1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解重点词汇 1.deadline n.2.clarify v.3.adj.恰当的,合适的 adv.恰当地,合适地 4.v.促进,增进 n.促进,提升 截止时间,最后期限澄清,讲清楚,阐明appropriate appropriatelypromote promotion重点短语1.turn over 2.hand in 3.put off 4.make sure 5.put.into.6.提出 7.一开始 8.反过来 9.换句话说 翻转交上推迟,拖延确保把放到里面come up withto begin within turnto pu
2、t it another way重点句式重点语法This is what his room looked like yesterday morning.过去完成时的被动语态.单句语法填空1.The floor looked clean,because it(clean)before we arrived.答案:had been cleaned2.As soon as she heard the news that her lost baby(find),the excited mother burst into tears.答案:had been found3.When I got to th
3、e theatre,I found the tickets(sell)out.答案:had been sold4.I caught the train at the last second and all the seats(occupy).I stood all the way.答案:had been occupied5.It was reported that more than 1,000 people(kill)in the tornado.答案:had been killed.完成句子1.当她到家时,她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。When she got home,she foun
4、d that her keys in her office.答案:had been left2.到下午四点半,差不多营业时间结束的时候,几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。By 16:30,which was almost closing time,nearly all the paintings.答案:had been sold out3.报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。The newspaper reported more than 1,000 people in the hurricane.答案:had been killed4.政府宣布到去年年底已经修建了六条高速公路。The governme
5、nt announced that six freeways by the end of last year.答案:had been built5.当我们到达事故现场时,我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。When we got to the spot of the accident,we were told that the injured to the nearest hospital.答案:had been sent重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.Before I turned over a new leaf,I had always been a very lazy student
6、.在我改过自新之前,我一直是个懒惰的学生。(p.17)【词汇精讲】turn over打翻;翻身;移交;turned over a new leaf表示“改过自新”。The desk lamp was turned over by someone.台灯被人打翻了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】turn away拒绝入内;把打发走turn down关小;拒绝turn up出现;露面;调大turn out证明是;结果是;赶走;生产Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was to
7、o busy.上个周末,汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请,因为他太忙了。Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject.甚至那些过去不喜欢英语的学生也对这门课感兴趣了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.Indeed,I would deliberately“lose”my homework in my incredibly messy room,so that I could put off(do)it!事实上,我会故意把作业
8、“丢”在我那乱七八糟的房间里,这样我就可以推迟做作业了!(p.17)【词汇精讲】put off延期;推迟It is likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week.运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】put forward 提出建议;把向前拨put aside节省;储蓄;把放在一边put away收起来;放好put down记下;放下;镇压put out扑灭;生产put up举起;张贴put through接通电话;完成;使经受put up with容忍;忍受重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练
9、习I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.我乐于接受由电视上的专家提出的任何观点。Believing my novel could not be published,I put it aside.我认为我的小说不会出版,就把它放到了一边。I cant put up with their smoking in the office any longer.我再也不能容忍他们在办公室里吸烟了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.My parents soon work
10、ed out this trick.我父母很快就明白了这个把戏(p.17)【词汇精讲】work out解决;算出;锻炼I think we should work out a plan to deal with this crisis.我认为我们应该做一个计划来处理这场危机。I have worked out your share of the expenses is$10.我已计算出你应分摊的费用是10美元。Mr.White keeps fit by working out for half an hour every morning.怀特先生每天早晨锻炼半个小时以保持身体健康。重点词汇重点
11、句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】figure out 查出,弄清楚break out爆发make out理解,弄清楚let out泄露,放出come out出版,出来find out查出,查明try out试用,试验leave out省略,删掉give out散发,分发,用完I dont figure out what youre trying to say.我不明白你想说什么。The monthly roses will come out soon.月季花很快就要开了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.Use the past perfect passive
12、 where appropriate.在适当的地方使用过去完成时的被动语态。(p.17)【词汇精讲】appropriate adj.恰当的;合适的I dont think it is appropriate for parents to quit their jobs in order to provide better conditions for their children.我认为父母为了给孩子提供更好的条件而放弃工作是不合适的。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】be appropriate to/for 适用于;合乎be appropriate to do sth.做某事是合
13、适的be appropriate that sb.(should)do某人做是合适的It is appropriate that.是合适的appropriately adv.适当地;合适地It will not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.我现在讨论那件事是不合适的。It is necessary and appropriate that we(should)enjoy nature and taste life.我们都应该享受自然,品味生活,这是必要的,也是恰当的。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习在It is appropriate t
14、hat句型中,从句常用“(should+)动词原形”的虚拟语气结构。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.A school in our city came up with an innovative programme to promote the traditional value of.我们市的一所学校提出了一个创新方案,以促进的传统价值观。(p.19)【词汇精讲】come up with想出,提出(主意、计划、回答等)When you have finished,try to come up with two more events for each ca
15、tegory.当你完成后,每一种类尽量再提出两个项目。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】come about发生come across(偶然)遇见/发现come up被提出;出现;长出地面come out出来;长出;出版;结果是come to共计;达成;苏醒That came about when we went to New York last year.那件事发生在去年我们去纽约时。The subject came up at work.这一话题在工作时被提及。come up with表示“想出,提出”时,主语常为人;come up表示“被想出,被提出”时,主语常为物,不能用被动
16、语态。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习6.Discuss how to promote values education at your school using the words and expressions in this section.用这一部分的单词和词组讨论如何推进你们学校的价值观教育。(p.19)【词汇精讲】promote v.促进,增进;晋升It promotes friendship as well as trade.它不但促进贸易,而且增进友谊。The young army officer was promoted to captain.
17、这位年轻的军官被晋升为上尉。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】promote.to.提升至be/get promoted(to)被晋升(为)promotion n.促进;晋升;促销As long as you work hard,youll get promoted sooner or later.只要你努力工作,早晚你会得到提升的。Heavy promotion helped to make that novel a best-seller.有力的推广宣传使那部小说成为畅销书。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习This is what his room
18、 looked like yesterday morning.这就是昨天早上他房间的样子。(p.17)【句型分析】该句子中,what在表语从句中充当句子成分,起连接作用,有意义,不能省略。what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词+that。理解为双重身份。what=the thing which,这种what从句本质上是一个名词词组被限制性定语从句所修饰。This book is what he bought yesterday.=This book is the thing which he bought yesterday.这本书就是他昨天买的(东西)。/他昨天买的就是这本书。重点词
19、汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【归纳拓展】what引导名词性疑问分句时,本身为疑问词,带有疑问含义,即表示“什么”。如:I dont know what I should say.我不知该说什么。what引导名词性感叹分句时,本身为感叹限定词,表示“多么/这么啊”这样的感叹含义。如:You cant imagine what a clever boy he is.你无法想象他是多么聪明的男孩。遇到what引导的名词性从句时,都要注意what是什么词,从句是否有疑问、感叹含义,是否本质上是名词词组带了定语从句。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习过去完成时的被动语态1.构
20、成:过去完成时的被动语态由“had+been+过去分词”构成,表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前发生的动作或状态,句中常用by,before,until,when等词引导时间状语。Five new buildings had been built by the end of last year.到去年年底已经建了五栋新楼。2.三种形式:过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式:(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done+其他成分(2)否定结构:主语+had not been done+其他成分(3)疑问结构:Had+主语+been done+其他成分;疑问词+had+主语+been done+其
21、他成分 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况:(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?飓风结束时有多少建筑物被毁?Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?新计划会前讨论过吗?By the time he got to the school,the first period had been finished.他到学校时,第一课时已
22、经结束了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.老师来之前教室还没有打扫过。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时的被动语态。They said the production costs had been reduced.他们说生产成本已经降低了。The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.有人提醒那个男孩,他的作业还没交
23、。The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.据媒体报道,地震已造成1000多人死亡。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)根据语意可以判断出发生动作先后的被动语态,用过去完成时。As the assignment had been done,he went on to search the Internet.作业完成后,他继续在网上浏览。He did what he had been told to.他做了别人叫他做的事。注意:当从句由 after,before,when或 as so
24、on as引导时,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。When he arrived,he called her.当他到达时,他给她打了电话。They locked the door before they left.他们离开前把门锁上了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.过去完成时与现在完成时被动语态用法区别:现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作,过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。This polluted river has been cleaned.这条被污染了的河流已被净化。分析:该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。He said this book
25、 had been translated into Japanese.他说这本书已被译成日语。分析:该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习在“It was the first/second.time that.”句型中,此句型主句用一般过去时,that引导的定语从句中,主语和谓语构成动宾关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the third time that he had been beaten black and blue.那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.单句填空1.Using body lan
26、guage(appropriate),you can definitely increase your chances of getting a job.答案:appropriately2.The republics have(work)out a plan for sharing control of nuclear weapons.答案:worked3.He also bought me a digital camera and a telescope for(take)photos and observing the nature.答案:taking重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.O
27、ccasionally a writer(come)up with an idea that can be put into practice within their lifetime!答案:comes5.It was late at night.He had not yet fallen asleep,(turn)over in bed from time to time.答案:turning6.I have had long-standing issues with him since we(work)together in a previous company.答案:worked重点词
28、汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.短语填空1.No one has a better explanation of why dinosaurs died out.答案:come up with2.They paused the stairs,doubtful as to which way to go next.答案:at the top of3.We cant possibly go.,its too far and secondly we cant afford it either.答案:To begin withmake sure;in turn;be careless about;to be
29、gin with;get involved;at the top of;come up with重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.I ask you not to in this kind of matter.Its none of your business.答案:get involved5.First of all,parents should that their children receive good school education.答案:make sure6.Theory is based on practice and serves practice.答案:in turn7
30、.It is said that the great painter his appearance.答案:is careless about重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.完成句子1.在期末,教师们准备考试试卷,学生们为考试做准备。,teachers prepare the exam papers,and students prepare for the exams.答案:At the end of the term2.或者换言之,事故不一定非要发生。Or,an accident does not have to occur.答案:to put it another way重点词汇重点句式重
31、点语法随堂练习3.来自欧洲各地的数千农民在布鲁塞尔市中心举行了大规模的示威游行。Thousands of farmers from across Europe have held a huge demonstration Brussels.答案:in the centre of4.盯着别人看或在公共场所大声交谈是不礼貌的。Its impolite to stare at anyone or to.答案:talk loudly in public5.这儿不允许践踏草地和大声喧哗。It is not allowable to and speak aloud here.答案:walk on the grass
