1、TOEFL ReadingNew Oriental School Luoyang BranchTOEFL Teaching Group Joanna zuo5601159289托福题型分类：词汇题：Identify确认确认Modify修改修改Satisfy满意满意Simplify简化简化Consists of 由由 组成组成Combines 联合联合Restricts 限制限制Establishes 建立建立Restricted限制限制Endangered灭绝灭绝Prevented预防预防Rejected拒绝拒绝Enclosed附上附上Permanent永久的永久的Motionless静止的静
2、止的Intact完整的完整的Explained解释解释Visible可见的可见的Identified认出认出Located处于处于Streams溪流溪流Cracks破裂破裂Storms暴风暴风Earthquakes地震地震sudden 突然突然 的的 unusual 不寻常的不寻常的 immediate 立即的立即的 extreme极其的极其的specific 特定的特定的 unlimited 无限的无限的 reasonable 合理的合理的 long长的长的托福题型分类：词汇题：The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to.In sta
3、ting X,the author means that词汇题方法一生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示We all know that ants are ferocious eaters.They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous,herbivorous,or omnivorous,meaning that some eat meat;others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.词汇题方法一生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示This includes p
4、oultry for the main course(e.g.chicken,turkey,duck,goose),salads,breads,and vegetable,and features a variety of desserts,for example,pies,puddings,and ice cream.词汇题方法一生词的含义在从句和上下句中暗示This includes poultry for the main course(e.g.chicken,turkey,duck,goose),salads,breads,and vegetable,and features a va
5、riety of desserts,for example,pies,puddings,and ice cream.（）破折号逗号The worlds heaviest flower is a parasite that flourishes among,and lives off of,the roots of jungle vines.Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg).A.smelly B.hidden C.mature D.heavyThe worlds heaviest flower is a p
6、arasite that flourishes among,and lives off of,the roots of jungle vines.Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg).A.smelly B.hidden C.mature D.heavySome of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place;other mechanisms woul
7、d be more likely to have taken place more gradually,over an extended period,or at different times on different continents.Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.3.The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning toA.specific B.unlimited C.reasonabl
8、e D.longSome of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place;other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually,over an extended period,or at different times on different continents.Some hypotheses fail to account for sim
9、ultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.3.The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning toA.specific B.unlimited C.reasonable D.longOf the various hypotheses假设 attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions,the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is th
10、e asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez.According to this hypothesis,Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers,or with several asteroids,the combined mass of which was comparable.8.The phrase account for in the passage is closest in m
11、eaning toA.describe B.challenge C.explain D.testOf the various hypotheses假设 attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions,the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez.According to this hypothesi
12、s,Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers,or with several asteroids,the combined mass of which was comparable.8.The phrase account for in the passage is closest in meaning toA.describe B.challenge C.explain D.testAn asteroid of this size would be expected to leave
13、 an immense crater,even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact.The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock.11.The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning toA.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extremeAn asteroid of this size would be e
14、xpected to leave an immense极大的 crater,even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact.The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock.11.The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning toA.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extreme词汇题方法二并列，平行与排比or
15、 and also as well as 等She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.Q：The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning totook a trip tostarted out onimproved uponhad a opinion aboutShe embarked on her career职业生涯 by working as a
16、newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.Q：The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning totook a trip tostarted out onimproved uponhad a opinion aboutThe subjects of the paintings are mostly animals.The paintings rest on bare walls,with no backdrops or environme
17、ntal trappings.5The word“trappings”in the passage is closest in meaning to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals.The paintings rest on bare walls,with no backdrops背景 or environmental trappings.5The word“trappings”in the passage is closest in mean
18、ing to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated(unsolidified)sediments or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering.7.The word“fractures”in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms eart
19、hquakesGroundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated(unsolidified)sediments or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering.7.The word“fractures”in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms earthquakesSeveral skeletons of another early w
20、hale,Basilosaurus,were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.The word“exposed”in the passage is closest in meaning to explained visible identified locatedSeveral skeletons of another early whale,Basilosaurus,were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and
21、now exposed in the Sahara desert.The word“exposed”in the passage is closest in meaning to explained visible identified located词汇题方法三对比，转折But,yet,however,although,even though,instead Rather than,contrast 等We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude,but the cave paintings of Spain and s
22、outhern France show a marked degree of skill.So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa.1The word“marked”in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude,but the cave paint
23、ings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill.So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa.1The word“marked”in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate Water does not remain immobile in an aquifer but can seep
24、out at springs or leak into other aquifers.The rate of movement may be very slow:in the Indus plain,the movement of saline(salty)groundwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped.10.The word“immobile”in the passage is closest in meaning to enclosed permanent motionless in
25、tactW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1Water does not remain immobile in an aquifer but can seep out at springs or leak into other aquifers.The rate of movement may be very slow:in the Indus plain,the movement of saline(salty)groundwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being t
26、apped.10.The word“immobile”in the passage is closest in meaning to enclosed permanent motionless intactW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers,activists working for womens right to vote,or authors,and were not representative at all of the
27、great of ordinary women.The word representative is closest in meaning to which of following?typical satisfied supportive distinctiveW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers,activists working for womens right to vote,or authors,and were not
28、representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word representative is closest in meaning to which of following?typical satisfied supportive distinctiveW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1In the United States,Louis Comfort Tiffany(1843-1933)was the most noted exponent of this style,produci
29、ng a great variety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word prized is closest in meaning to which of following?valueduniversaluncommonpreservedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1In the United States,Louis Comfort Tiffany(1843-1933)was
30、the most noted exponent of this style,producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word prized is closest in meaning to which of following?valueduniversaluncommonpreservedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1词汇题方法四动宾搭配，形
31、容词修饰搭配Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry,salad,dogwood,and almost any other shrub or herb.The word inhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes W I T H L O V E G E N I U S H
32、 O M E 1Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,the black-tailed deer on huckleberry,salad,dogwood水木,and almost any other shrub or herb.The word inhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes W I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M
33、 E 1The deserts,which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface,have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace.The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification.It has been estimated that an additional
34、one-fourth of the Earths land surface is threatened by this process.1.The word“threatened”in the passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejectedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1The deserts,which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface,have in re
35、cent decades been increasing at an alarming pace.The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification.It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earths land surface is threatened by this process.1.The word“threatened”in the
36、passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejectedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people,including their parents,because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately.The word“
37、gratify”in the passage is closest in meaning to identify modify satisfy simplifyW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people,including their parents,because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately.Th
38、e word“gratify”in the passage is closest in meaning to identify modify satisfy simplifyW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1词汇题方法五词根词缀complexperplexperspectiveIdentifymodifysatisfySimplifyConsists of Combines Restricts Establishes restrictedendangeredpreventedRejectedenclosedpermanentmotionlessintac
39、texplainedvisibleidentifiedLocatedstreamscracksstormsearthquakessudden unusual immediate extremespecific unlimited reasonable longIdentify确认Modify修改Satisfy满意Simplify简化Consists of 由 组成Combines 联合Restricts 限制Establishes 建立Restricted限制Endangered灭绝Prevented预防Rejected拒绝Enclosed附上Permanent永久的Motionless静止的Intact完整的Explained解释Visible可见的Identified认出Located处于Streams溪流Cracks破裂Storms暴风Earthquakes地震sudden 突然 的 unusual 不寻常的 immediate 立即的 extreme极其的specific 特定的 unlimited 无限的 reasonable 合理的 long长的Thank You
