1、英语语法-名词（一） 可数名词和不可数名词1 什么是不可数名词？ 1）物质名词 glass, tea 2）抽象名词 beauty, youth 3) 科学名称 physics, maths练习：找出不可数名词boot tear knowledge money wood chicken musichomework bread blood dress news milk dustman2不可数名词变成可数名词1）词义发生改变timetimes work-works woodwoods sandsands clothclothes glassglasses2) 加量词 a glass of wate
2、r , two pieces of paper练习；填入恰当的量词a _ of good news (条) a _ of trousers (条)a _ of advice ( 条) a _ of coffee (杯 )a _ of oil (滴) a _ of time (段)a _ of matches (盒) a _ of glasses (副)a _ of chocolate (条) a _ of ink (瓶)a _ of tea (壶) two _ of fish (盘)three _ of rice (袋) four _ of furniture (件)five _ of sug
3、ar (磅) six _ of clothes (套)3可数名词的复数构成A. 规则变化构成法例词一般情况在词尾加_desk-desks picture-pictures以_ _ _ _结尾加 _bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches 以辅音+_结尾，变_为_加 _baby-babies family-families country-countries以辅音+ _结尾加_tomoto-tomatoes potato-potatoes Negro-Negroesvolcano-volcanoes 黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿以元音+ _
4、结尾加_radio -radios photo-photos以_或_结尾，变_/_ 为_, 加 _life-lives leaf-leaves half-halves为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。1）shoe 2) orange 3) eye 4) month 5) fox 6) match 7) city 8) class 9) family 10) country 11) boy 12) key 13) leaf 14) thief 15)hero 16)photoB. 不规则变化1. 单复同形 deer sheep
5、fish Chinese Japanese means2. 只有复数形式 people police cattle clothes trousers, glasses3. 不规则变化man- men woman- women foot - feet tooth-teethmouse -mice child-children German-Germans4. 复合名词的复数1) 将后一部分变成复数 Englishman-Englishmen gentleman-gentlemen policewoman-policewomen grown-up-grown-ups 2) 将主要成分变成复数 lo
6、oker-on-lookers-on son-in-law-sons-in-law 3) 如果前一词是man, woman，将两部分都变成复数 men doctors women singers练习：roof_ woman driver_ step-mother_sheep _ Japanese _ sister-in-law_（二） 名词所有格（表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者）1. 表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加sthe teachers praise the cats food James dog the dogs food2. 表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来
7、表示the leg of the desk the cover of the magazine3. 在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。two months time todays newspaper fifty pounds weight4. 表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop, home.the doctors the tailors my uncles the barbers5. 名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示a friend of Johns that bike of Toms6. 某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+s
8、 .Jane and Freds mother Janes and Freds motherTom and Tims car Toms and Tims car（三） 名词的用法名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。 1、The story is very interesting. ( ) 2、I am drawing a picture. ( )3、 My brother is a doctor. ( ) 4、Your pencil box is so nice. ( )（四） 主谓一致1. 主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。He is a student. We are st
9、udents.2. and 连接两个名词，看有无the.The professor and writer is going to give us a lecture of writing.The professor and the writer are going to our school.3. A number of和The number of后的谓语。The number of people was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.4. 主语+ with/as well as/ but/excep
10、t/besides/including +主语，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift. All the teachers as well as the students (be) invited to the party. 5以 either or , neither nor , not only but also ，notbut等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应按照就近原则。Either you or he _(be) to go . Not only
11、 he but also I _(be) wrong .Neither the children nor the teacher _ (know) anything about it.6. There be 句型就近原则。There _ a pair of glasses on the desk. There _ two patients and a nurse in the hospital.7. 有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。Two weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work . 1000 do
12、llars _ (be ) a large amount of money.8.某些集体名词，如family ,team 等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也类似His family _(be) a happy family. The whole family _(be) having lunch. The population of China _
13、(be)very large. All the world _(be) waiting for the good news.9. 成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与a pair一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。10each , every+名词，谓语用单数。 Each boy and girl _(want) to serve the people in the future.11. 几分之几/百分之几+of +名词单数/ 复数+ 谓语单数/ 复数Three-fifths of money _ (ha
14、ve) been used up. Two thirds of the students _ (be) girl students.12. one of +复数名词 +谓语复数 the only/the very one of + 复数名词 +谓语单数He is one of the boys that have passed the maths test.She is the only one of the girls who has finished reading in time.基础练习1. In his speech, he gave us _ on how to learn a f
15、oreign language.A. some advice B. some advices C. several advices D. an advice2. Thank you very much for giving us _ on this matter.A. these informations B. so many informations C. an information D. so much information3. -Where did you have your supper? - _.A. With my sister B. At my sister C. At my
16、 sister home D. At my sisters4. She is from _. She is _.A. Germany; a Germany B. German; a Germany C. the Germany; German D. Germany; a German5. He bought a _ of trousers. They were expensive.A. piece B. set C. pair D. pile6. The town is about _ ride from here. You ought to start right away.A. two h
17、our B. two hours C. two hours D. two-hours7. A _ of money has been spent on the building.A. great deal B. good many C. plenty D. great number8. _ been made in science since then.A. A great progress has B. Great progresses have C. Great progress has D. Many progresses have9. We must help _.A. a blind
18、 B. the blind C. people D. the people blind10. The great writer and solider _.A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese11. At present, Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.A. is B. are C. being D. was 12. This is not my dictionary. It
19、is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. of Mary D. the book of Mary13. There are twenty _and forty nurses in the hospital.A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor14. _ came to our school yesterday.A. The Williams B. The Williams C. Williams D. The William15. Twenty miles _ a long way to wa
20、lk.A. are B. is C. has been D. be提高练习1. The whole class _ greatly moved at his words.A. is B. had C. were D. was2. The glasses _ mine. That pair of glasses _ my brothers.A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is3. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have known B. knows C. is known
21、D. are known 4. Half of the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are5. Each of the footballers _ over 150 pounds.A. weigh B. weighs C. weights D. were weighing6. The singer and pianist _ asked to make a speech at the meeting yesterday.A. is B. was C
22、. are D. were 7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. is B. was C. are D. were8. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them9. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleani
23、ng B. are cleaning C. were cleaning D. have cleaned10. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _good painters.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is11. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are h
24、anding out D. is to hand out12. More than 60 percent of worlds radio programs _ in English.A. is B. was C. are D. be13. The wounded _ good care of here now.A. is taking B. are taking C. are being taken D. is taken14.One sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ devoted
25、 to writing.A. comes; is B.come; are C. come; is D. comes; are15. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is16. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her pa
26、rents, _ moved to Paris.A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has17. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. was B. were C. have been D. would be18. Many people say 10,000 _ a lot of money.A. dollar is B. dollars are C. dollars is D. dollar are19. The numb
27、er of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. own.are B. ownis C. ownsis D. ownsare20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _ never late for school. A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is 一、基础练习1、There are only twelve _in the hospital.A. woman doct
28、orsB.women doctors C.women doctorD.woman doctor2、Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school.A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law3、How many _ does a cow haveFour. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies4、Some_visited our school last Wednesday.A
29、.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens5、The_ of the building are covered with lots of .A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found three_ missing.A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies7、That was a fifty_ engine.A.horse power B.horses power C.horse
30、 powersD.horses powers8、My father often gives me _A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice9、Mary broke a _while she was washing up.A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.teas cup D.cup teas10、Can you give us some _ about the writer?A.informations B.information C.piece of informations D.piec
31、es information11、I had a cup of _and two pieces of_ this morning.A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread12、As is known to us all, _ travels much faster than _.A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights13、She told him of all her _ and _A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C
32、.hopes; fears D.hope; fears14、The rising _have(has) a lot of _to the crops.A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms15、How far away is it from here to your school?”-About _ .A.half an hour”s driveB.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive16、The shirt isn”t mine.
33、 It”s _ .A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths D.Mrs Smith”s17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _.A.Marys mother B.Marys mothers C.Mary mothers D.Marys mothers18、Last week I called at my _Last week I called at my _. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunts D.auntes19、The beach is a _throw.A.stone B.stones C.stones D.stone
34、s20、I can hardly imagine _sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.Peters B.Peter C.Peters D.Peters二、提高练习1. It won”t make much _ whether you agree or not. A. difficulty B. trouble C. difference D. matter2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began. A. cause B. problem C.
35、 reason D. puzzle3. You must get there within an hour. There should be no _ in sending this information to him. A. question B. problem C. quarre D. delay4. I can”t give you the card without Smith”s _. A. agreement B. allowing C. permission D. perfomance5. What impressed me most was that they never l
36、ost _. A. hearts B. heart C. their heart D. their hearts6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any _ of what I said. A. remark B. observation C. attention D. notice7. I went to buy a _ of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examin
37、ation so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _.A. intention B. purpose C. attempt D. Desire9. There are usually at least two _ of looking at every question.A. means B. directions C. views D. Ways10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _.A. fact B. reality C. practic
38、e D. deed11. She is young for the job, but on the other _, she is well trained.A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand12. The most important_ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. point B. sense C. spot D. view13. - I”d like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.- Well, you could have _ wo
