1、高考英语语法复习之状语从句 翻译下列句子，指出句子中的状语从句1.Great changes have taken place in China in the last few decades.1什么是状语从句？什么是状语从句？最近几十年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。句中无状语从句。2.Whoever breaks the law shall be punished.3.Being ill,she had to remain at home.1 任何违背了法律的人必定受到惩罚。句中无状语从句。因为生病，她只好留在家里。句中无状语从句。4.There is life where there is
2、water.1 有水的地方就有生命。句中where there is water为地点状语从句。1 状语从句有两个特征：必须在句中作状语；必须是句子作状语。因此，在句中作状语，修饰句子或动词等的从句叫状语从句。翻译下列句子，指出画线部分状语从句的类别1.Every_time_I_see_action_movies_acted_by_Jackie_Chan,_I would get excited.2状语从句有哪些类别？状语从句有哪些类别？每当我看成龙演的动作片时，我会很兴奋。Every time I see action movies acted by Jackie Chan 作时间状语。2.
3、You should have put away the book where_you_took_it.3.T h e h i g h e r i n c o m e t a x i s h a r m f u l in_that_it_may_discourage_people_from_trying_to_earn_more.2 你应该把书放回原处。where you took it作地点状语。所得税高是有害的，它让人不想去赚更多的钱。in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more作原因状语。4.The boss aske
4、d the secretary to hurry up with the letters so_that_he_could_sign_them.5.He got up so early that_he_caught_the_first_bus.2 老板要秘书赶快送交那些信件以便他能签发。so that he could sign them作目的状语。他起得很早因此他赶上了第一班车。that he caught the first bus作结果状语。6.You will certainly succeed so_long_as_you_keep_on_trying.7.Much_as_I_res
5、pect_him,_I cant agree to his proposal.2 只要你不断尝试，你当然会成功。so long as you keep on trying作条件状语。虽然我非常尊敬他，但我不同意他的建议。much as I respect him作让步状语。8.Food is to man what_oil_is_to_industry.9.The employee behaved as_if_he_were_the_boss.2 食物之于人正如石油之于工业。what oil is to industry作比较状语。这个员工表现得像老板似的。as if he were the
6、boss作方式状语。2 状语从句一般分为九大类别：时间状语从句；地点状语从句；原因状语从句；目的状语从句；结果状语从句；条件状语从句；让步状语从句；比较状语从句和方式状语从句。翻译下列句子，指出句中的从属连词类别并总结各类状语从句1.The teacher is more strict with us than he used to be.3引导状语从句从属连词有哪些？引导状语从句从属连词有哪些？老师比以前更加严格要求我们。从属连词than表比较。2.Do as youre told to.3.Whoever does the job,well pay him or her by the jo
7、b.3 按照吩咐的去做。从属连词as表方式。无论谁干这项工作，我们都发计件工资。从属连词whoever表让步。4.The system wont work unless all of us strictly stick to it.5.The_first_time I came to the city,I became interested in its snacks.3 除非我们都严格遵守这项制度，它才会生效。从属连词unless表条件。第一次来这个城市，我就对它的小吃感兴趣。从属连词the first time表时间。6.The school is situated where there
8、 used to be a factory.7.Since there is no time left,lets go on with the topic next time.3 学校坐落在原来是座工厂的地方。从属连词where表地点。既然没时间了，我们下次再继续谈这个话题。从属连词since表原因。8.Always be in high spirits so_that you can face all the difficulties positively.9.He takes regular mild exercise so_that he is quite healthy.3 总是情绪高
9、昂以便你能积极面对各种困难。从属连词so that表目的。他经常做温和型运动，所以很健康。从属连词so that表结果。3引导各类状语从句的从属连词分别为：时间状语从句：when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until,the minute,the moment,the second,every time，each time,the first time，the instant,immediately,directly，instantly,no sooner than，hardly when，scarcely when地点状语从句：w
10、here,wherever3原因状语从句：because,since,as,now that,seeing that,in that目的状语从句：so that,in order that,lest,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that 结果状语从句：so that，so that，such that，to the degree that,to the extent that3条件状语从句：if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/prov
11、ided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that 让步状语从句：though,although,even if,even though,as(须倒装)，while(放句首)，no matter，whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever，whetheror3 比较状语从句：(as)as,not as/soas，than，the more the more，A is to B what/as X is to Y；方式状语从句：as,as if,as though 翻译下列句
12、子，找出其从属连词1.On condition that you return the book on time,you can keep it for 2 weeks.4引导状语从句从属连词形式上有什么特点？引导状语从句从属连词形式上有什么特点？假如你按时归还这本书，你可以借两个星期。句中从属连词：on condition that。2.The second I heard the cry for help,I rushed out of room to see what was happening.3.Considering nobody is absent,we are more lik
13、ely to win the game.4 我一听到呼救声，我就冲出房间看个究竟。句中从属连词：the second。鉴于无人缺席，我们赢得比赛的把握更大。句中从属连词：considering that。4.Its a long time since we last saw each other.5.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.4 我们好久不见了。句中从属连词：since。带把雨伞去吧，以防下雨。句中从属连词：in case。6.Provided everything goes well,the project will hopeful
14、ly come to an end this June.4 假如一切顺利，这个工程可望今年6月竣工。句中从属连词：provided。4 状语从句中从属连词在形式上具有如下特点：在数量上，可能是一个单词，也可能是短语。从属连词本身可以是连词，也可由其他词类转化而来。因而，从属连词在原始词性上，可能是连词，如since；可能是名词，如the minute,the moment,the second,every time，each time,the first time，the instant；可能是副词，如immediately，directly，instantly；可能是现在分词，如suppos
15、ing(that),4providing(that)；可能是过去分词，如given that；还可能是介词短语，如in case(that)。根据提示，完成下列句子，注意状语从句与主句的时态关系根据提示，完成下列句子，注意状语从句与主句的时态关系1.When I arrived at the airport,the plane _(起飞了)【解析】had taken off主句“起飞”动作发生在从句动作“到达”之前。5状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系？状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系？had taken off5 2.What are you going to be _(当你长大时)?【解析】wh
16、en you grow up从句动作“长大”与主句状态动词“干什么”同时发生，均用将来时态。但此处从句动词时态为一般式表将来。when you grow up5 3.She burst into tears as soon as she_ (被告知)of her failure in the interview.【解析】was informed在as soon as 引导的“一就”句型中，从句动作与主句动作衔接紧凑，可理解为(几乎)同时发生。was informed5 4.Because I _(进行)a conversation with my parents,we reached bett
17、er understanding of each other.【解析】had had从句谓语动词动作have先于主句谓语动词动作reach发生。had had5 从句与主句的时态关系是通过从句与主句的谓语动词动作(或状态)发生的时间关系来确定的：从句谓语动词动作(或状态)先于主句谓语动词动作(或状态)发生；从句谓语动词动作(或状态)与主句谓语动词动作(或状态)同时发生；从句谓语动词动作(或状态)后于主句谓语动词动作(或状态)发生。因此，从句和主句各自的时态应该彼此参照使用，注意彼此时态在逻辑意义上的一致性。但要注意在时间状语5从句和条件状语从句中，一般式表将来。如：When you come(
18、不用will come)here tomorrow,I will be on the way to Shanghai；If I succeed(不用will succeed)in passing the exam next month,Ill be no longer stressed.时间状语从句的从属连词时间状语从句的从属连词when,while，as用法上有何区别？用法上有何区别？根据句子意思选择最佳词语(when,while，as)填空(每空一词)1._she came in,I was watching TV.2.Would you please look after my pet
19、dog _I was away on business?6whileWhen 3.The head teacher laughed _he spoke.Obviously,he was satisfied with our performance.6 as6 表示“当时候”时，when可接短暂性或延续性动词，既可表点时间，也可表段时间；while只能接延续性动作，表段时间；as强调两个动作同时发生，常译为“一边一边”。原因状语从句的从属连词原因状语从句的从属连词as,since,because用法上有何区别？用法上有何区别？根据句子意思选词(as,since,because)填空(每空一词)1
20、.It is _ he is ill that he isnt here celebrating your birthday.2._ you have known the truth from head to toe,I wont give any explanation.7 because Since 3._ the weather is not so helpful,we had better prepare two plans in advance.7 As7 表达原因时，使用as,since，because等从属连词，它们的区别主要是语气上的区别，但在实际运用中，语气是很难把握的东西，
21、因此掌握相关句式和含义是关键。because语气最强，表示与结果直接相关的原因，可译为“(正/就是)因为”，所以常用于强调句型或回答why引导的问题。since表示顺承关系，表达说话者认为合乎情理的逻辑推断，可译为7 “既然(就)”，此时用法上相当now that。as语气比较弱，常译为“由于”，不强调原因时，有时可与because通用。特别注意，也可以表示原因，但它是并列连词，用法上注意两点：不放句首(语气弱)；引出补充说明的原因，不必直接翻译成“因为”。如：Come up to me,for I have something important to tell you(过来，我有要事对你讲
22、)让步状语从句的从属连词让步状语从句的从属连词though,although,as,while用法上有何用法上有何区别？区别？根据句子意思选词(though,although,as,while)填空 1._ the Internet has so many conveniences,it also has a lot of inconveniences.2._ the actress is beautiful,I dont like her.8 While/Though/Although Though/Although 3.Child _ he is,he is the first Chine
23、se to travel across Europe alone by bike.8 as/though 8 表达让步含义时，常用从属连词though,although,as,while引导让步状语从句。while强调对比，只能放句首，以引出相对或相反的情况，译为“在同时，却(有相反的情况)”，此时可以用though或although替换。though与although大部分情况下可以互相替换，既可放句首，也可放句末。as 引导让步状语从句必须倒装，此时可以用though替换，但不可用although替换。时间状语从句的从属连词时间状语从句的从属连词till,until用法上有何区别？用法上有
24、何区别？根据句子意思填空(till,until)选词1.Yesterday,I waited for you at the bus station _ 4 oclock in the afternoon.2._ you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.9 until/till Until 3.Not _ the war ended did he return home.4.It was not_ the result of the exam was announced that he realized he had organized
25、time badly.9 until until9 这两个连词意义基本相同。两个连词均可用于肯定形式，表示“做某事直至某时”，此时动词是延续性的。在否定形式表达“直至某时才做某事”时只能用until，此时动词为非延续性。另外注意表示“直到 才”意义的倒装句型和强调句型。10 状语从句中状语从句中“一般式表将来一般式表将来”的含义是什么？的含义是什么？根据汉语提示，完成句子1.当你明天早上8点赶到机场时，我派车来接你。_at 8 oclock tomorrow morning,Ill send a car to pick you up.When you arrive at the airport
26、 2.妈妈说假如我在英语演讲比赛拿到一等奖，就送我出国深造。Mum said _ in the English Speaking Contest,I would be sent abroad to make further study.3.假如你明天完成了所有任务，你可以提前回家。_，you can go home ahead of time.10if I took the first place If you have finished all your tasks tomorrow 在时间状语或条件状语从句中，时态上常用一般式表将来，“一般式表将来”包括三方面含义：一般现在时表一般将来时(见上述句1)；一般过去时表过去将来时(见上述句2)；现在完成时表将来完成时(见上述句3)。10
