1、【英语】高一英语阅读理解专项训练100(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Money is the root of all evil (邪恶) and new study claims there may be some truth behind the saying. Scientists at the University of California Berkeley, US, announced on February 27 that rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, th
2、an poorer people. The scientists did a series of eight experiments. They published their findings online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNA美国国家科学院院刊). They carried out the first two experiments from the sidewalk near Berkeley. They noted that drivers of newer and more expens
3、ive cars were more likely to cut off other cars and pedestrians at crosswalks. Nearly 45 percent of people driving expensive ears ignored a pedestrian compared with only 30 percent of people driving mow modest cars. In another experiment, a group of college students was asked if they would do immora
4、l things in various everyday situations. Examples included taking printer paper from work and not telling a salesperson when he or she gave back more change. Students from higher class families were more likely to act dishonestly. According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get th
5、em out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other peoples feelings. Finally, it just makes them greedier. “Higher wealth status seems to make you want even more, and that increased want leads you to bend the rules or break the rules to serve your
6、self- interest,” said Paul Piff, lead scientist of the study. Piff pointed out that the findings dont mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest. He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts（本能）and values in
7、different ways.（1）By saying “money is the root of all evil”, the author wants to . A.link wealth with bad behaviorB.draw readers attention to the researchC.show how the saying proves the findingsD.defend rich people who do immoral things（2）According to the scientists, which is NOT the factor that ma
8、kes rich people immoral? A.They welcome risks.B.They have more desires.C.They believe money talks.D.They become more selfish.（3）Why did the scientists do the experiments? A.To show how social status affects peoples morality.B.To show peoples instincts and values in different ways.C.To test whether t
9、he saying “money is the root of all evil” is true.D.To show the difference between higher - class people and lower - class people.（4）What does the passage really want to show us? A.The poor are respectable.B.Money is the root of all evil.C.All rich people are untrustworthy.D.The rich are more likely
10、 to act badly.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者主要通过展示几个实验的结果，旨在证明金钱是一切罪恶的根源这一说法可能是有一定道理的。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“new study claims there may be some truth behind the sayingthat rich people are more likely to do immoral things, such as lie or cheat, than poorer people.”可知，用这个俗语“金钱是万恶之源”来引出本文的话题富人们是否比
11、穷人们更加有可能做不道德的事情，通过一些实验来证实，让读者们看到这一研究，目的是吸引读者对这个研究的注意，故选B。(2)考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“According to the scientists, rich people often think money can get them out of trouble. This makes them less afraid to take risks. It also means they care less about other peoples feelings.”按照科学家的研究，富人们通常认为钱可以解决一切麻烦，所以他们更不害
12、怕冒险，也意味着他们更少在乎其他人的感受，可知，他们喜欢冒险并不是让他们不道德的因素，而且从常识来说，并不是所有喜欢冒险的人就是富人，而且喜欢冒险也不代表不道德，故选A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“He said the experiments were to show how people living in different social situations express their instincts(本能) and values in different ways.”可知，实验的目的是展示生活在不同的社会状况下的人们如何以不同的方式来表达他们的本能和价值观。故选A。(4
13、)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Piff pointed out that the findings dont mean that all rich people are untrustworthy or all poor people honest.”可知，并不是所有的富人都是不值得信任的，也并不是所有的穷人都是诚实的，故A，C都错误；B项“金钱是万恶之源”这只是一个引子，并不是文章要告诉我们的；根据文章第一段科学家发表的声明可知，富人们更加有可能不道德，也就是行为上更糟糕，恶劣。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确
14、答案。2阅读理解 There are at least 3, 000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 houseboatsboats that people use as homes. Around 10, 000 of them are located in London. The earliest populations of Britains boat people have been living on the water since the canals
15、were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle. Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature. Living on the wa
16、ter sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. There are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on board and dealing with waste water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boa
17、ts are quite small inside, so you dont have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends. Despite these difficulties, the number of people living on Britains waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. More and more families and young profession
18、als are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water, but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house. There is a great sense of community on the waterways; many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and
19、houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. This is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and may hardly know the people next door at all.（1）What does the underlined word alternative in paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Creative.B.Enjoyable.C.Non traditional.D.Primitive.
20、（2）From the third paragraph, we know that it is to live on the boat. A.inconvenientB.easyC.boringD.unforgettable（3）Which of the following information is not given in the text? A.There are lots of rivers and canals in Britain.B.Many people live on houseboats in Wales.C.Houseboat living become popular
21、 in the industrial revolution.D.People who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.（4）Why do many people choose to live on the water? A.living on the water is romanticB.living on the water is easy and naturalC.living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighboursD.living on
22、the water costs less than living on the land【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式 “船屋”。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知，游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的；再
23、根据第一段中的“there are over 30,000 houseboatsboats that people use as homes.” 这些人以船为家的。即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。这与传统的居住方式不同。可知“Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人。即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。选项C. Non tradit
24、ional（非传统的）符合题意，故选C。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ”可知，在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦；以及“There are daily things that need to be done, . In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small insi
25、de, .”比如带上燃料和水，要处理 “废水”等。冬天住在船上很冷，总有一种潮湿感。当然，大多数的船里面都很小.。由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第一段“There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers,. Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.”可知英国有许多河流和运河，其中大约10000个位于伦敦。可知A项正确；第二段中的“The earliest populations of B
26、ritains boat people have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle.”自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的“船民”一直生活在水上。从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来，可知C项正确；以及
27、最后一段中的“many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life.” 许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知D项正确。综合可知B项文章中没有提及，故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only
28、 because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理
29、解 A new study suggests a link between exposure to greenery and reduced desires for alcohol cigarette and junk food. The study is the first to investigate the possible relationships between exposure to nature and desires and negative emotions. Researchers at the University of Plymouths School of Psyc
30、hology surveyed 149 respondents (应答者) aged 21 o 65 about the proportion( 比例 )of green space in their neighborhood, the presence of green views from their home, their access to a garden and how often they use public green space. The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anx
31、iety, as well as desires for things like caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Participants rated the intensity( 强度), imagery, and intrusiveness(侵扰性) of their desires on an 11-point scale. Researchers found the presence of visible green space contributed to decreased desires for junk food. The effect was
32、particularly noticeable when more than 25 percent of a respondents view was greenery. Previous scholarship(学术研究) has dealt mostly with exercise in nature: A 2015 study out of the University of Michigan found 90- minute group nature walks were effective at combatting depression and relieving other mo
33、od disorders. But for people who struggle with accessibility or dont have time for a 90-minute walk, this new study suggests just looking out a window at a tree can help fight off a bad habit. It has been known for some time that being outdoors in nature is linked to a persons well-being, lead autho
34、r Leanne Martin said in a statement. But for there to be a similar association with desires from simply being able to see green space adds a new dimension to the previous research. A 2018 study from Denmarks Aarhus University for example, found that. Having access to green space throughout childhood
35、 decreased a persons risk of developing mental health problems as an adult.（1）What does the second paragraph mainly talk about? A.The results of the new study.B.The purpose of the new study.C.The significance of the new study.D.The content of the new study.（2）What does the underlined word combatting
36、 in paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）According to the passage, the new study _. A.mainly referred to exercise in natureB.has enriched the previous research to some degreeC.was carried out by the University of MichiganD.found exposure to greenery help
37、ed cure mental problems（4）n which section of a newspaper may this passage appear? A.EntertainmentB.Business WorldC.Tech &ScienceD.Environment【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的研究成果-多看绿色植物和吃垃圾食品这两者看似风马牛不相及，可研究结构却表明它们之间存在着一种奇妙的关系：多看绿色植物能帮助人们克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。 （1）考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Researchers surveyed
38、 149 respondents aged 21 o 65 about the proportion of green space in their neighborhood”研究人员调查了年龄在2165岁之间的149名参与者小区内的绿植比例；以及“The study also asked questions about experiences with depression and anxiety”研究中还问了与抑郁及焦虑有关的问题等可知，第二段主要介绍了新研究的调查内容，故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据常识可知，在大自然中散步对人体有各种各样的好处，再结合句中出现的“relieving
39、other mood disorders(缓解其他情绪紊乱)”不难推断出， combatting depression应表示“减轻抑郁”。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“adds a new dimension(方面) to the previous research”为以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某种程度上丰富了之前的研究成果。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一项科学研究的研究成果，所以该文章最有可能出现在“技术与科学”版块。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕
40、捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where shes been while shes on her worldwide vacation in a special way. The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her righ
41、t leg amputated (截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused inconvenience for Gallagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life. To spread that message. Gallagher has gone to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the world,
42、 but instead of simply using a geo-tag (地理位置标签), she writes her location on her artificial leg before taking a picture. Now she has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canal in Amsterdam relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle
43、 in Brussels, taking in the beautiful Parthenon temple in Athens and enjoying a river ride in Budapest, all with the well-known locations written on her artificial leg. I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought to get a chalk-board, Gallagher s
44、aid. My mum and grandmother didnt like the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, so I did. Gallagher said people often stare when shes writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback (反馈), My leg hasnt stopped me from doing anythi
45、ng Ive wanted to do, she said. I dont know if its my determination to prove to myself that I can do it, anyway, Ive been able to keep up with people at my age and lead a pretty great life. Gallagher shows us that you should never let anything stand in the way of your dreams. And if life gives you an
46、 artificial leg, make art.（1）What message did Gallapher want to spread in her special way? A.She enjoys her travelling across the globe.B.She suffers little from her legs amputation.C.she looks on her misfortune as another form of blessing.D.She has exactly fallen in love with posting photos online.（2）What does the word which underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A.the continentB.the picturesC.the legD.the location（3）Gallapher can best be described as _. A.helpful and ambitiousB.friendly and generousC.determined and creativeD.indepen
