1、 The Attributive ClauseThe Attributive Clause (non-restrictive)(non-restrictive)2008 is a very special year(whichthat)we shall never forget.1 1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。之后。2 2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3 3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词：引导定语从句的词
2、叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有词有that,which,who,whom,whose,asthat,which,who,whom,whose,as等；等；关系副词有关系副词有when,where,whywhen,where,why等。等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A A、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；B B、代替先行词；、代替先行词；C C、在定语从句中担当一个成、在定语从句中担当一个成分。分。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(restrictive)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive）To
3、m was the only person that I coulddepend on.汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。His mother,who loves him very much,is very strict with him.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。定语从句定语从句1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:e.g.I was the only person who was invited.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在
4、意义上不可缺少的定语缺少的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句就会失去意义或意主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。写时不用逗号和主句分开。我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。(如果把从句部分去掉如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了整个句子的含义就变了)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,是对先行词做些附加说明是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号
5、隔开仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用that引导。引导。1)His dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.他的狗当时很老了他的狗当时很老了,生病后就死了。生病后就死了。(去掉从句去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整主句的意义仍然完整:他的狗生病死。他的狗生病死。)2)Yesterday I met Li Lei,who seemed to be very busy.昨天我碰上李雷了昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。他好象很忙。(去掉从句去掉从句,意义仍然完整意义仍然完整:昨天我
6、碰上李雷了。昨天我碰上李雷了。)2.非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：a.非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中,指物时指物时,用用which而不用而不用that。1)Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.2)All the books there,which have beautiful pictures,were written by him.b.指人时主格用指人时主格用who,宾格用宾格用whom,物主格用物主格用whose(也可指物也可指物)。1)Miss C
7、hen,whom you met in the library,is our new teacher.2)The Arabs,who are famous for their horses and camels,use these animals for work and in sports.3)Li Ming,whose mother has been ill for two days,is absent from school today.c.另外关系副词另外关系副词when(指时间指时间),where(指地点指地点)也也可以引导非限制性定语从句可以引导非限制性定语从句(注意关系副词注意关
8、系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句不能引导非限制性定语从句)4)He lives in the city,where there is a high tower.5)The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949,when he was born.d.介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。6)Wu Dong,with whom I went to the university,is just my high school classmate.7)Her bag,in which she put
9、all her books,has not been found.8)The story about the Long March,of which this is an example,are well written.3.as,which 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 由由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句引导的非限定性定语从句,as和和which可代整个主句，相当于可代整个主句，相当于and this或或and that。As一般放在句首一般放在句首,which在句中。在句中。As we know,smoking is harmful to ones health.The ea
10、rth goes around the sun,which is known to all of us.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上形式上 不用逗号不用逗号“，”与主句隔与主句隔开开用逗号用逗号“，”与主句与主句隔开隔开 意义上意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整意思表达不完整 只是对先行词的补充只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译
11、法上 译成先行词的定语：译成先行词的定语：“的的”通常译成主句的并通常译成主句的并列句列句 关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 1.1.作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略1.1.不可省略不可省略 2.2.可用可用that that 2.2.不用不用thatthat 3.3.可用可用whowho 代替代替whomwhom 3.3.不可用不可用who who 代替代替whom whom 1.Yesterday Mr.Li finally bought his own house,_ is a hospital.A.in where B.to the east of which C.to the east of
12、 it D.in the east of that 2.My brothers purse,_ he put￥1,000,was missing on the bus.A.there B.which C.in which D.that 3.The football match _ the students competed yesterday was very wonderful.A.in which B.which C.in that D.that 4.The reason _ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam
13、 in the rush hour.A.which B.in which C.why D.of which 5.His glasses,_ he could see nothing,was taken away by a naughty boy.A.which B.without which C.with which D.without those 6.The computer,_ he paid￥3,000,was once owned by his uncle.A.which B.for which C.that D.to that 7.In the past we lost many c
14、hances,_ we paid little attention.A.which B.that C.in which D.to which 8.The pen,_ I had been writing for ten years,was broken.A.with which B.with that C.as D.with it 9.Mary has two brothers,_ are doctors.A.both of they B.both of whom C.both of them D.whom of both 10.The problem _ you argued about y
15、esterday has been solved.A.that B.what C.why D.for which 11.My aunt bought me a book,the name _ I have forgotten.A.of it B.which C.whose D.of which 12.On the way home I met my friend John,from _ home the thief had stolen a computer.A.whom B.which C.that D.whose 13.I hate the way _ you talk to your m
16、other.A.by which B.on which C.in which D.which 14.At last we found the hole in the wall _ the mouse got into the house last night.A.in which B.which C.through which D.by which 15.Last night we saw two movies,_ was interesting.A.both of which B.neither of which C.both of them D.neither of them 16.I u
17、sed to live in a house,_ grew a tall tree.A.in front of it B.in front of which C.in the front of which D.in front of that 17.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.A.when B.during that C.in which D.which Function-practice1.Peter danced and sang all the evening.Peter used
18、 to be quiet.Peter,who used to be quiet,danced and sang all the evening.2.Mary gave me a picture for my birthday.She had painted it especially for me.Mary gave me a picture for my birthday,which she had painted especially for me.3.We picked all the apples.They will be transported abroad.We picked al
19、l the apples,which will be transported abroad.4.The book was not available.She asked for it.The book which she asked for was not available.5.The visa(签证签证)has not arrived yet.I need the visa to enter the US.The visa which I need to enter the US has not arrived yet.6.The traffic accident happened in
20、the morning.Then there was a heavy fog.The traffic accident happened in the morning,when there was a heavy fog.7.Do you remember the national park？We were attacked by wild pigs there.Do you remember the national park,where we were attacked by wild pigs？8.Anne is going to America next year.Her daught
21、er is in my class.Anne whose daughter is in my class is going to America next year.9.He went on the bus tour with a group of people.Most of them had never traveled before.He went on the bus tour with a group of people,most of whom had never traveled before.1.Alice received an invitation from her bos
22、s,_came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.whichD.he 此为非限定性从句此为非限定性从句,不能用不能用 thatthat修饰修饰,而用而用which.it which.it 和和he he 都使后句成为句子都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选选hehe句意不通。句意不通。高考链接2.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it whichwhich可代替句子
23、可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句用于非限定性定语从句,而而whatwhat不可。不可。that that 不能用于非限定性定语从不能用于非限定性定语从句句,it,it不为连词不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。在一起在英语语法上行不通。3.It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented me from going to the park.A.that B.which C.as D.it 4.She is a teacher of much knowledge,_ much can be learned.A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom5.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest.A.which B.in which C.among which D.one of which Homework Review the whole exercises above
