1、高考专题语法复习高考专题语法复习 定语从句定语从句教学目标教学目标 定义及相关术语定义及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句：He is a hard-working student.He is a student who works very hard.用一个句子来作定语修饰某用一个句子来作定语修饰某一名词或代词，这个句子就叫定一名词或代词，这个句子就叫定语从句。语从句。(定语定语)(定语从句定语从句)He is a student who works very hard.先行词先行词放置于名词或代词之放置于名词或代词之_关系词关系词1.引导定语从句引导定语从句3.在从句中充当一个成分在从句中充当
2、一个成分后后（被定语（被定语从句修饰从句修饰的词）的词）2.代替先行词代替先行词关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况that who whom whosethat which whosewhich as不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when where why（=介词介词+which）a.Is this the factory_ we visited last year?b.Is this the house _Lincoln once lived?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:将先
3、行词代入从句，看其在从句中充当将先行词代入从句，看其在从句中充当 什么成分什么成分 若是作若是作主语主语、宾语、宾语、表语或定语、表语或定语，用，用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whosethat,which,whom,whose等。等。若是作若是作状语（加介词）状语（加介词）,则用则用关系副词关系副词where,where,when,whywhen,why等；等；关系词的确定关系词的确定(in which)运用运用“代入法代入法”写出代入后的从句，并选出正确答写出代入后的从句，并选出正确答案：案：1.The reason _ she gave to us was not t
4、rue.2.The reason _ she gave up teaching was her serious illness.A.that B.which C.for which D.why用用 思思考考代入后的从句：代入后的从句：she gave the reason to us代入后的从句：代入后的从句：she gave up teaching for the reasonA/BC/D运用运用“代入法代入法”写出代入后的从句，并选出正确答写出代入后的从句，并选出正确答案：案：1.The gentleman_ you told me yesterday proved to be a thi
5、ef A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom2.Have you seen the film Titanic,_ leading actor is world-famous?A.its B.its C.whose D.which用用 思思考考代入后的从句：代入后的从句：you told me about the gentleman yesterday 代入后的从句：代入后的从句：the film Titanics leading actor is world-famousc.Is this house _ we visited last year?the o
6、ne如果主句缺成分，要先补充主句的成分。如果主句缺成分，要先补充主句的成分。运用运用“代入法代入法”并根据搭配选择介词并根据搭配选择介词 I dont know the foreigner _ _ my teacher shook hands.He stood by the window,_ _ he could see what was happening outside.throughwith whowhich注意：注意：介词介词+which(指物指物)，介词，介词+whom(指人指人)有的介词短语是不能分开的，因为这些介词有的介词短语是不能分开的，因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中如
7、：存在于关系密切的固定短语中如：look after,look for等。等。This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for.whom1).This is the reason _ _ he left his hometown.2).Ill never forget the day _ _ we stayed together3).This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4).This is the girl _ is taken good care _ in the hospital.5).I dont li
8、ke the way_ _ you laughed at her.for which/whyon which/whenfrom whomofin which/thatwho()先行词是先行词是the way 并在从句中作状语时并在从句中作状语时,关系关系代词用代词用that/in which或或省略省略.1).a.I saw some trees,and the leaves of _ were black with disease.b.I saw some trees,the leaves of _ were black with disease.2).a.This is a good ta
9、ble,on the surface of _ there is a dirty spot.b.This is a good table,but on the surface of _ there is a dirty spot.解题点拨解题点拨:是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhich _易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句whichita.The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b.The news _he told me yeste
10、rday is exciting.that(that/which)解题点拨：解题点拨：that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句是对其先行词的是对其先行词的修饰或限制修饰或限制；thatthat在句中在句中要要作成份作成份(作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指物时可用whichwhich代替。代替。而而同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词内容的是对前面名词内容的说明和解释说明和解释；that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份不充当成份，不能省，不能省略略,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句
11、)a.It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.b.It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.解题点拨：解题点拨：强调句型强调句型 It is/was+被强调部被强调部分分 +that/who+其它部分；其它部分；去掉去掉 It is/was.that/who,句子照样成立句子照样成立；定语从句则不然。定语从句则不然。thatwhen.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句（强调句）（强调句）（定语从句）（定语从句）1)He has got himself into a
12、dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why巩固提高巩固提高:situation,point,case,agreement,disagreement 等在定语从句中做先行等在定语从句中做先行词被看作是一种抽象地点，词被看作是一种抽象地点，从句引导从句引导词用词用where2)Have you remembered anything _I told you?A.where B.which C.when D.that先行词为物并是不定代词先行词为物并是不
13、定代词all,some,any,anything,something,nothing等等,或当先或当先行词受行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修等代词修饰时饰时只能用只能用that3.Which is the book _he wants to borrow?A.where B.which C.when D.that句中如果已经有句中如果已经有which,who等疑问等疑问词，为避免重复词，为避免重复,只用只用that 4.We talked about the persons and the things _we can remember.
14、A.which B.whom C.whose D.that 先行词既有人也有物先行词既有人也有物,只用只用that 5.This is the very example _ the teacher mentioned that day.A.which B.whom C.whose D.that 先行词为物并受序数词（如先行词为物并受序数词（如the first)，形，形容词最高级容词最高级(如如the best)，或，或the very,the only 等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that as 与与 which的区别的区别 1).I will read as many books_are
15、required.先行词前有先行词前有as,so,such,the same 修饰时修饰时,关系代关系代词常用词常用as(构成构成asas;soas;suchas;the sameas等结构等结构)2)._is known to us all,Taiwan is a part of China.as一般代替整个句子一般代替整个句子,从句从句可以放可以放句首句首,句中或句中或句尾句尾,表示表示“正如正如”,或或“像像一样一样”；which从句从句不能放句首。不能放句首。Asas拓展拓展which的先行词可以是的先行词可以是名词名词，也可以是，也可以是句子的句子的一部分或整个句子一部分或整个句子；
16、不能放句首，可代表主句；不能放句首，可代表主句引起的结果。引起的结果。3).She has married again,_ was unexpected.which1.(1)I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers.(2)I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers A.which B.on which C.when D.what2.(1)We were on the way _ it began to rain.(2)I dont like the way _ you
17、 speak to your parents.A.when B.that C.how D.which CAAB定语从句常易混淆句型分析定语从句常易混淆句型分析:3.(1)The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday.(2)The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday.A.how B.why C.that D.who4.(1)Is this school _ you ever visited?(2)Is this the school _
18、you ever studied?(3)Is this the school in _ you ever studied?A.where B.which C.that D.the oneBCDAB5.(1)This is _ he said at he meeting yesterday.(2)This is all _ he said at the meeting yesterday.A.that B.which C.what D.how6.(1)_ is reported in the newspapers,they have beaten all the other teams.(2)_
19、 is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other teams.(3)_ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams.A.It B.As C.Which D.What CABAD7.(1)It was such an easy question _ they could answer.(2)It was such an easy question _ they could answer it.A.that B.a
20、s C.which D.what8.(1)That is the house,_ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.(2)That is the house,_ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months.(3)That is the house,but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months.A.its B.its C.whose D.of whichBACDA9.(1)John said hed been working in the office for hours,
21、_ was true.(2)John said hed been working in the office for hours,but _ not true.A.he B.it C.which D.who10.(1)A few people were caught in the big fire,_ died.(2)A few people were caught in the big fire,_ dead.A.two of who B.two of whom C.two of them D.two of theyCBBC11.(1)It was 1945 _ the World War
22、II ended.(2)It was in 1945 _ the World War II ended.A.that B.which C.when D.at which 12.(1)Do you know the girl _ calling herself Miss Forgetful?(2)Do you know the girl _ calls herself Miss Forgetful?A.who B.whom C.she D./CADA13.(1)Dont talk about such things _ you are not sure of.(2)Dont talk about
23、 such things of _ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those14.(1)He wrote the best composition,_ surprised all of us.(2)He wrote the best composition _ we all read just now.A.that B.which C.it D./CABA定语从句常见错误分析定语从句常见错误分析:1)误误:The watch which my sister gave it to me as a present was made in Swiss.
24、2)误误:Thats the hotel where we spent three days there.正正:The watch which my sister gave to me as a present was made in Swiss.正正:Thats the hotel where we spent three days.1.定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复定语从句中代词或状语与关系词重复2.先行词与定语从句谓语动词的主谓关系先行词与定语从句谓语动词的主谓关系1)误误:Those who breaks the rule should be punished.2)误误:She is
25、 the only one of the students who are able to play the guitar.正正:Those who break the rule should be punished.正正:She is the only one of the students who is able to play the guitar.3.介词误用介词误用1)误误:This is the ruler for which Im looking.2)误误:This is the farm in which she lived as a little girl.正正:This i
26、s the ruler which Im looking for.正正:This is the farm on which she lived as a little girl.4.关系词省略错误关系词省略错误1)误误:Anyone breaks the law must be punished.2)误误:Is this the factory you worked five years ago?正正:Anyone who breaks the law must be punished.正正:Is this the factory where/at which you worked five
27、years ago?1我昨天买的书很有趣。我昨天买的书很有趣。.2你找到了你正在找的自行车吗？你找到了你正在找的自行车吗？3我看到了很多叶子是黑色的树。我看到了很多叶子是黑色的树。4正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。5他出生在一个远离这个城市的镇上。他出生在一个远离这个城市的镇上。Translate the sentences into English（翻译）（翻译）The book that I bought yesterday is very interestingHave you found the bike(that/which)you are looking for?I saw some trees whose leaves were blackThe girl who/that is playing the piano over there is our monitor.He was born in a town that/which is far away from this city.
