1、非非谓语动词doingdoneto do 主语主语 定语定语 宾语宾语 表语表语 状语状语宾语补宾语补 足语足语to do done diong n./pron.+to doLi Ming was the first person to arrive.He always has a lot of meetings to attend.He is looking for a room to live in.(主谓、动宾和介宾关系主谓、动宾和介宾关系)主动表被动的情况主动表被动的情况(1)比较：比较：Im going to the post office,for I have a letter t
2、o post.A:Li Ming,Im going to the post office.I know you have an important letter to post.Let me post it for you.B:Thank you.But I have no letters to be posted now.主动表被动的情况主动表被动的情况(2)There is a letter to write.(to be written 不常用不常用)Ill give you some novels to read.主动表被动的情况主动表被动的情况(3)(间接宾语间接宾语“人人”是是to
3、 do 的逻辑主语的逻辑主语用主动用主动)注意：注意：to do 表示的是将要做表示的是将要做的事情，与将来时间连用。的事情，与将来时间连用。doing 作定语作定语doing+n./pron.(多强调用途多强调用途)drinking water reading roomwalking stick writing deskn./pron.+doing短语短语The man running over there is our chairman.They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.语态：主动语态：主动时态：正在进行时态：正在
4、进行 注意注意：并不是所有的并不是所有的doing形式时态意义都很明显。形式时态意义都很明显。done作定语作定语done+n./pron.Look at the broken glasses.n./pron.+done短语短语I have a radio made in China.语态：被动语态：被动时态意义往往不明显。时态意义往往不明显。注意一些动词的固定用法：注意一些动词的固定用法：The little girl dressed in white is Mary.(be dressed in)表目的表目的表表 原原 因因表表 结结 果果I study hard _ the people
5、 well.to serveTo serve the people well,I study hard.(置于句首加强语气)In order to serve the people well,I study hard.(更加强语气)I study hard so as to serve the people well.(不可用于句首)He is lucky _ here on time.to getI am happy _ you again.Li Ming seemed willing _ that.I am sorry _ that.to seeto doto hear(作原因状语时常修饰
6、表作原因状语时常修饰表感情感情的形容词的形容词,表示表示产生这种感情的原因产生这种感情的原因.)I hurried to get there only to find him out.After that day they were separated,never to see each other again.(only/never to do 表示意料之外的结表示意料之外的结果果)1.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表方式表方式,伴随伴随5.表结果表结果现在分词做状语3.表让步表让步As soon as they heard the bad news,they couldnt help c
7、rying.Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help cryingOn hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.(doing 动作一发生,主句动作立即发生)While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.While playing the piano,she got very excited.(doing 动作进行中,主句动作发生了.这时when 或 while一般要加上。)Having turned off the radio,he began t
8、o go over his lessons.After turning off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.After he had turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.(doing动作完成后,主句动作才发生.)As he forgot his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Forgetting his manners,he put his feet up on the desk.Being so angry,he cou
9、ldnt go to sleep.(doing动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生.)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.Because/As he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.(doing动作发生在主句动作之前，用doing的完成式.)Although he worked from morning till night,he
10、 didnt get enough food.Although working from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.(although/whether/even if/even though+doing.)They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.(表方式和伴随时,谓语动作是主要的,doing是次要动作.)The bus was held up by the snowstor
11、m,so it caused the delay.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.1.表时间表时间2.表原因表原因4.表伴随表伴随5.表结果表结果过去分词做状语3.表条件、让步表条件、让步When the city is seen from the hill,it is beautiful.Seen from the hill,the city is beautiful.Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,the boys ran into the
12、 building.As the boys were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides,they ran into the building.Even though defeated again,the scientist didnt give up.(一般来讲,时间,原因,条件,让步状语多放与句首,结果,伴随,方式状语多放在句末.)Given more water,the fish couldnt die.现在分词现在分词作状语作状语,doing与句子的与句子的主语是主语是主动关系主动关系,即主语是即主语是doing动作的动作的执行者执行者.过去分词过去分词做状语做状语,done与句子的与句子的主语是主语是被动关系被动关系,即主语是即主语是done动动作的作的承受者承受者.
