1、动词概述表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词Love, make后跟宾语不及物动词Go, rise后不跟宾语连系动词Be, look后跟表语助动词Be, have, do, shall, will, did本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can, may, mist本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语一、 实义动词及物动词与不及物动词根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi .They study hard. I know them well. 注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用
2、作不及物动词。如：She sings very well.She sang an English song just now. 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，_不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?She began working as a librarian after she left school.When did they leave Chicago?They left last week. 短语：动态动词和静态动词动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、
3、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。延续性动词和非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是
4、非延续性动词。注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：译他离开这里三天了。误He has left here for three days. 正He has been away from here for three days. 正He left here three days ago. 正Its three days since he left. 限定动词与非限定动词限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。The room needs cleaning. 二、连系动词系动词亦称连系动词
5、，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。Be： He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine. 2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He
6、seems (to be) very sad. 4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，The rumor pr
7、oved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）7使役动词：let,have,make 使，让Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事Have sth done 让某物被做My mother
8、 haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词) He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词) They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词) They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时) 三、 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语
9、动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesnt like English.（doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，do(did,does).*do(does, did) 的用法（1）构成疑问句或否定句(How) did you know ? He does not smoke. （2）加强语气。He did tell that.Do come and see us.（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。
10、-You like popular music, dont you? -Yes , I do.He speaks French as fluently as she does.（4）用于倒装句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.Only then did I understand the importance of English.（5）构成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.Do not hesitate to come for help.情态动词Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,w
11、ould,need,dear,have to, ought to. 1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. may not 3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?-Sorry, I cant. I _ take care o
12、f my little sister at home because my mother is ill.A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river.A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrownC. cant
13、throw D. may not throw 6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?-No, you _. You must finish your homework first.A. mustnt B. may not C. couldnt D. neednt 7. -Where is Jack, please ? -He _ be in the reading room.A. can B. need C. would D. mustA. musnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt 8. -Mum, may I watch
14、 TV now?-Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first.A. can B. may C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss.A. could B. didnt have to C. might D. shouldnt 10. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isnt very sure about it.A. must B. can C.
15、 will D. may 11. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult.A. can B. may C. must D. need 12. Its still early. You _.A.mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurryC. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry 13. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. ca
16、nt B. couldnt C. may not D. might not 14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should15. _ I know your name?A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must16. I _ like to know where you were born.A. shall B. should C. do D. may17. _ you be happy!A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. MayCADCB CACBD CDACA CDCDA CA
