1、七选五专题卷(一)(每篇10分钟)A(2020山东青岛高三二模)In springtime,many Americans take on a major project: cleaning their homes from top to bottom.We often call this kind of work “spring cleaning”. Part of spring cleaning often involves clearing out clutter (杂物).We do away with things we no longer need.If we are to beli
2、eve the many stories on Marie Kondo,the Queen of Clean,clutter adds unnecessary stress to our lives.Clutter is holding us back from our dreams and goals.1.An expert on the subject,Sabine Kastner of Princeton University,has been studying how the brain processes clutter for 20 years.The media,Kastner
3、says,often writes about clutter in a very simple,black-and-white way: Clutter affects the mind and we need to clear it out.But it is much more complex than that.For starters,our brains are designed to deal with clutter.Very early in the development of our eyesight,we begin to group objects that we s
4、ee.2. According to Kastner,there is not a one-size-fits-all solution.3. In fact,some people need to see their work.If something is carefully put away,to them it does not exist anymore.Out of sight,out of mind.For other people,objects can stimulate their creativity and give them ideas.4. Kastner note
5、s that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them.These people may need more organization and less clutter to work well.5.Whether the area is cluttered or clearthey work the same.And for others it may depend on the project.For administrative work,they might need a clear work
6、space.But for more creative projects,they may need many things around them.It is complex.A.But is it true?B.What is working and what is not?C.Some people do not care either way.D.This helps us to structure our environment.E.People need to be able to design their workplaces.F.The idea that an unclutt
7、ered workplace is better,is not universally true.G.However,other people are unable to work in a cluttered environment.语篇解读:主题语境人与自我话题杂乱的影响本文为议论文,一项研究表明,杂乱的工作环境对人的影响因人而异,并非所有的杂乱都是坏事。此话题有利于培养学生的辩证思维。答案及剖析:1.A空处前一句Clutter is holding us back from our dreams and goals.(杂乱阻碍了我们实现梦想和目标。)与下文观点But it is much
8、 more complex than that.相互矛盾,因此空处应该是作者质疑此观点。由此可知,选项A: But is it true? 符合语境,故选A。2.D根据前两句For starters,our brains are designed to deal with clutter.Very early in the development of our eyesight,we begin to group objects that we see.(首先,我们的大脑天生就是用来处理混乱的。在我们视力发展的早期,我们就开始把看到的物体分类。)可知,下一句应该讲述大脑处理混乱的能力所带来的好
9、处,选项 D:This helps us to structure our environment(这有助于我们构建我们所在的环境)符合语境,故选D。3.F根据前一句According to Kastner,there is not a one-size-fits-all solution.(Kastner认为,没有一个万能的解决方案。)及下方举的例子可知,并不是每个人都认可工作环境越整洁越好的观点,选项F:The idea that an uncluttered workplace is better,is not universally true(整洁的工作环境更好的观点并不是普遍正确的)
10、符合语境,故选F。4.G根据下一句Kastner notes that some people may get distracted by having lots of things around them.(Kastner注意到有些人可能会因为周围有很多东西而分心。)可知,本段主要讲述有一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作,选项G:However,other people are unable to work in a cluttered environment(然而,其他人无法在杂乱的环境中工作)符合语境,故选G。5.C根据第四段和第五段内容可知,对于一些人来说,物品可以激发他们的创造力,给他们灵
11、感;而另一些人无法在杂乱的环境中工作。再由所给空格的下一句Whether the area is cluttered or clearthey work the same.(不管这个地方是杂乱的还是干净的,它们起的作用都是一样的。)可知,还有一些人并不关心工作的环境是杂乱还是干净,选项C:Some people do not care either way(有些人对这两种方式都不在乎)符合语境,故选C。B(2020浙江温州4月二模)Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread
12、 of infectious disease. 1.During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their faces with their hands. 2.Whether we are aware of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our faces with our hands frequently enough.Imagin
13、e that you are able to record a full day of your actions. Better yet, reflect on what you did when you woke up yesterday morning. Let me give you an idea of my previous morning. I was woken by the alarm clock at 6 am. 3.Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, star
14、ted making my coffee and finally hit the shower. It wasnt even 5 minutes from the time I awoke and I already touched different objects. The point of this is to be aware that even in our homes we are exposed to germs in places we dont realize.Luckily, the human body has amazing defense against harmfu
15、l germs. 4.Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue. Unfortunately, there are a lot of areas on our faces that do not have the protection of skin such as the eyes and mouths. Theres a reason to every wise proverb and our parents annoying us to wash our hands before dinner is not
16、for nothing.5.If you have children, it is even more important to set the example because children are known to learn from adults. Lets start a good habit of washing hands. As for your friends, dont be shy about checking to make sure their hands are clean. Asking someone if they have washed their han
17、ds is caring. Checking to see if someone has washed their hands will benefit not only that person, but you and your family.A.Our skin is the first line of defense.B.Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.C.It is easy for us to admit that we wash our hands regularly.D.They are more self-
18、aware that hand washing should be practiced as needed.E.Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.F.They found that the subjects touched their faces 15.7 times per hour on average.G.Do the rest of your family members, especially children, wash their hands regul
19、arly?语篇解读:主题语境人与自我话题个人防护本文是说明文。文章讲述了洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。尽管人体对有害细菌具有一定的防御能力,但是我们也要养成洗手的好习惯。答案及剖析:1.D根据空前Many healthcare workers know that washing hands is important to prevent the spread of infectious disease.(许多医护人员都知道洗手对于预防传染病的传播很重要。)可知,D项They are more self-aware that hand washing should be practiced a
20、s needed.(他们比别人更加意识到应该根据需要洗手。)能够承接上文。该选项中的They指的是前一句中的many healthcare workers。故选D项。2.F根据空前During a study conducted by Nicas and Best at Berkley University, they counted the number of times people touched their faces with their hands.(在Nicas和Best在伯克利大学进行的一项研究中,他们计算了人们用手触摸脸部的次数。)和空后Whether we are awar
21、e of our actions or not, most of us can agree that we touch our faces with our hands frequently enough.(无论我们是否意识到自己的行为,我们大多数人都认为我们经常用手摸脸。)可知,F项They found that the subjects touched their faces 15.7 times per hour on average.(他们发现受试者平均每小时触摸脸部15.7次。)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选F项。3.B根据空前I was woken by the alarm
22、clock at 6 am.(早上6点钟我被闹钟叫醒了。)和空后Then I checked my phone for messages, turned on the TV for my morning news, started making my coffee and finally hit the shower.(然后我查看了手机中的消息,打开电视看早间新闻,开始煮咖啡,最后洗了澡。)可知,B项Several minutes later, I turned off the alarm clock.(几分钟后,我关闭了闹钟。)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选B项。4.A根据空前Luck
23、ily, the human body has amazing defense against harmful germs.(幸运的是,人体对有害细菌具有惊人的防御能力。)和空后Our white blood cells are like soldiers coming to the rescue.(我们的白细胞就像士兵一样来营救我们。)可知,A项Our skin is the first line of defense.(我们的皮肤是第一道防线。)能够承接上文并且与下文连接通顺。故选A项。5.E根据空后If you have children, it is even more importa
24、nt to set the example because children are known to learn from adults.(如果你有孩子,树立榜样就更重要了,因为众所周知,孩子可以向成年人学习。)可知,E项Most importantly, it is our duty to set the right example for friends and family.(最重要的是,为朋友和家人树立正确的榜样是我们的责任。)能够与下文连接通顺。故选E项。C(2020北京房山区高三二模)A study revealed that,in most occasions,the outc
25、ome on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own.As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase “No man is an island”.And this is especially true,in the workplace,in doing scientific research,or working in events.One of the be
26、nefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim.Because of this,they have a higher chance of being more successful.1.Teamwork promotes diversity.The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and sh
27、are their thinking. 2. This level of diversity generates cultural understanding,increasing communication through collective knowledge of approaches and a larger resource of opinions.3. Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge,resources and skills.Co
28、nsequently,this allows us to pick some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking.Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities.And since self-improvement helps us in seeking better ways to perform our
29、role within a team,it improves both the efficiency and productivity of the team as a whole.Completion of task becomes easy.Each member has unique skills to help with the project.4. For example,you may ask one person to do research,another to take charge of social media marketing,and another to look
30、after delivery.Teamwork can get the most of each persons strengths.5. For instance,tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines (学科) could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches.In the traditional research world,one researcher pursued a theme over several
31、decades.However,academia is fostering a fresh research culture,whereby academic works advance through the creation of interdisciplinary research.A.Teamwork encourages healthy competition.B.It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.C.So a task can be assigned based on a persons skills and expert
32、ise.D.There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.E.The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.F.As a result,different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.G.Cooperation has several benefits including shared risk,resources and knowl
33、edge.语篇解读:主题语境人与社会话题合作本文是一篇议论文。一项研究表明,在大多数情况下,当两个人互相帮助而不是单独工作时,任务的结果会得到改善。文章论述了合作的意义及重要性。此话题有利于培养学生树立合作共赢的意识。答案及剖析:1.D根据上文One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a common aim.Because of this,they have a higher chance of being more successfu
34、l.可知,合作的好处之一是人们可以集中他们的技能和智慧,朝着共同的目标努力。正因为如此,他们更有可能更成功。此处在讲述合作的好处,由此可知,选项D:There are many benefits we can gain out of teamwork and cooperation.(我们可以从团队合作中获得很多好处。)符合语境。故选D。2.F根据上文The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to come together and share their thinking.可
35、知,团队合作的本质要求一群来自不同背景的人聚到一起,分享他们的想法。选项F:As a result,different opinions and problem-solving methods can be formed.(因此形成不同的意见和解决问题的方法。)能够承接上文,符合语境。故选F。3.B根据下文Working within a team helps us to create an environment which inspires collective knowledge,resources and skills.Consequently,this allows us to pi
36、ck some ideas and to reflect on our own way of thinking.Teamwork also encourages self-improvement because it helps us to expand our horizons and make better use of our own intrinsic capabilities.可知,在团队中工作有助于我们创造一个激发集体知识、资源和技能的环境。因此,这允许我们选择一些想法,并反思我们自己的思维方式。团队合作还鼓励自我完善,因为它帮助我们拓展我们的视野,更好地利用我们自身固有的能力。由
37、此可知,选项B:It promotes peer learning and self-improvement.(它促进同伴学习和自我完善。)可以作为本段主题句,符合语境。故选B。4.C根据上文Each member has unique skills to help with the project.(每个成员都有独特的技能来帮助这个项目。)及下文列举的例子可知,选项C:So a task can be assigned based on a persons skills and expertise.(所以可以根据一个人的技能和专长来分配任务。)承上启下,符合语境。故选C。5.E根据下文For
38、 instance,tackling about climate change by researchers who come from different disciplines could potentially lead to ground-breaking researches.可知,例如,由来自不同学科的研究人员解决气候变化问题可能会带来突破性的研究。由此可知,选项E:The seeds of creativity and innovation spring from the exchange of ideas.(创造力和革新的种子来自于思想的交流。)符合语境。故选E。D(2020山
39、东济南高三三模)“Some kids are naturally more competitive than others,” says professional adviser Roseann Clay.But certain factors play into the behavior of kids to make them want to win at everything.One factor is that kids are becoming aware of what others think of them.Winning games and getting those top
40、 grades is a way to get loads of attention.1.When kids have a genuine fear of losing,this can drive them to be more competitive.And when they lose,bad emotions usually follow.How can parents deal with kids who get angry or upset when they dont win all the time?2.Roseann suggests that parents make a
41、point of showing how they handle losing well,while still having fun.And before any competitive activity or game,make sure everyone knows what the rules and expected behaviors are.This helps a child shift from an “Im only good if I win” attitude to “ Im having fun” attitude.If a child is pushed to be
42、 too competitive and care about winning above all else,their emotional well-being is put at risk.The knock-on effect is that their confidence remains low.3.Also,some childrens anxiety causes them to be afraid of competition. 4.They should open up conversation and focus on the feelings of kids and no
43、t their behaviors.5.We can help them celebrate and enjoy all the small steps it took to get there,and encourage a more positive outlook and healthy competition.This will serve them throughout life as they manage stress.A.Not all kids want to win.B.Kids can still celebrate a win.C.Parents shouldnt pu
44、sh these kids.D.Insecurity can also be a factor here.E.Insecure children want to win everything.F.This can really rock a developing childs emotional core.G.Children can learn to manage their emotions with role modeling.语篇解读:主题语境人与自我话题完善自我本文为说明文。文章主要叙述了有些孩子天生就比其他人更有竞争力。但是某些因素影响了孩子们的行为,使他们想要赢得一切。但如果孩子
45、失败了,父母要给孩子示范如何管理自己失败的情绪。不要逼迫孩子争强好胜,要鼓励孩子们有一个积极和健康的竞争心态。答案及剖析:1.D第二段主要叙述了两个影响孩子行为让他们想赢的两个因素。One factor is that kids are becoming aware of what others think of them.Winning games and getting those top grades is a way to get loads of attention.一个是孩子们开始意识到别人对他们的看法。赢得比赛并获得高分是吸引注意力的一种方式。空格处应叙述另一个因素。分析选项可知
46、D项Insecurity can also be a factor here(不安全感也是一个因素)符合题意,故选D。2.G根据空格后的内容Roseann suggests that parents make a point of showing how they handle losing well,while still having fun.This helps a child shift from an “Im only good if I win” attitude to “Im having fun ” attitude.可知,Roseann建议父母们应该向孩子们展示他们如何在享受
47、快乐的同时处理好失败的事情这有助于孩子的态度从“我只有赢了才好”转变为“我玩得很开心”。由此可推断出此处是指家长应该给孩子树立如何管理情绪的模范。分析选项可知G项Children can learn to manage their emotions with role modeling(孩子们可以通过角色示范来学习管理他们的情绪)符合题意,故选G。3.F根据空格前的内容If a child is pushed to be too competitive and care about winning above all else,their emotional well-being is put
48、 at risk.The knock-on effect is that their confidence remains low.可知,如果孩子被逼得过于争强好胜,把胜利看得高于一切,他们的情感健康就会处于危险之中。连锁反应就是他们的信心会很低迷。由此推断这是对孩子的不利影响。分析选项可知F项This can really rock a developing childs emotional core符合题意,故选F。4.C根据空格后的内容They should open up conversation and focus on the feelings of kids and not their behaviors.可知,父母应该与孩子进行对话,敞开心扉,关注孩子的感受,而不是他们的行为。由此推断,父母要开明,不能强迫孩子。分析选项可知C项Parents shouldnt push these kids符合题意,故选C。5.B根据空格后的内容We can help them celebrate and enjoy all the small steps it took to get there,and encourage a more positive outlook an
