1、 取代基定位效应取代基定位效应Directing EffectsFe or FeX3浓 H2SO4 or发烟 H2SO4RXXNO2SO3HRCROX2HNO3浓H2SO4AlCl3or(RCO)2ORCOClAlCl3X=Cl,BrZnCl2CH2ClH2CO,HClHClAlCl3,CuClCHOCO,HClAlCl3,CuClCHOCO 二取代苯的用途二取代苯的用途取代基对苯环电子密度的影响取代基对苯环电子密度的影响H2.1C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0Si1.8P2.1S2.4Cl3.0Br2.8I2.5Electronegativity Values-Bond Polarisati
2、on and Inductive Effects-I Inductive Effects+I Inductive EffectsCFd d+COCClCHCCCH3CH3CH3d d+d d+d d-d d-CCH3d d-d d+d d+d d+d d-d d-d d-Inductive Effects are Short RangeIn Contrast to Resonance EffectsCH2ClCHHH3Cd d+d d+d d+d d+d d-The polarised C-Cl bond transmits further polarisation through the s
3、-bond framework,But effect drops off quicklyThis proton is acidic.See Elimination reactions and alkene formation.取代基对苯环电子密度的影响取代基对苯环电子密度的影响 亲近相邻，置于眼下亲近相邻，置于眼下 NH2OHORRArNO2NR3CNSO3HFClBrICROCHOCOHOCORONHC ROHCF3CCl3NHRNR2OOC ROH2.1C2.5N3.0O3.5F4.0Si1.8P2.1S2.4Cl3.0Br2.8I2.5Electronegativity Values 孤电子对孤电子对 主观主观客观客观有电负性高的原子有电负性高的原子作业作业双取代基的定位双取代基的定位KMnO4or K2CrO7O2/V2O5400 oCOOOCR(H)R(H)HKMnO4COOHCRRRKMnO4Na/NH3（液）C2H5OHNa/NH3（液）C2H5OHNa/NH3（液）C2H5OHNi,180200oC+H2高压高压Na/NH3（液液）C2H5OH注意双键的位置注意双键的位置作业作业根据起始原料和产物，写出必要的步骤和试剂根据起始原料和产物，写出必要的步骤和试剂
