1、【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读理解 Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it becomes enormously difficult to distin
2、guish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noisesthe phonemes (音素) of a lan
3、guageeach cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. But where do these phonemes come from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be part
4、ially explained by diet. This is unexpected. Wed rather think of language as product of our thought rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both. Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齿音)those such as f and vt
5、hat are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (辅音) are much more common. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy
6、 than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead
7、 of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f come to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers (unless theyre ReesMoggs) say father. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech mu
8、st combine sound and meaning, and the meaning cant exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the s
9、ounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from
10、a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味觉).（1）Compared with adults, babies could more easily . A.create significant noisesB.classify the forms of noisesC.understand the Greek languageD.distin
11、guish meaningful sounds（2）According to the passage, which of the following factors help shape language? A.Lips and teeth.B.Jobs and habits.C.Age and regions.D.Food and thinking.（3）The reason for farmers making sounds of f and v is . A.enjoying more cooked foodsB.biting more with front teethC.constan
12、tly chewing harder foodsD.growing up with lager lower jaws（4）By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal . A.jaws help shape our thoughtB.food determines our thoughtC.diet has some influence on languageD.language consists of sound and meaning【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们一直以来认为语
13、言是思想的产物，但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。且以f和v的发音为例，揭示了农民们发f和v音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:语言必须把声音和意义结合起来，没有真实的物体，意义就不可能存在或传播。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的
14、“New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布，部分可以用饮食来解释。本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有关the product of thought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The argument goes that famers eat more
15、cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品，即农民们发f和v音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Wed rather think of language as product of our thought, rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.”可知任何一种语言的诞生都必须同时具备思想和饮食这两种因素
16、的影响。以及文章内容可知叙述的都是日常饮食和发音对语言的影响，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 News anchors(主播) must have been reluctant to read out the following news: Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News
17、 Agency on Sunday, three months after a male robot joined the profession. Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she continues reading. Thats why man
18、y news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future? To find the answer, we have to analyse the technologies that support Xin at her job. Three key technologies are used to support Xin. First, samples of human voices are collected and synthesized (合成). This is followed by the collecti
19、on and synthesis of human muscle movement samples. And third the voices and movements are married in a way that when the Al news anchor reads, the micro -electric motors behind her face move to make her expressions seem more human. Yet we need a thorough knowledge of deep leaning technology to make
20、a robot imitate a persons voice. The developer needs to collect tens of thousands of pieces of pronunciations, input them into the machine and match them with the text or the Al to lean and read. The process for imitating facial movements is similar. The developer has to analyse the movements of the
21、 53 muscles in the human face, make a model set from the collected data for the AI news anchor to lean, and imitate the movements of facial muscles via programs Both the technologies used to make Xins performance impressive are mature. The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match t
22、he pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the news report. In fact, Xins expressions dont always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human. Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.（1）What do
23、es the underlined word reluctant in the first paragraph mean? A.Delighted.B.Unwilling.C.Confused.D.Optimistic.（2）What can we infer about previous news robots? A.They read news without expressions.B.They looked like a human beingC.They could interview sports starsD.They could interact with audience.（
24、3）What do we know about the third technology? A.This technology is very perfect so farB.This technology is quite popular nowC.This technology remains at the theoretical stageD.This technology is far from mature.（4）From the last paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that_. A.human news anchors should l
25、earn from AT anchors to save their jobsB.Al anchors perform much better than human news anchors at presentC.Al news anchors wont replace human news anchors in the near futureD.Xin Xiaomeng s expressions vary so naturally that they are true to life【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌
26、成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，作者介绍了人工智能背后的技术，并指出在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播。 （1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的Xin Xiaomeng began working as the worlds first female artificial(人工的) intelligence news anchor at Xinhua News Agency on Sunday及第二段中的Thats why many news anchors were worried: Will AI replace us in the near future?可知，担心将来
27、自己的工作会被人工智能取代的新闻主播一定不愿意透露下面这个消息：上周日，新华社新闻主播辛晓萌成为世界上第一位女性人工智能新闻主播，由此可知画线词词义为不愿意的，故选B。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的Unlike previous news robots though, Xin does not read news like a cold machine; she reads it almost like a human being. The muscles on her face stretch and relax-and her reactions change-as she cont
28、inues reading.可知，与以前的机器人主播不同的是，辛晓萌读起来不像一台冷冰冰的机器，就像是一个活生生的人，她读新闻的时候脸上的肌肉能够伸展和放松，面部反应也发生了变化，由此可知，以前的机器人主播读新闻时面无表情，故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的The real difficulty lies in the third -the technology to match the pronunciations with facial movements so that Xin expressions vary according to the content of the
29、news report. In fact, Xins expressions don t always change according to the content. As a result, her expressions look anything but human.可知，真正的难点在于第三技术，使辛晓萌的面部表情根据新闻报道的内容而变化，事实上，辛晓萌的表情不总是随着内容而变化，她的表情一点也不像人类，由此可知，第三技术还远远不够成熟，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的Actually. AI is still no match for human qualities.可
30、知，人工智能仍无法与人类素质相匹敌，由此可知，在不久的将来，人工智能新闻主播不会取代人类新闻主播，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts, Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actors head has always been something of
31、a puzzle. Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not. Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (压制) yourself; almost like the character is posse
32、ssing you. Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role either Romeo or Juliet in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments. Once inside the MRI scanner,
33、 the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love? Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective
34、, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet. The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about
35、their character. The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) linked to the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves. However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed
36、by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves embodying (体现) the text and language.（1）How did Dr Browns team conduct their research? A.By scanning the brain activity of some actors.B.By doing a survey with some theatre goers.C.By interviewing some theatre
37、 teachers.D.By consulting some experienced researchers.（2）What is the finding of Dr Browns research? A.Acting is not as mysterious as people think.B.Actors brain activity differs when they are acting.C.Acting is far more than pretending to be the character.D.Actors brain activity is more active when
38、 they are in character.（3）How did Philip Davis react to the research? A.He supported it.B.He doubted it.C.He explained it.D.He advocated it.（4）What is the text mainly about? A.A debate of how the brain functions.B.A play written by Shakespeare.C.A research on the brain activity of actors.D.A report
39、of the cooperation of scientists and actors.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究。现在，研究人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角色。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party?”一旦进入核磁共振扫描仪，演员们被要求回答一系列问题，
40、比如:他们会去参加派对吗?由此推断出Brown博士的团队是通过扫描一些演员的大脑活动进行他们的研究的，故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.”
41、结果显示，大脑活动的不同取决于所测试的情境。研究小组发现，当演员在扮演角色时，他们会使用一些第三人称知识或对角色的推断。由此可知Brown博士的研究发现，演员在表演时大脑活动是不同的，故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than pretending to be someone it involves embodying
42、(体现) the text and language.”然而，利物浦大学教授Philip Davis对这项研究并不以为然。他说，表演不仅仅是 假装 成某个人，它还包括文本和语言的体现。由此推断出Philip Davis对这项研究持怀疑态度，故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.”现在，研究人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角
43、色，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4犇犇阅读理解 Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic. The worlds cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that
44、number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic. Now, that may be changing. A new environmentally-friendly shopping model
45、was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace throwaway containers with reusable ones. Loop is the idea of Terra Cycle, an American-based recycling company. Its chief, Tom Szaky told the Associated Press (AP) that removing
46、plastics from the ocean is not enough. He said the point is to get away from single-use packages. Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past. He compared it to the milkman model of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your door
47、step in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-waste. Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace also joined in the discussion about Loop at Davos. She said that Greenpeace welcomes the aim of the Loop Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability. But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their busines
