1、高三阅读训练（下）Passage FiveArchimedes was a Greek scientist. He lives in Syracuse nearly 200 years ago. The King of the land wanted to wear a Golden Crown. He gave some gold to a goldsmith to make a suitable crown. After few days, the goldsmith brought the finished crown to the King. The crown was weighed
2、. The weight of the crown was equal to the gold given to the goldsmith by the King. The King looked at the color of the crown.He had a suspicion. The goldsmith could have stolen some gold from the gold given to him. The King wanted to find out the truth. He asked his court scientist Archimedes to fi
3、nd out. The King said, “Find out how much gold had been stolen?”How to find out the truth? Archimedes thought about the problem day and night. One day he was about to have his bath, but he was busy thinking. He did not notice the bathtub. The water in the bathtub was already full to the brim. He sli
4、d into the bathtub. Immediately a large quantity of water flowed over the brim of the bath tub. He noticed this suddenly. His brain wave worked suddenly. He jumped out of the bathtub, shouting, “Eureka! Eureka! Eureka in Greek means “I have found it.Different metals of the same weight have different
5、 volumes. Objects, put in water, will displace water. The displaced water will be equal to their volume.For example, an iron cube weighing a kilogram will disperse some water. But an aluminums cube of the same weight will displace more water than the iron cube.Archimedes knew all these theories. Usi
6、ng this as the basic knowledge, Archimedes worked out a plan to find out the purity of the crown.Archimedes took two bowls. He filled them with water to the brim. Then he placed each bowl separately in the middle of the large vessels. He placed the crown in one bowl. Water overflowed. It collected a
7、t the bottom of the outer vessel. Then he took a cube of pure gold. This cube of gold was equal in weight to the crown. He kept this gold cube in the middle of the second bowl. Here also water overflowed. Water got collected at the bottomof the outer bowl.Archimedes then measured the quantity of wat
8、er in the two vessels. He found out the difference in the water overflow. The crown had sent out more water. The cube of gold had sent out less water. But both the crown and the gold cube were of the same weight. So, they should have sent out the same quantity of water. Therefore, the crown had some
9、 other metals mixed in it. These metals took up more space in the water than pure gold.Archimedes reported this finding to the King. The King demanded the truth from the goldsmith. The goldsmith then confessed. He had stolen some gold. He had added some other metals.Question:What does the story of A
10、rchimedes tell us? (理解主旨要义）A. It is science that counts.B. The king was foolish.C. The goldsmith was dishonest.D. Some other metals took up more space than pure gold in the water.Key: ATips:本文描写了一个科技小故事，即阿基米德如何用科学的原理识别出国王那顶皇冠被金匠给掺入了其它金属。这类推断主旨要义题，要学生排除以偏盖全的选项，即片面性的选项。Passage sixFoolish ImitationLong
11、 ago, a hawk lived on the top of a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a banyan tree on which a crow used to perch everyday. The crow was very foolish. He would imitate everyone.The hawk atop the hill would fly down everyday in search of food. The crow watched the hawk circling in the air for lo
12、ng hours and swooping down when he saw his prey. The hawk gifted with eyes that could see long distances would spot his prey from the hill top and then fly down to pounce upon the prey.The crow watched the hawk thinking, “Hunh! If the hawk can do that, I too can. What does he think? One day, I will
13、show the hawk that I can do the same thing.”A few days later, as the hawk was circling in the air, the crow decided to do the same. Suddenly a baby rabbit came out of the bushes. The hawk saw it and the crow too saw the rabbit.Before the crow could move, the hawk swooped down, caught hold of the rab
14、bit in his strong sharp talons and flew away. “Swoosh!” was all the crow heard as the hawk disappeared in the sky with his prey. “Hmmph! That is no great skill,”thought the crow, angrily.Next moment he spotted a big fat mouse coming out of a hole. Without wasting time, the crow swooped down. Like th
15、e hawk he tried to catch the mouse in his claws.But the mouse saw the crow and moved away, the crow crashed against the hill. “Eeeaaa!” cried the crow in pain.Just then the hawk came flying down. “I hope, now you know it is not easy to hunt and it is not easy to imitate, either,” said the hawk and f
16、lew away.Thereafter, the crow never imitated any onein its life. It lived happily with the god-given abilities.Question:What do you learn from the above story? (做出推理和判断）A. Its important to live happily.B. Dont blindly imitate others.C. Practice makes perfect.D. Dont waste time.Key: BPassage SevenLou
17、is PasteurMary had just returned from her school. She was thirsty. “Mary, you can have a cup of milk,” called her mother. Mary went into the dinning hall. “Mummy, the milk is spoilt,” she cried out. Her mother came in. “Let me see. Yes. This milk is spoilt, her mother said. She took out a sachet fro
18、m the cupboard. “See, Mary, the milk in the sachet is alright,” she said. Mary could not understand.The milk got from the milk vendor in the morning got spoilt. But the sachet got from the supermarket was still good. How is that? She asked her mother the reason for this. Her mother explained, “The s
19、achet milk is pasteurized. The milk got from the milk vendor is not pasteurized one.”“But what is the meaning of pasteurized,” asked Mary. “Pasteurizing is a scientific method. Fresh milk is boiled to a high degree. Then it is cooled rapidly. In this process the germs in the milk get killed. This wa
20、s first done by Louis Pasteur. His name is given to this process.”Who is Louis Pasteur? Louis Pasteur was a chemist. He was born in 1822 in a town in France. His parents were not rich. But they gave him a good education. He secured a degree in science. His marks in Chemistry were not high. But his i
21、nterest in Chemistry made him continue his studies in Chemistry.He spent lots of time in the laboratory. He was continually looking through a microscope at the germs. His professor made a fun of him. “They are useless to man. You are wasting your time,” he said. But Pasteur replied, “Sir, the germs
22、cause sickness. I must find out which germs cause which disease?”“Where do germs come from?” asked his professor.“Sir, that I must find out” replied Pasteur.And Pasteur found out after a long and patient work. The germs are present in water, earth, dust and even in the air we breathe. These germs tu
23、rn milk sour. Milk is a carrier of germs. These germs can cause diseases like tuberculosis and typhoid. He made many experiments. Finally he found out the method to kill the germs in the milk.Pasteur did not stop with milk. He continued his research. Anthrax, diphtheria and rabies were terrible dise
24、ases. Pasteur found out certain vaccines. These vaccines can prevent and cure these terrible diseases.One day a mother brought herson, Joseph, to Pasteur. Joseph had been bitten by a mad dog. He had been fourteen wound all over his body. The dog had rabies. Every one felt sorry for the boy. They sai
25、d, “The child is sure to die. Even Pasteur had no hopes. But he had decided to save the boy.Pasteur had prepared a serum from a rabbit. The rabbit had died of rabies. He injected the serum into the boys body, at first small quantities. Slowly, he increased the dosage. On the ninth day Joseph showed
26、improvement. He was out of danger. In three months time, Joseph walked out of the hospital. He then became a perfectly healthy child. The year was 1885. Many had been bitten by mad dogs. But no one had escaped death.Since 1885, thousands of lives have been saved by anti-rabies treatment. The world h
27、as to thank Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur is considered to be the greatest scientist of France, by the people of France.Question:The author develops the passage mainly by _.（理解文章的基本结构）A. TopicArgumentB. OpiniondiscussionCMain ideaComparisonDExamplesexplanationKey: DTips:文章的基本结构设问，最常见的提问方式是：How is the
28、 passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?v 从段落组织方式上讲：常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构(总分；总分总；分总)、并列式结构等；v 从写作手法上定义(definition)分类说明(classification)列举例证(listing examples)对比(making comparison，contrast),过程，程序（process）“引用”（quote，quotation）v 从体裁上来看说明性体裁Description.（描述）Explanation（
29、解释）discussion（讨论）议论性体裁现象（phenomenon）分析（analysis）结论（conclusion），或现象（phenomenon）结论（conclusion）分析（analysis）观点论证类：Put forward a question Analyze the question Solve the question即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程Passage EightGood and EvilHe pushed his wife to save himself from a sinking cruise ship. But the reality is
30、priceless. A cruise ship met with an accident at sea. On the ship was couple who, after having made their way to the lifeboat, they realized that there was only space for one left. At this moment, the man pushed the woman behind him and jumped into the lifeboat himself. The lady stood on the sinking
31、 ship and shouted one sentence to her husband.The teacher stopped and asked, “What do you think she shouted?Most of the students excitedly answer, “I hate you. I was blind.Now the teacher noticed a boy silent throughout, she got him to answer and he replied, “Teacher I believe, she would have shoute
32、d, Take care of our child.The teacher was surprised, asking, “Have you heard this story before?The boy shook his head and said, “But, that is what my mom said to dad before she died to disease.The teacher lamented, “The answer is right.The cruise sunk. The man went home and brought up their daughter
33、 single-handedly.Many years later after the death of the man, The daughter happened to read the diary of her father.It turns out that when the parents went on to the cruise ship, the mother was already diagnosed with terminal illness.At the critical moment, the father rushed to the only chance of su
34、rvival.He wrote in his diary, “How I wished to sink to the bottom of the sea with you, but for the sake of our daughter, I can only let you live forever below the sea along.The story is finished. The class was silent.The teacher knows that the students have understood the moral of the story.That of
35、the GOOD and EVIL in the world, there are many complications which are hard to understand.which is why we should never focus only on the surface and judge other without understanding them first.Those who like to pay the bill do so not because they are loaded, but because they value friendship over m
36、oney. Those who take initiatives at work do so not because they are stupid, but because understand the concept of responsibility.Those who are willing to help you do so not becausethey owe you anything, but because they see you as a true friend.Those who often text you do so not because they have no
37、thing better to do, but because you are in their heart.One day all of us will get separated from each other. We will miss the conversations of everything and nothing.the dreams that we had.The days will pass by, months, years, until this contact becomes rare.One day our children will see our picture
38、s and ask, “Who are these people?At that time we will smile with invisible tears and you will say.It was them I had my best days of my life with.Question:Which of the following words is similar to the underlined “initiatives” in this passage? (猜测词义）A. control B. decisions C. interest D. lawKey: ATips:the initiativeif you have or take the initiative, you are in a position to control a situation and decide what to do next
