rang while she was washing.3.过去反复的动作，常同always, frequently, continually等连用They were frequently going there.)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常表示安排好的事They will be discussing the problem this time next week. 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生
9、的动作The train will not be leaving until one oclock.8)现在完成时1. 表示动作刚刚完成.I have finished that work.2. 表示过去做的动作对现在仍有影响.Who has opened the door?3. 表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在并且可能会延续下去.He has worked in the company since he came to the city.9)过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200
10、000cars. 表示在过去某一时间开始一直延续到另一个过去的时间的动作The old man had been ill for a long time before he died in 2002.注：当含有由before, after, as soon as等引导的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的顺序，故主句和从句一般都用一般过去时I went home after I finished my work.过去完成时常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcelywhen等句型，从句用一般过去时He had hardly got on the train wh
11、en the train started out.10)将来完成时表示将来某一时刻或某一行为发生之前所完成的动作或这一动作仍在持续常和by或by the time等连用By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.）现在完成进行时 表示从过去某时一直持续到现在的一个动作It has been snowing since last Sunday. 重复的动作表示感情色彩Shes been saying that twenty times. 已结束的动作所产生的影响You have been cleaning the class
12、room, I think.）过去完成进行时表示过去某时以前一直进行的一个动作这一动作可能在这一时间前刚结束或仍在进行.No one knew what this dad egg had been doing all this years.ExerciseTests from NMET1. -where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. -I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; have put
13、D. were you putting; have put2. -When _ again? -When he _, Ill let you know.A. he comes; come B. will he come; will comeC. havent known; are D. will he come; comes3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC.
14、 enjoyed D. had been enjoying4. Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. had been broken into; stolen5. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.A
15、. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen6. We could have walked to the station. It was so near. - Yes, taxi _ at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. serves D. served7. If city noises _ from increasing, p
16、eople _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. was slipping; looked 8. The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; pickedC. had seen; picked D. saw; was
17、 picking9. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served10. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lostC. think; had lost D. had they known; got11. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 9568
18、442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant12. Helen _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would come13. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C
19、. be turned on D. go out14. They _ the train until it disappeared in distance.A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed15. - Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to- Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont16. News reports say peace talks between the two countri
20、es _ with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken upKEY:15: BDABD 610:AADBB 1116:ADDBDAMultiple choices:1. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have hears from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt writeC. wont write D. hadnt written2. Mary
21、 _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is makingC. was making D. makes3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market,_ some bananas anf visited her cousin.A. bought B. buyingC. to buy D. buy4. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rainsC. rained D. is raining5.
22、 -We havent heard of Jane for a long a time. -What do you suppose _to her?A. was happening B. to happenC. has happened D. having happened6. -Do you know our town at all? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. was B. have beenC. came D. am coming7. - You havent said a word about my new coat, do you like
23、 it? - Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont sayC. wont say D. didnt say8. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ officer soon.A. leave B. would leaveC. left D. had left9. I _ pingpong quite well, but I havent had time to p
24、lay since the new year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play10. He will have learned English for eight year by the time he _from the university next year.A. will graduate B. will have graduatedC. graduates D. is to graduate11. Tom _ back from France. Yesterday he _ about it.A. just comes; tol
25、d B. has just come; told meC. came just; was told me D. just has come; was telling12. He said, “_ much sand in the south of France.”A. There arent B. It isntC. It wasnt D. There isnt13. You shall have some ice-cream when you _ you dinner.A. finished B. finishC. will finish D. will be finished14. Tho
26、mas could fix your car. That _ you quite a lot of money.A. saved B. has savedC. would save D. was saving15. “Come back at 5 oclock,” he said, “Ive already _.”A. will be done B. has been doneC. is being done D. was being done16. Maria hasnt visited her home in Spain _.A. for many years B. since many
27、yearsC. many years since D. many years ago17. When _ the car, youll agree with me about it.A. you saw B. youve seenC. you would see D. has been seen18. By next Saturday Tom _ a whole month without smoking a cigar.A. will go B. will have gone C. has gone D. has been going19. By the time he reached th
28、e dentist, the pain in his tooth _.A. stopped B. had stoppedC. Has stopped D. as been stopped20. The old man _ for three days when his son got back home.A. has been dead B. had been dead C. died D. had diedKEY:15: ACABC 610:BDBDC 1115:BDBCA 1620:ABBBBFill in the blanks:1. Much of the carbon in the e
29、arth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991,
30、after the Gulf War, Bushs approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _ (begin) in the 19302.6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should.7. So far, Irving _ (live) in New York City fo
31、r ten years.8. The patient _ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9. The second half of the nineteenth century _ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 10. All the worries they might have felt for him _ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerful face. Key: es 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数2. has expanded 现在完成时3. has been 现在完成时4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式5.began 一般过去时6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数7. has been living 现在完成进行时8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式9. witnessed 一般过去时10. were driven 一般过去时的被动
