1、形态(构象)大小(分子量)远程结构(二级结构)化学结构近程结构(一级结构)高分子链结构织态液晶态取向态非晶态晶态高分子聚集态结构C H2HXCn两 者 互 为 旋 光 异 构 体H2CCH2XHHXCH2H2CCC240mT175mT1,4加成的聚丁二烯加成的聚丁二烯5/9nAL5/11nBLnBnALLR/(200线支0202/ggRRg支化度愈大,支化度愈大,g愈小。愈小。树枝树枝状状聚合物聚合物Dendrimers树形大树形大Dendritic Macromolecules超支化聚合物超支化聚合物Hyperbranchedpolymers总单元数末端单元支化单元DBCH2CCHCH2CH
2、3SCH2CCHCH2CH3CH2CCHCH2CH3SS 正丁烷的内旋转势能曲线)exp(kTE)exp(kTllp)exp(1)exp(kTnnlkTlLlxp)Eexp(0kTp P1A2A4l1l2l3l4l5ln-1lnA0A1A3A5An-2An-1Annnlllh21jijiiijijilllllh22,2 11121122)2(ninijjininjjieenleelh211122)2(nleenlhninijji202nlhdhhedhhWh2304)(22022023nl02202)(nldhhWhh202ZbhZbL 022hLZLhb02或2/102)/(MhALhb02
3、iiiiigmsmR/22数学分析证明,对于自由结合链、自由旋转链和等效自由结合链,当分子量为无限大时,其均方末端距与均方旋转半径间存在着同样的关系:2206gRh)2(1)(11122121222iiiiiiigrsrsNrsNsNmsmR0)(11iiirsNrssijjiiiiiijjigrrrNNrrNrrrNNR2222112112/)(222ijjijirrrrrNjiijijijjijijjiiiijijjiigrNrNrrrNrNNrrrrNNR12222222222222221211)21)(21)(211CARMRKCg2222222sin31611cos1limcos1cos1coscoscos12lzalllllznnn)1(/aLeaz)1(12/2aLeLaaLhaLeLaLaaRaLg31)1(2/22220,/aLeaL1/,aLaL0,/aLeaL1/,aLaLaLaaLh2222220/22212)/(3/1LaLaLLhaL12/1230)/(5/112220/222hLaLaLLRaLg6366313233222haLLaLaLaaLRg 11121122)2(ninijjininjjieenleelhcos1cos1)cos1()cos1(cos2cos1cos12222nlnlhn对聚乙烯等 cos=1/3,2,22nlhrf