1、【英语】阅读理解(教育文化)练习题含答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1阅读理解 By now youve probably heard about the youre not special speech, when English teacher David McCullough told graduating seniors at Wellesley High School: Do not get the idea youre anything special, because youre not. Mothers and fathers present at the ceremo
2、ny 一 and a whole lot of other parents across the Internet took issue with McCulloughs ego-puncturing (伤自尊的) words. But lost in the uproar (喧嚣)was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether theyre particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our
3、eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, its not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average. S
4、uch inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study and its often exactly when were least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously, in a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay t
5、est were the most charitable in their self evaluations, while high-scoring students judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, lack insight into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enligh
6、tening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruger, suffer from a “dual burden: theyre not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are. In Dunning and Krugers study, subjects scoring at the bottom on tests of logi
7、c, grammar and humor -extremely overestimated their talents. Although their test scores put them in the 12th percentile (百分位数) they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked (in addition 9 clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor) was meta cognitive skill the capacity to m
8、onitor how well theyre performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arrived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. Theres a paradox here, the authors note: The skills that lead to competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competenc
9、e in that field? In other words, to get better at judging how well were doing at an activity, we have to get better at the activity itself. There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even whe
10、n you yourself dont possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excellent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly youre doing, but just what it is that youre doing wrong.
11、 As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up. If we adopt these strategies and most importantly, teach them to
12、 our children they wont need parents, or a commencement (毕业典礼)speaker, to tell them that theyre special. Theyll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.（1）The author thinks the real problem is that . A.no requirement is set up for young people to get betterB.we always tend to cons
13、ider ourselves to be privilegedC.we dont know whether our young people are talented or notD.young people dont know how to assess their abilities realistically（2）We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students A.know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammarB.tend to be very comp
14、etent in their high-scoring fieldsC.dont view themselves as competent because they know their limitsD.dont know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgement（3）The strategies of becoming special suggest that . A.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from othersB.the
15、 best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failureC.through comparison with others, one will know where and when he failsD.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special（4）Which can be the best title of this passage? A.Tip On Making Ourselves More Spec
16、ialB.Lets Admit That We Are Not That SpecialC.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It OutD.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，是特殊或者不是？我们要教会孩子理解它。作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。想要变得特别，我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But lost in the uproar （喧嚣）was
17、 something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether theyre particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住：现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有
18、没有天赋，其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“suffer from a “dual burden: theyre not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担，即他们不擅长自己所做的，并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。由此可推断，得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First, we can learn
19、to make honest comparisons with others. 和Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly youre doing, but just what it is that youre doing wrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较，也需要一个人将我们做的不好的，以及做错了什么如实相告。由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实，也需要别人对我们诚实。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“If we adopt these strategies and most importa
20、ntly, teach them to our children they wont need parents, or a commencement (毕业典礼)speaker, to tell them that theyre special. Theyll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.”可知教会了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他们自己是否特别，或者已经在变得特别的路上。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步
21、根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Brian Greene, a professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University, has created an online science education platform. He tries to build a bridge with things you know about, and then bring you across that bridge to the strange place of modern physics.
22、Recently I had a chance to ask Greene about wormholes (a hole which some scientists think might exist, connecting parts of space and time that are not usually connected), time travel and other mysteries of the universe. I asked him a million-dollar question: What if I went through a worm-hole and pr
23、evented my parents from meeting? Most of us believe that the universe makes sense, Greene said. Although there are several interesting theories about time travel, he added, the laws of physics would probably prevent something so illogical from taking place. The good news is that the time paradox (悖论
24、) is open for future physicists to solve. When asked how physics could become more exciting for kids, Greene said that books by Stephen Weinberg, Leonard Susskind, and other physicists, make it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths. Wh
25、en I pointed out that some students still might find physics boring, Greene said that the key is to teach them about things that are strange. The basic stuff is important, Greene said. But I think its really important to also describe the more modern ideas, things like black holes and the Big Bang.
26、If kids have those ideas in mind, then at least some of them will be excited to learn all the details. Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe. Now he wants kids to do the same. As Greene said, physics is not just a matter of solving problems in an
27、exam. Its about experimenting, showing an interest in strange phenomena (现象)and having fun!（1）A million-dollar question is probably very . A.directB.difficultC.personalD.long（2）The books by Weinberg and Susskind . A.are boring to readB.are mainly about mathsC.are popular science booksD.are only popu
28、lar among kids（3）According to Paragraph 4,which of the following does Greene agree with? A.Modern physics is a boring subject.B.Interest plays an important role in studying.C.It is not necessary to learn all about physics.D.It is easy to describe black holes and the Big Bang.（4）In the last paragraph
29、, Greene hopes that . A.kids can love science and physicsB.kids can do well in physics examsC.kids can have fun with experimentsD.kids can find more strange things in life【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，物理和数学教授Brian Greene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提
30、出的这个问题非常难。故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“books bymake it a great time for people who want to learn about big ideas but arent yet ready, perhaps, to learn maths.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。故选C。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的
31、现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。因此可推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Greene has followed Albert Einsteins lead in trying to solve the mysteries of the universe.Now he wants kids to do the same.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑
32、推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill. He served as Americans first president from 1789 to 1797. President Washington has been called the Father of his country. The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill. He was the ma
33、in writer of the Declaration of independence in 1776. Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nations Founding Fathers. He was also a plant expert, architect, musician and inventor. Another of Americans greatest presidents, Abraham Lincoln, is on the five-dollar bill. He served as the sixte
34、enth president from 1861 until 1865. He successfully led the country through the Civil War, saved the Union and ended slavery. The picture of Alexander Hamilton appears on the ten-dollar bill. Hamilton was never president. But he was the first Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Father
35、s. He was also an economist and political philosopher. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president, serving from 1829 to 1837. He supported popular democracy and individual liberty. His picture is on the twenty-dollar bill. Another president is on the fifty-dollar bill. Ulysses S. Grant served from 186
36、9 to 1877. Before serving as president, Grant was military commander of Union forces during the Civil War. Under his command, the Union Army defeated Confederate forces. So who do you think is on the one hundred-dollar bill? It is Benjamin Franklin. Franklin was never elected president, but was one
37、of the Founding Fathers. He was also a leading writer and printer, political thinker, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civil activist, and diplomat. These American statesmen are on the front of the bills. The backs of the notes show images from nations history or famous places. They are
38、in order, the Great Seal of the United States, the signing of Declaration of Independence and the Lincoln Memorial. The others are the Treasury Building, the White House, the Capitol Building and independence Hall.（1）The design of the bills shows that Americans values their peoples_ . A.talents in m
39、any waysB.success in their careersC.inventions in new fieldsD.contributions to the country（2）For hundreds of years, those historic men on the bills fought for the nations _. A.economy and powerB.independence and democracyC.wealth and successD.faith and glory（3）Which of the following might be the bes
40、t title for the text? A.Men on the MoneyB.the Design of US BillsC.History on the MoneyD.the Story of US Bills【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。 （1）考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家的作用与影响，George Washington是第一任总统，Thomas Jefferson独立宣言的主要起草者，Abraham Lincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，
41、Alexander Hamilton第一个财政部长和开国元勋之一，Andrew Jackson支持大众民主和个人自由，Benjamin Franklin开国元勋之一，从而可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“President Washington has been called the Father of his country.；第二段中的“Jefferson was one of the most influential of the nations Founding Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的
42、这些历史上著名的人物，无论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。 （3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The picture of George Washington is on the one-dollar bill.第二段中的The third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, is on the two-dollar bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们对国家所做出的贡献。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及
43、推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 Some African schools are adding programs that teach what officials are calling soft skills to students. Soft skills are personal qualities that help a person relate effectively to others. Officials say this kind of training can he
44、lp students succeed in the job market and in life. The training is being offered at the St. Bernadette Kamonyi Secondary School in Kigali, Rwanda. For weeks, its students have been visiting neighborhood businesses. The goal of these field trips is for the young people to learn what is necessary to s
45、ecure a job. For the secondary school students, this information is important. In a few months, theyll complete their studies and try their best to find work. One of the Rwandan students is 22-year-old Aminadab Niyitegeka. He says he will look for any job available. He hopes that what he learns in h
46、is work readiness class will help. Traditionally, secondary schools in Africa have spent more time on subjects like mathematics and science, largely ignoring areas like public speaking and teamwork. But that is changing. Schools are exploring new teaching models to offer soft skills and professional
47、 training. It is part of an effort to prepare students to become better communicators, problem solvers and citizens (公民). Rwanda has started a work readiness training program called Akazi Kanoze Access. It means work well done in Kinyarwanda, the official language of Rwanda. The program has trained more than 20,000 students to help make them more appealing to employe
