1、 Verb Tenses(时态时态)&Voices(语态）语态）时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的常考的时态为时态为：一般现在时、一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时行时、一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时过去将来时等等。2、时间、条件、让步时间、条件、让步等等状语从句状语从句中动词的时态；中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。
2、3、延续性动词延续性动词和和终止性动词终止性动词的用法区别。的用法区别。4、及物动词（及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。的被动语态。5、某些以、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。的用法。1)表习惯性的动作或状态表习惯性的动作或状态,常与表示频率的时间状语连常与表示频率的时间状语连用用,如如always,often/usually/frequently,sometimes,every,at,on Sundays/.I _(study)hard abroad every day and I _(get)along well with my roommates,but som
3、etimes I _(miss)my families.studygetmiss.一一.一般现一般现在时在时(The Present Indefinite)句子结构：句子结构：主语（主语（S）+谓语（谓语（V./V-es/s）+宾语宾语 Correct the sentence.The geography teacher told us that the earth moved around the sun._2)表客观事实、普遍真理。表客观事实、普遍真理。注意：注意：主语为第三人称单数（主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个的人名、或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）单个的事物名称）谓语动词
4、谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形语动词用原形.moves动词变三单动词变三单：动词第三人称单数的变化规则：、一般情况下，词尾加s，如；like-likes,want-wants.、以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的加es，如，watch-watches,go-goes。辅音+y要变y为i+es如study-studiesThe shop will close at 9:00 p.m._3)表示按表示按计划、规定，时间表计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状将要发生的动作或存在的状态态,一般用于一般用于,come,go,start,begin,leave,arri
5、ve,return等等位移位移/终止性动词终止性动词，常与时间状语连用，常与时间状语连用The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.When does the bus start?It starts in 2 minutes.closes一般现在时的典型例句一般现在时的典型例句lProfessor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.lIf it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.3.Remember to
6、send me a photo of us next time you write to me.注意一些特殊的连词注意一些特殊的连词 until,as soon as，the moment,immediately;as long as,unless4.There comes the bus.汽车来了 There goes the bell.铃响了 2)表示目前表示目前这段时间这段时间内正在进行的动作内正在进行的动作,但说话时但说话时动作未必正在进行。动作未必正在进行。We _(have)English class now.are havingShe _(learn)piano under Mr
7、.Smithat present.is learning句子结构：句子结构：主语主语+谓语谓语（is/am/are+v-ing）+宾语宾语动词动词ing变化规则变化规则1.通常在动词后加ing。如 playplaying2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加ing。如 makemaking 3.以辅元辅辅元辅结尾的动词，双写末尾字母，再加ing。如 runrunning,cut,begin,shut 4.以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加ing。如 lielying 注：travel/quarrel可双写l，也可不双写。如 traveltravelling/traveling 5.refer re
8、ferring,prefer,occur l Translate the sentence.l这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。The girl is always talking loud in public.进行时态与进行时态与 always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/all the time等频度副词连用，表经常反等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作动作,多用于多用于位移位移/终
9、止性动词终止性动词,如如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,take off.I_(leave)tomorrow._ you _(stay)here till next week?am leavingArestayingl4.现在进行时可以表示现在现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化不断发展变化的事的事情。情。lIts late Autumn.The weather is getting colder and colder.lAll the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School._belongl(1)表心理状态
10、、情感的动词表心理状态、情感的动词：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,agree,mean,needl(2)表存在的状态动词表存在的状态动词：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。l(3)瞬间动词瞬间动词：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。l(4)感官动词感官动词：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。【注意注意】一般情况下，下面一般情况下，
11、下面4类动词无进行时态：类动词无进行时态：l现在进行时典型句型现在进行时典型句型lHe is always asking me the same question.Thats boring！2.-Do you work here？-No，Im just helping out until the new secretary comes.l暂时性暂时性动作和动作和经常性经常性动作动作The computer is working perfectly.l计算机运转得很好。（暂时）计算机运转得很好。（暂时）The computer works perfectly.l计算机运转很好。（一直如此）计算机
12、运转很好。（一直如此）l 持续性动作和持续性动作和短暂性短暂性动作动作 The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）车停了下来。（渐渐地）The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）车停了。（迅速）l 暂时性动作和暂时性动作和永久性动作永久性动作 She is living in the country.她现在住在农村。（暂时）她现在住在农村。（暂时）She lives in the country.她住在农村。（永久）她住在农村。（永久）l 有感情色彩和有感情色彩和没有感情色彩没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）他在
13、学校表现很好。（赞扬）He does well at school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）三三.现在完成时现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense)1).现在完成时表示现在完成时表示从过去从过去开始，一直延续开始，一直延续到到现在现在的动作或状态的动作或状态,通常用于通常用于延续性动词延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用常与表一段时间的状语连用,如如:so far,up to/till now,lately/recently,in /during/over the last/past,since,for 等等He _(live)in
14、Guiyang over the past 6 years.has lived句子结构：句子结构：主语主语+谓语（谓语（have/has+done）+宾语宾语2).说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了一一种经历种经历，表示过去的某一动作对现在，表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响造成的影响或或结果结果,常用的时间状语有常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once，twice，many times等等.We _(finish)our lunch already._ you ever _(try)this method?hav
15、e finishedHavetried注意：注意：I have received his letter for a month.I havent received his letter for almost a month.非延续性非延续性/瞬间瞬间/终止性动词终止性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。是可以持续的。如：如：begin/start,find,see,marry,buy，borrow,return,die,get等。等。（错）（错）(对对)1.Daniel _
16、(live)in Beijing since he came to China.2.The boys are tired.They _(just play)a ball game.3.I went to Egypt in 1986.Then in 2004 I went there again.I _(be)to Egypt twice.has livedhave just playedhave beensince和和for 填空since+_,用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间for+_,用来说明动作延续时间。用来说明动作延续时间。I have lived here _ at leas
17、t twenty years.I have lived here _ I was born.时间点时间点时间段时间段forsince现在完成时典型句型现在完成时典型句型My brother has never been abroad before.It is/has been three years since he joined the army.3.In(over)the past 10 years,our school have changed a lot.4.It is the first time that I have been there.5.Howard is one of t
18、he most famous explorers the world has ever known.语篇填空语篇填空 Welcome to our school.Id like to introduce you plans for our school.A lot of work 1 _(do)in the past few years.The library 2 _(complete)and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.1.由时间状语由时间状语in the past few years可知。可知。2.根据根据is re
19、ady for use可推出。可推出。has been donehas been completed 固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型：1).It is(has been)+一段时间+since-clause.2)This(That/It)is the first(second)time+that-clause (现在完成时).Tips:Multiple choice -Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.paintedB.had painted C.have been paintingD.have
20、paintedC Multiple choiceNow that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she _ yet.A had considered,hadnt decided B has been considering,hasnt decided C considered,didnt decide D is going to consider,wont decideB四四.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示表示从过去开始的一个从过去开始的一个 动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调
21、的是强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。句子结构：句子结构：主语主语+谓语（谓语（have/has been doing）+宾语宾语Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to considerB句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考句意：既然露西失业了，她一直在考虑返校读书，但她还没
22、有定下来。虑返校读书，但她还没有定下来。解析解析 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从从过去开始过去开始，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作，但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束刚结束，而现在完成进行时而现在完成进行时则强调动作则强调动作仍在仍在继续继续。_ past&past past now future_ past&past past now futurePPT:have donehave been doingPPCTLi Jia _ (read)a book about Stonehenge.(She finished reading the book.)
23、Li Jia _(read)a book about Stonehenge.(She is still reading the book.)has read has been reading 五五.一般过去时一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如常与表过去的时间连用。如 yesterday,last,ago,in,then,just now,the other day等。等。I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends in th
24、e countryside several years ago.spentl2.表示说话人始料未及的事情表示说话人始料未及的事情，要，要用一般过去时。用一般过去时。lI didnt know it was you.lI never expected you would bring me a gift.一般过去时的典型例句1.He often sang when he was a boy.2.-Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you played the piano.3.You speak very good French!Thanks.I st
25、udied French in Sichuan University for four years.4.I think the film was interesting,but it isnt.(T/F)thought过去时过去时 和现在完成时和现在完成时lHe has lived in Beijing for four years.l他在北京住了四年了。（他在北京住了四年了。（现在仍住那儿现在仍住那儿）lHe lived in Beijing for four years.l他曾在北京住了四年。（他曾在北京住了四年。（现在不住那儿了现在不住那儿了）l1.He has written to m
26、e frequently since I was ill.l2.He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.l句句1从句谓语动词为状态动词从句谓语动词为状态动词l句句2从句谓语动词为终止性动词从句谓语动词为终止性动词l自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。l自从我生病以来，他屡次给我写信。自从我生病以来，他屡次给我写信。lIt is one year since he began living there.lIt is one year since he lived there.l若若since引导的状语从句的谓语
27、动词是引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词持续性动词或表示状态的动词或表示状态的动词的的过去时过去时时，则从句表示的时间是时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作结束或状态结束时算起从那持续动作结束或状态结束时算起”。lIt is half a month since he was a student.lI havent heard any noise since I slept.1.-Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she _!A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised2.My uncle _ unti
28、l he was forty-five.A.married B.didnt marry C.was not marrying D.would marry说明说明：until 修饰的动词必须是修饰的动词必须是延续性动词延续性动词并且为并且为肯定形式，肯定形式，表示该动作一表示该动作一直持续到直持续到 until 后的时间为止后的时间为止；终止性动词；终止性动词只能用在只能用在否定句否定句中，表示直到中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。此时该动作才开始。BB3.-You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it?-Im sorr
29、y I _ anything about it sooner.I certainly think its pretty on you.A.wasnt saying B.dont say C.wont say D.didnt say4.I think the film was interesting,but it isnt._Dthought(1)During the summer of 2010 she _(travel)in Europe.was traveling五五.过去进行时过去进行时 The past continuous tense规则规则1：过去某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或过去
30、某一时刻或某一阶段内正在进行或频繁发生的动作频繁发生的动作.(3)I _(wonder)if you could give me a lift.was wondering规则规则3：过去进行时可以表示委婉语气过去进行时可以表示委婉语气.(2)I met Diana while I _(shop)this morning.规 则规 则 2：某 一 动 作 发 生 时 另 一 动 作 正 在 发 生，常 用 于 由某 一 动 作 发 生 时 另 一 动 作 正 在 发 生，常 用 于 由when/while,as引导的时间状语从句中引导的时间状语从句中.was shopping仅限于仅限于wond
31、er，want,hope等，用于提出请求。等，用于提出请求。5.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _ asleep.A.read was falling B.was reading fellC.was reading was fallingD.read fell说明说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动作用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。B七七.过去完成时过去完成时(had done)表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。之前发生的事情或存在的状态。l
32、表示表示过去某时间过去某时间前前已经发生的动作或情已经发生的动作或情况况(过去的过去过去的过去）I had stayed in Beijing for three years by 2003.当我去到机场时当我去到机场时,他已经走了他已经走了.When I got to the airport,_.他说他之前读过这本书他说他之前读过这本书.He said_.lBy the end of last month we have viewed scores of websites.he had already lefthe had read the book beforehad7.The littl
33、e girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost 8.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they _ without me.Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone BD
34、表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。表示过去的过去，即过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事情或存在的状态。We arrived earlier than we_(expect).had expected规则规则2：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用：表示未曾实现的愿望、打算、意图、承诺等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected(that/to do)或用上述动词的过去式接或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/planned to(have don
35、e)。lThey had been learning abroad for 6 years till last month.lBob _(serve)in the army before he became a journalist.七七.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时 The past perfect continuous tense结构：主语结构：主语+had been+v-ing+（宾语）（宾语）表示过去某个时间或动作表示过去某个时间或动作之前之前一直进行的事情。一直进行的事情。had been servingThe employer _(interview)all the employe
36、es next Wednesday.Professor Smith _(lecture)on modern drama tonight.will interview八八.一般一般(过去过去)将来时将来时(The Simple/Past Future Tense)1.表示表示(过去过去)将来将来/要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。will/would+v.is going to lecture2.表表(过去过去)计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。计划、安排、打算、预测将要做某事。am/is/are(was/were)going to+v.lThey will say/said
37、goodbye,little knowing they _ never _(meet)again.lHe _(apologize)to me when someone gave a sudden blow on his shoulder.3.am/is/are(was/were)to do sth.表按计划、安排表按计划、安排(过去过去)即将发生的动作，还可表示即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等.was about to apologize4.am/is/are(was/were)about to do sth.(when)“正正/就要做某事就要做某事
38、”（不与具体时间连用）（不与具体时间连用）will(would)/are(were)meet/to meetlI _(enjoy)the beautiful sunshine bath in Florida this weekend.lWe _(accomplish)the service task in this community before next Saturday.will be enjoying九九.将来进行时将来进行时 The Future Continous Tense表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。表将来某个时间正在进行的动作。will be+v-ingwill have a
39、ccomplished十十.将来完成时将来完成时 The Future Perfect Tense表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。表将来某个时间已经完成的事情。will have+v.pp时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去完成时had done一般将来时一般将来时will do将来完成时将来完成时will have donel1.-Can I join the club,Dad?l -You
40、 can when you _ a bit older.A.get B.will getlC.are getting D.will have gotl2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they _.l A.have survivedB.are to survivel C.would surviveD.will surviveABl3.The WTO cant live up to its name unless it will include a country that is home to one-fi
41、fth of mankind._l4.Japan will never be recovered/restored even if it will return Diaoyu Islands to China._ 5.The harder you will study,the better results you will get.includesreturns 含有状语从句的主从复合句时态含有状语从句的主从复合句时态主将从现主将从现。l1.I dont think _.l他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。他（将）通过（了）驾驶测试。l2.The Whites expected _ Tonny能出国
42、深造。能出国深造。he will pass(passed)the driving testTonny could study further abroad主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何时态；主句主句为一般现在时，（宾语）从句可为任何时态；主句为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应的过去时态。为过去时，（宾语）从句跟相应的过去时态。1.Leave it with me and I _ what I can do.A.see B.seeing C.am seeing D.will see2.Please give blood if you can or some lives _.A.scare aw
43、ay B.could scare away C.scared away D.to scare awayDB在祈使句在祈使句and/or/陈述句句型中，陈述句句型中，陈述句中只能用陈述句中只能用will/情态动词情态动词动词原形。动词原形。Remember下列句型下列句型1.It is(has been)/was 一段时间一段时间 since(did/had done)2.This(That/It)is/was the first(second)time thathave(has)done/had done3.This(That/It)is/was the onlythathave(has)do
44、ne/had done4.This(That/It)is/was the best/finest/most interesting thathave(has)done/had doneWe had no sooner been seated than the bus started.l=Hardly/Scarcely _ we been seated when the bus started.l=The bus started as soon as we were seated.hadHardly/scarcely过去完成时过去完成时+when 一般过去时一般过去时No sooner过去完成时
45、过去完成时+than一般过去时一般过去时 动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。主语是动作的承受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has done一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时过去完成时had done一般将来时一般将来时will do将来完成时将来完成
46、时will have doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done及物动词及物动词(vt.)有被动语态，不及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)或或短语无被动语态短语无被动语态.比较：比较：rise是不及物动词；是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen.The price has
47、raised.The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)(错错)(对对)二、二、主动形式主动形式 表表 被动意义被动意义1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。The steel feels cold.His pl
48、an proved(to be)practical.The yogurt in the fridge _ (已经变质）已经变质）.has gone bad 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move 等等主动表被动。主动表被动。Work began at 7 oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day.3.need/want/require doing,be worth doing,be to blame主动表被动。主动表被动。The equipment in the corner _ (需要修理需要修理).requires repairing The cloth washes well.His book does not sell.4.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如 read,write,act,iron,draw,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词这类动词 一般一般 不单独使用，不单独使用，常有常有well,easily 等修饰语。等修饰语。
