1、Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures教学目标1通过学习英语句子的基本句法成分和结构，学会分析英语句子结构。2识别英语基本句法结构，对长度较长，内容较为丰富的英语句子能够做出正确的理解。3为英语句子写作奠定扎实的语法基础。教学重点识别并分析下面的句子结构：SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO; SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There be 教学难点能区别以下结构：SP与SVA；SVOC与SVOA；教学过程教学环节教师活动学生活动设计意图导入新课Period 1I Learn the technical terms-1.1. S (subj
2、ect) 主语2. V (verb) 谓语动词3. O (object) 宾语4. P (predicative) 表语5. A (adverbial) 状语6. DO (direct objective) 直接宾语7. IO (indirect objective) 间接宾语8. C (objective complement) 宾语补足语9. There be there be结构1回答问题2分组讨论什么词（词性）可以充当句子的“主语，宾语，表语，直接宾语，间接宾语，宾语补足语和状语”学生需要掌握这些句子基本构成成分的概念。这是正确理解英语句子内容的基本保障。讲授新课Period 2II
3、Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appell
4、ations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be u
5、sed as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies. S V(2) A monkey jumps. S V(3) A fish swims. S V In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. F
6、or Example:(1) A sheep eats grass. S V O(2) They like bananas. S V O(3) He wants candy. S V O In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great. S P (2) He looks well. S P (3) She became a teacher. S P In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “link ve
7、rbs” and “adjectives or nouns”. link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question. S V IO DO (2) Danny wrote me a letter. S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite. S V IO DO In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followe
8、d by two objectives pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives. verb pattern: tell sb. sth. 5. SVOC structure. For Example:(1) The war made him a hero. S V O C(2) They found the snake dead. S V O C(3) We call him Mr. Wood. S V O C In SVOC structures, the verb is transiti
9、ve and is followed by an objectives and a complement. The complement here is used to show the situation of the object. In SVOC structures, Objective complements can be nouns, adjectives, ing phrases or ed phrases.6. SVA structure. For Example:(1) It rained heavily. S V A(2) He coughed badly. S V A(3
10、) The rabbit ran fast. S V A In SVA structures, the verb is intransitive and is followed by an adverbial.7. SVOA structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass over there. S V O A(2) Mum makes lunch in the kitchen. S V O A(3) They liked the film very much. S V O A SVOA structure is formed by SVO stru
11、cture plus an adverbial at the end.8. There be structure. For Example:(1) There is an apple on the table. V S A(2) There are 7 days in a week. V S A(3) There is milk and bread on the table. V S A In “There be” structure, subject and verb “be” is inverted. The number of “be” is decided by the very fi
12、rst subject followed.IV Questions to think:1. Look at the picture below and examine the sentence structures. What parts are shared by all of them?2. In the eight basic structures, what is the more stable element and what is the most unstable element in a sentence?V Read the sentences and analyse the
13、 structures.1. The 100-year-old school lies in the center of the city.S V A2. We must act. S V3. The maths homework looks easy. S P4. The teacher found the classroom empty.S V O C5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.S V IO DO6. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange studnent. S V O7. The
14、re is an English corner at our school. V S A8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. S V O AVI Read the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.1. That dream has come true! S P2. Tim and his classmates are living on a ship. S V A3. They also learn about ships and the sea. S
15、 V O4. Tim writes his parents every week and tells S V O A V them what happened on the ship. IO DO5. Theres always something exciting to do. V S6. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. S PVII Answers to “IV Questions to think”1. Each sentence shall have an “S” and a “V”.2. “S” is relativel
16、y stable, compared to “V” - the most unstable part in English sentence.1学生逐个举例子分析，穷尽可以充当“S,V，O, P, A, DO, IO, C”等句子成分的词性。2列表，判断并总结可以作“主语，宾语, 表语,直接宾语,间接宾语,宾语补足语”等成分的词性。3学生做练习，分析句子成分。4逐个提问学生，请学生通过看图做出判断。5逐个提问学生回答问题。6逐个提问学生回答问题。1学生进行“头脑风暴”，通过分析，归纳，最后得出结论,尝试回答问题1-3。2区别“词性”与“句子成分”的概念。3使学生熟练掌握这8种基本句子结构。4培
17、养学生仔细观察，对比分析的能力。同时，让学生带着问题思考后面所做练习的意义。5练习识别基本句子结构。6培训学生快速识别句子基本结构的能力。【课堂小结】Period 3SummaryIn this period, weve learned about some important concepts of syntax.1. The definitions of “S (subject), V (verb), O (object), P (predicative), A (adverbial), DO (direct object), IO (Indirect object) and C (obj
18、ect complement)”;2. The morphologic features corresponding to “ S (subject), V (verb), O (object), P (predicative), A (adverbial), DO (direct object), IO (Indirect object) and C (object complement)”;3. “V”, as the most unstable part in English sentence, decides all the varieties of the basic sentenc
19、e structures.4. The importance of learning verb patterns.Home work:1. Recite the meanings of the capitalized initials “S (subject), V (verb), O (object), P (predicative), A (adverbial), DO (direct object), IO (Indirect object) and C (object complement)”.2. Think about the significance of distinguish
20、ing “transitive verbs” from “intransitive verbs”?学生认真阅读该小结，回忆前面做过的练习和分析。帮助学生梳理本节课的重要内容【板书设计】I What is What?1. 1 What can be used as “Subject” in a sentence?1.1.1 Nouns. For example: A tiger eats meat. S1.1.2 Subject Pronouns. For example: He is a teacher. S1.1.3 Appellations. For example: Mr. Wood i
21、s coming. S1.2 What can be used as “Object” in a sentence?1.2.1 Nouns. For example: A tiger eats meat. O1.2.2 Object Pronouns. For example: I like him. O1.2.3 Appellations. For example: We invite Mr. Wood. O 1.3 What can be used as “Predicative” in a sentence?1.3.1 Link verb + adjective / noun. For
22、example: He is a teacher. This is great P P1.3.2 Link verbs. For example: be, look, feel, tastes, smell, become, grow, etc.1.4 What can be used as “Adverbial” in a sentence?1.4.1 Preposition + a place. For example: in the room A1.4.2 Preposition + time. For example: in 1918 A1.4.3 Preposition + a tr
23、affic tool. For example: by bus A1.4.3 Preposition + a noun. For example: with your help A1.5 What can be used as “DO” in a sentence?1.5.1 Nouns. For example: Give me the book. DO1.5.2 Pronouns. For example: Pass them to me. DO1.6 What can be used as “IO” in a sentence?1.6.1 Pronouns. For example: S
24、end him a letter. IO1.6.2 Nouns. For example: Send my mum a letter. IO1.6.3 Appellations. For example: Send Mr. Jin a letter. IO1.7 What can be used as “C” in a sentence?1.7.1 Adjectives. For example: It makes me happy. CThe implied logic between “me” and “happy” is “I am happy”1.7.2 Nouns. For exam
25、ple: The war left him an orphan. C1.7.3 ing phrases. For example: He found it exciting. C1.8 “There be ” is actually an inversion of “SV” or “SVA”. For example:1.8.1 There is a boy in the room. V S A1.8.2 There sits a boy. V S II Find the differences SP vs. SVA 2.1. P in “SP” means “link. verb” + “a
26、dj. / noun”2.2 VA means “intransitive verb”+ adverb2.3 For example: look great P (link verb + adj.) work hard V A (vi. + adv.)III Find the differences SVOC vs. SVOA3.1 “C” means “nouns / adjectives.”3.2 “A” means “adverbs / prepositional phrases”3.3 For example: make him a hero / happy V O Cmiss you
27、 very much / in my heart V O AI 要求学生适当记笔记，区分词性与句子成分。II 要求学生记笔记，抓住重点和难点。III 要求学生记笔记，抓住重点和难点。I 逐条总结S, V, O, P, IO， DO, C 等基本概念。II 强化重点和难点，以便学生更准确地识别句子结构。III 强化重点和难点，以便学生更准确地识别句子结构。Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking导学案【学习目标】1学会本节单词、短语2掌握本节语法结构。【学习重难点】掌握句子成分及常见的句式结构。【学习过程】一、重点词汇1.forw
28、ard词性_ 意思_2.analyse词性_ 意思_3.structure词性_ 意思_4.underline词性_ 意思_5.look forward to盼望，期待6. come out出现；显露come up with想出；提出come across偶遇二、语法结构Grammar:第一部分：句子成分在英文中，有八大句子成分，分别是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。一个句子一般由两部分构成：即_部分和_部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括_，_，_，_等。1）主语(S)：主语是句子的核心成分之一。与其它成分比较，主语相对来说变化比较少，位置通常位于句首，倒
29、装句时除外。大部分主语由名词、代词或名词短语充当，表示动作的施动者。但除了名词及代词之外，还有一些结构可以充当主语，还有动名词、动词不定式、从句等。如：We will go climbing today.（今天我们将去爬山。）Today is Sunday.（今天是星期天。）这两句话中单词today是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做_。2）谓语(V)：谓语一般由动词或动词短词充当，用于表示一个句子（或者从句）中主语的行为动作或状态。谓语是句子主干(主谓宾)三个核心成分之一。一般放在主语的_。如：We will go climbing today.（今天我们将去爬山。）Today is Sund
30、ay.（今天是星期天。）这两句话中单词_和_都是动词，_叫做实意动词，_叫做be动词，它们在句中作_。3）宾语(O)：宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。放在_或者_之后。如：We worked with him yesterday.（昨天我们和他一起工作）4）定语：用于描述名词，代词，短语或从句的性质，特征范围等情况的词叫做定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的_或_担任。形容词放在名词_，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的_。如：This is a red flower.She is a beautif
31、ul girl.5）状语：说明事物发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，结果方式，条件或伴随情况，程度等情况的词叫状语。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如：He studies hard.The tree is too high.6）表语：表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。例：We are very happy.The dictionary is on the desk.7）宾语补足语：英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾
32、语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。例：He was seen to take his cap off.（这里off作cap的补语）有人看见他脱下了帽子。I think your brother a clever boy.我觉得你的兄弟是个聪明的男孩。宾语补足语和双宾语的区别：双宾语就是有些动词后面跟直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的_，间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示的行为的_。例如: They gave him a watch. 这里的him是_，a watch 是_，这种间接宾语和直接宾语同时出现的情况叫双宾语。在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句
33、子意思仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。We call him Jack.我们叫他杰克。这里him是宾语，Jack是宾语补足语。They appointed him chairman.他们任命他为主席。这里的him是宾语，chairman是宾语补足语。第二部分：简单句的基本结构简单句一般有哪些基本结构？英语句子长短简繁不一，但可以归纳成五种基本句型：基本句型一：S + V（主谓）基本句型二：S + V + P（主谓/系表）基本句型三：S + V + O（主谓宾）基本句型四: S + V + InO +
34、DO(主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五: S + V + O + OC（主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一S(subject) +V(verb)（主谓）特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g. The sun will rise.基本句型 二S + V + O（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做_。e.g. Heplaysfootball.主谓宾基本句型 三S + V + P（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
35、谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做（连）系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用，后可接动词外的任何词；2）感官动词类 look, feel, smell, taste, sound等+adj.3）表示变化：get, become, turn, go, grow等4）表示状态延续：stay, keep, prove, remain等基本句型 四S + V + InO + DO（主谓间宾直宾）特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常可改为S +V+DO+prep.+InOe.g.Ile
36、ndhima dictionary.=I lend a dictionary to him.SVInODO说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He shows me a beautiful picture.常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等；基本句型 五S +V + O + OC（主谓宾宾补）特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须
37、加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：能表达成宾语是/做e.g.Weelecthimmonitor.SVOOC注：此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：He considers himself an expert on the subject.他认为自己是这门学科的专家。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。I had my bike stolen.我的自行车被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我们邀请他来我们学校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你对这里所谈的话保密。用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.
