1、 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:1 Processing Promoters for Tire Compound Processing用于轮胎胶料的加工助剂用于轮胎胶料的加工助剂Dr.Lothar Steger/范汝良Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH莱茵化学（青岛）有限公司 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:2 Processing Promoters:Definition加工助剂的定义加工助剂的定义Processing Promoters are tailer made additives,
2、which enable a homogeneous mixing and the subsequent processing of the rubber compound“加工助剂是一种量身定做的添加剂，它们可以实现均相混炼并改善后续加工行为。Processing Promoters improve the extrusion,calandering and molding performance but do not negatively influence the vulcanization properties of the mixture.“它们可以改善挤出、压延和模压硫化性能并且不
3、会对硫化胶性能带来负面影响。5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:3 Viscosity(Pa x s)102103104101101021040CompressionMixingExtrusionInjectionmouldingmouldingHigh Pressure Capillary Rheometer(HKR)Mooney ExtruderRheovulcameterShear rate(s-1)Correlation 生产过程与实验设备的相关性生产过程与实验设备的相关性Production and Laboratory Equipment高压毛
4、细管流变仪门尼粘度挤出机流变硫化仪模压硫化模压硫化混炼混炼挤出挤出注压硫化注压硫化剪切速率剪切速率粘度粘度 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:4 Division of Processing Promoters according to Their Chemical Composition 根据化学组成对加工助剂的分类根据化学组成对加工助剂的分类Chemical descriptionExamplesHydrocarbons碳氢化合物Paraffinic waxes and oils链烷烃蜡 Metal soaps金属皂类Zn-,Ca-,Mg-,K-so
5、aps锌/钙/镁/钾皂Carboxyl-organic compounds羧基化合物Fatty-acids,-alcohols,-esters 脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪脂类Resins树脂类Petroleum-,Indene-Coumarone-,Phenolic-resins石油/古马隆-茚/酚醛Crosslinked glycerides交联甘油酯Vulcanized vegetable oils交联植物油Polymers with low molecular weigth低分子量聚合物Poly-ethylene,-propylene,-butadiene聚乙烯、聚丙烯、丁二烯Other or
6、ganic compounds with hetereoatoms其它杂原子有机物Aryldisulphide,Fatty-acid-amide芳基二硫化物、脂肪酸酰胺 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:5 Division of Processing Promoters according to their effects in the tire compound根据对轮胎胶料的影响的分类根据对轮胎胶料的影响的分类Effect in tire 轮胎胶compound 料影响Chemical Composition化学组成Trade Names 商品名M
7、astication Agent塑解剂2,2-dibenzamido-diphenyldisulfideFe-complex with organic additivesRenacit 11Aktiplast 8Dispersant分散剂Fatty-acid,-alcohol,-ester脂肪酸醇酯Mixture of Zn-soap,fatty-ester,fillerAflux 42Aktiplast STLubricant润滑剂Zn-soaps锌皂Ca-soaps钙皂Aktiplast PPAflux 16Homogenizer 均匀剂Special fraction hydrocarb
8、on resins特殊碳氢树脂Rhenosin TP 100Tackifier增粘剂Indene-Coumarone-Resin/low m.w.Alkylated phenolic resin古马隆-茚/烷基化酚醛树脂Rhenosin C-30Rhenosin PT 100 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:6 Processing Promoters with Mastication Effect具有塑炼效果的加工助剂Description组成组成Effects效果效果Product产品产品Fatty-acid,-ester,Fe-hemi脂肪酸/脂
9、/铁的络合物Mastication of NR塑炼Aktiplast 8Zn-soaps(mainly saturated),Fe-hemi饱和脂肪酸锌和铁的络合物Mastication of NR,Improvement of flow 塑炼和改善流动性Aktiplast MZn-soaps(mainly unsaturated)Fe-hemi不饱和脂肪酸锌和铁的络合物Mastication of NR,Filler Dispersion塑炼和填料分散Aktiplast FAlkylated-Poly-Sulfides,Fatty-acids,Fe-hemi烷基多硫化物/脂肪酸/铁的络合物M
10、astication of NR,塑炼Filler Dispersion,填料分散Improvement of flow 改善流动Aflux 61 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:7 Mastication Effect塑炼效果塑炼效果Mooney Viscosity ML1+4/100C010203040506070801 day6 days11 daysFatty AcidFe-hemiNoneNoneZn-soapsaturatedFe-hemiZn-soapUnsaturatedFe-hemiAlk.-Poly-sulfideFatty-aci
11、dsFe-hemiNR,Internal Mixer,3,dumped at 140，天然橡胶在密炼机中密炼3分钟排胶温度140 Aktiplast 8Aktiplast MAktiplast FAflux 61ML1+4/100C无塑解剂脂肪酸与铁络合物饱和锌皂与铁络合物不饱和锌皂与铁络合物烷基多硫化物、脂肪酸与铁络合物 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:8 Mode of Action of Processing Promoters加工助剂的作用原理 External LubricantSoluble in Polymer Insoluble in
12、Polymer Internal LubricantD Di i s sp pe er rs sa an nt tL Lu ub br ri i c ca an nt t内润滑作用内润滑作用溶解于橡胶中溶解于橡胶中外润滑作用外润滑作用不溶解于橡胶中不溶解于橡胶中分散分散润滑润滑 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:9 Processing Promoter Effects as a function of their polymer solubility溶解度不同加工助剂作用效果不同溶解度不同加工助剂作用效果不同Polymersoluble additiv
13、e与橡胶相容intramolecularLubricant分子内润滑surface coating of fillers;leads to polymer swelling填料表面涂层导致橡胶溶胀Dispersant分散分散Polymerinsoluble additive与橡胶不相容extramolecularLubricant分子外润滑migration to the polymer surface under stress应力作用下迁移到橡胶表面Lubricant润滑润滑 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:10 Processing Promote
14、r Lubricant Effects加工助剂的润滑作用加工助剂的润滑作用p pcritVgVgwallMixturewallVgFilmslippage膜滑动膜滑动high processing prom.Concentration加工助剂浓度高加工助剂浓度高wallMixtureEffects at critical shear stress with active processing promoters Effects at critical shear stresswithout processing promoter Wall-Slip Wall-StickFilm-Slippag
15、e不含加工助剂时临界剪切应力影响含加工助剂时临界剪切应力影响 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:11 Change of polymer conformation with shear stress随剪切橡胶聚集体结构的变化随剪切橡胶聚集体结构的变化statistical polymer coil in the core of the flow as area of low shear低剪切速率区域橡胶低剪切速率区域橡胶分子链的卷曲分子链的卷曲polymer chain orientation at high shear stress高剪切应力下的橡高剪
16、切应力下的橡胶分子链取向胶分子链取向Capillary Wall毛细管壁 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:12 Analytical determination of surface concentration表面浓度的检测分析Surface analysis via FTIR-Spectroscopy:SampleCalibration of the EPDM-Zinc-Soap mixture:2468100,40,60,811,2Concentration Zn-soap phrExtinctionReference peak:1376/cmRe
17、gression coeff.=0,99927Characteristical pattern of the zinc soap:1532 1/cmProcessingPromoter 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:13 Processing Promoters Lubricant Effect加工助剂的润滑效果Processing Promoters perform a certain function determined by their solubility in the rubber.加工助剂加工助剂润滑效果取决于它们在橡胶中的溶解度The
18、y reduce shear stress due to high surface concentrations at location of high shear gradient.They resolve in the mix after leaving the shear zone(die).加工助剂加工助剂降低剪切应力，这是因为在高剪切区域其浓度很高Each polymer or blend needs its unique processing promoter taking into accaount the processing technique.任何橡胶或其共混物都有与其相适
19、应的加工助剂加工助剂Processing Promoetrs increase quality and quantity of extrusion and injection molding significantly.加工助剂加工助剂有效增加挤出、注射产品的质量和产量 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:14 Tread：Carbon Black/E-SBR胎面胶：胎面胶：炭黑炭黑/E-SBRSBR 1712110BR-Buna CB 10 20N-220 80Aromatic Oil 10Aktiplast GT 3Stearic acid 16PPD
20、 1TMQ 1Wax/Antilux 654 2Zn0 3Sulfur 2,2TBBS/Vukacit NZ0,9加工助剂加工助剂:Aktiplast GT/PP(Zn-soap/mainly saturated)Control without Processing Promoter100Mixing(Mooney,HPCR)ML 1+4/100C 85 HPCR 100C/11s-1 85Extrusion(Torsiograph)Extrusion rate g/min 104 Extrusion volume cm/min 117Curing(Rheovulcameter)Injecti
21、on volume mm3 160Injection speed mm3/sec 115Literature 参考文献ITEC 1998 Akron/OHRhein Chemie Technical Report 63 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:15 viscoelastic properties depend strongly on the degree of silanisation 胶料粘弹性能强烈依赖于硅烷化反应的程度varying green rubber properties会改变生胶强度 Milling behaviour stro
22、ngly depends on degree of silanisation混炼行为强烈依赖于硅烷化反应的程度Porosity 白炭黑的多孔性Varying extrudate swell改变挤出胀大Plugged ventings堵塞排气孔Problems related with the processing of silica compounds白炭黑混炼胶存在的弊端白炭黑混炼胶存在的弊端 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:16 Tread：Carbon Black/E-SBR胎面胶：胎面胶：炭黑炭黑/E-SBRS-SBR-Buna VSL 195
23、5-S2596Nd-BR-Buna CB 2430Silica-Ultrasil 700070Carbon Black N-11010X-50 S(50%Si-69)12,5Aktiplast ST 5ZnO 3Stearic acid 1Aromatic Oil20TMQ 16PPD 1,5Antilux 654 1,5CBS 1,5DPG 2Sulphur 1,5Processing Promoter:Aktiplast ST(mixture of Zn-soap,fatty-ester,filler)Control without Processing Promoter 100Mixin
24、g(Mooney,HPCR)ML 1+4/100C 83HPCR 100C/11s-1 85Extrusion(Torsiograph)Extrusion rate g/min 116Extrusion volume cm/min 117Curing(Rheovulcameter)Injection volume mm3 200Injection speed mm3/sec 155LiteratureITEC 1996 Akron/OHRhein Chemie Technical Report 60 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:17 Influen
25、ce of Aktiplast ST Flow properties莱茵塑分莱茵塑分ST对流动性能的影响对流动性能的影响01020304050600 phr1 phr2 phr3 phr4 phr5 phr05001.0001.5002.0002.5000 phr1 phr2 phr3 phr4 phr5 phr05.00010.00015.00020.00025.0000 phr1 phr2 phr3 phr4 phr5 phr010203040506070800 phr1 phr2 phr3 phr4 phr5 phrML(1+4)100CExtrusion:Torque(Nm)Rvulc
26、.volumeHKR(90C,11/s)Viscosity(Pas)5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:18 Description of the Rheovulcameter流变硫化仪的实验过程流变硫化仪的实验过程 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:19 Rheovulcameter 流变硫化仪实验结果Different Amount of Processing Promoter(Aktiplast ST)不同用量的加工助剂莱茵塑分不同用量的加工助剂莱茵塑分STO phr1 phr2 phr3 phr4 phr5
27、phr 5/14/2023 Processing Promoters Folie:20 Processing Promoter for Silica Tread Compounds用于用于白炭黑胎面胶白炭黑胎面胶的加工助剂的加工助剂Improves filler dispersion改善填料分散Dramatically improves flow properties改善流动性Increases scorch safety 提高焦烧安全Reduces energy consumption in extrusion 减少挤出能量消耗Improves wet traction without negative effecton rolling resistance改善湿滑牵引性能不伤害滚动损失
