1、现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时的基本结构 have/has+动词过去分词 （has用于第三人称单数）过去分词的变化：(1)规则变化 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed-ed work play worked played worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d-d hope live hoped lived hoped lived 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词，先 双写这个辅音字母，再 加-ed-ed stop trip stopped tripped stopped tripped 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y y”为“i i
2、”再加-ed-ed study worry studiedworried studiedworried不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA:put put put letlet letABA:becomebecamebecomeABB:standstoodstoodABC:eat ateeatenAAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：
3、动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-
4、e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-madefeel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear
5、-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-taken
6、give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-been are-were-been,do(does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)写出下列动词
7、的过去分词形式.wake _ 2.teach _ 3.sell _4.see _ 5.ride _ 6.pay _7.choose _ 8.throw _ 9.think _10.eat _ 11.drive _ 12.catch _13.bring _ 14.break _15.give _16.get _17.know _ 18.open _19.write _ 20.forget _woken taughtsold seenridden paid chosen thrownthought eaten driven caught brought brokengiven gotgotten
8、known openedwritten forgotten第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称肯定句肯定句(主语主语 +助动词助动词have/has+动词的词的过去分词。过去分词。)I have written an article.We have written an article.You have written an article.You have written an article.He/She/It has written an article.They have written an article.否定句否定句(主语主语 +助动词助动词have/has+not+
9、have/has+not+动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。)I havent written an article.We havent written an article.You havent written an article.You havent written an article.He/She/It hasnt written an article.They havent written an article.一般疑问句一般疑问句(助动词助动词Have/Has+Have/Has+主语主语 +动词的过去动词的过去分词分词?)?)Have you written an article?
10、Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Has he/she/it written an article?Have they written an article?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+动动词的过去分词？词的过去分词？)What have you done?What have you done?What have you done?What have you done?What has he/she/
11、it done?What have they done?现在完成时的基本句型：（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)I have seen him since his wedding day.I havent seen him since his wedding day.Have you seen him since his wedding day?Yes,I have./No,I havent.He has written to me since I have been ill.(改否定句和一般疑问句)Has he written to you since you have been ill?
12、He hasnt written to me since I have been illYes,he has.No,he hasnt.现在完成时的基本用法 (一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同 现 在 的 联 系。常 用 的 时 间 状 语 有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light already.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)-Are you free?-I have already finished my hom
13、ework.I am free.(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Ive already had breakfast.=Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调)Have you had breakfast already?注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.She has already been late.（现在完成时）She was already
14、 late.（一般过去时）2.yet在现在完成时中的用法 否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”I havent had breakfast yet.Have you had breakfast yet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,already要变成yet放在句末。I have already done my homework.否定句:一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?3.ever在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Ive ever been to
15、Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”Ive never been to Beijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”He has ever made dumplings.否定句:一般疑：Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.He has never made dumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”Ive just had
16、breakfast.What have they just done?6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。现在完成时的基本用法I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个
17、小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)1.for+I have been here for 5 weeks.Hes studied English for 3 years.时间段2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点 I have been here since 2000.I have been here since 5 years ago.I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since:(自以来)1)since+时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+时间段+
18、agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+从句She has taught English since he came here.for:(长达）for+时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since,for 的用法:6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_
19、 they were at primary school.(already,just,since)10.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet)for just ever since yet注1):对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?注2):
20、短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用.(误)I have left there for 5 years.(正)I have been away there for 5 years.选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandp
21、arents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince瞬间动词与延续性动词瞬间动词与时间段的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用，常见的瞬间动词有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。They have left Shanghai.You can borrow
22、the book for 2 weeks.(X)若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语,我们可用相应的来代替瞬间动词。You can keep the book for 2 weeks.但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。E.g.：I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。瞬间动词与延续动词间的转换5.短暂动词和延续动词转换瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend
23、/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach练习 判断：他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour()He has been at the station for half an hour.He arrived at the station half an hour agoHe _the club since two years a
24、go.Joined B.has joined C.has been in翻译：这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-The film has been on for fifteen minutes.XC改 错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business
25、.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeenhave/has been tohave/has gone to have/has been in的用法区别 have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。They have been to Beijing.(去过北京，现在人在衡阳)have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。They have gone to Beijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中)h
26、ave been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。They have been in Beijing for two years.(在北京呆了两年)用have/has been to和have/has gone to填空 1.Hi，Lucy，you ever Beijing？No，I .2.What about your sister，Lucy？Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week.Ok，thanks.Youre welcome.have been to haventhas gone to用Have been
27、to,have gone to,have been in 填空Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking
28、 for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用。一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过
29、。（现在是否住在北京不知道）It is+一段时间 +since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+has passed +since+句子(一般过去时)Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bou
30、ght an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。eg：They have known each other since 1950.Since he was a chil
31、d,he has lived in England.常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:yesterday(昨天),the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间 等;eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.We finished our task last week.用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the fi
32、lm?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club for nearly one week.Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been 4.My father_(give)up _(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They
33、_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visitedTranslation 1.他昨天去北京了。2.他去北京两天了。He went to Beijing yesterday.（现在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing for two days.（说明他现在仍然在北京。）Practice单项选择 He _ working.A.have just started B.
34、has just startC.has just stars D.has just started2._ you _ your suitcase yet?Do,pack B.Did,pack C.Have,packD.Have,packed3.I _ my room already.have tidied B.had tidied C.have tidiedD.will tidy4.There _ several meetings during the past few days.A.have been B.has been C.will be D.are5.I _ my plane tick
35、et,but I cant find it.will buy B.would buy C.have boughtD.have buyed6.-What has Denis done?-He _ over a vase.has knocked B.had knocked C.knockedD.is knocking7.Everything is all right;nothing _.is happened B.was happened C.will be happened D.has happened8.They cant buy a computer because they _ all t
36、heir money.are spending B.have spent C.spendD.will spend1.去年我去了苏州。We went to Suzhou last year.2.我每天早上7：00起床。I get up at 7:00 every day.3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。I am going to visit my teacher next week.4.看！那边有个女孩在哭。Look!The girl is crying over there.5.汤姆去过北京2次了。Tom has been to Beijing twice.6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。He h
37、as lived there for ten year.练习l自从我来到这正好两天It is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be)ten years since I _(finish)middle school.ishas been finished动 词 填 空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)th
38、is film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their sof
39、tware programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all de
40、pends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vac
41、ation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts Thank You!
