1、2023-5-18.1Unit 1Ways of Learningby Yao Jie2023-5-18.22023-5-18.3Content Warm-up Activities Text Study Main idea&Text structure Vocabulary&Difficult sentences Cultural notes Style Analysis Supplementary Information Assignment2023-5-18.4Warm-up Two children are given two hula hoops,a toy they are unf
2、amiliar with.Ann is given a hula hoop with instructions on how to play it.Mary is given a hula hoop with no instructions.What kind of outcomes do you expect?2023-5-18.5 Question:Now listen to the recording and try to get the main idea.2023-5-18.6Text StudyMain Idea:1.What does the text talk about?Tw
3、o different ways of learning.2.Why do you think the author wrote this article?To call on experts to find a balance between the two extremes.2023-5-18.7Structure1561314An anecdote:the Chinese staff helped Benjamin to place the key.The authors thoughts about different approaches to learning in China a
4、nd the West.The author gives a suggestion of a more rational approach to fostering creativity and basic skills.2023-5-18.8Language StudyPart 1:An anecdote.T/F:1.Benjamin was worried that he couldnt put the key into the box.Benjamin was not bothered at all.(para3)2.In the Chinese staffs opinion,the p
5、arents should guide Benjamin to insert the key.2023-5-18.9Cultural Note2023-5-18.10Cultural NoteJinling Hotel,Nanjing2023-5-18.11Cultural NoteBusiness Suite2023-5-18.12Cultural Note restaurant2023-5-18.13Cultural Notegym2023-5-18.14Cultural NoteIndoor Swimming Pool2023-5-18.15Words bustle:vi.move bu
6、sily and energetically;be full of 繁忙，忙碌;到处是 (para1)eg:Maggie bustled round/about the room,putting things away.麦吉在房间里忙活着收拾东西。The city centre was bustling with life.城市中心充满了生活的繁忙景象.bustling:adj.熙熙攘攘的熙熙攘攘的,忙碌的忙碌的2023-5-18.16Wordstelling:adj.having a striking or revealing effect难忘的，有力的(para1)eg:The most
7、telling argument for wearing seat belts is the number of lives they save.2023-5-18.17Wordsattach:vt.fasten or join(one thing to another)系，贴，连接（para2）Pattern:attach sth.to sth.将.系在 附在.上 be attached to sth./sb.依恋;眷恋;留恋 eg:A tag was attached to each article.Ive never seen two people so attached(to each
8、 other).我从没见过两个人（彼此）这样如胶似漆.2023-5-18.18Words vigorous:adj.(para2)1)strong,active or energetic 强壮的;积极的;有力的:2)using forceful language,etc 语言犀利的:eg:vigorous exercise vigorous support vigorous debate vigorous criticism vigorously:adv.强度大的锻炼积极拥护奋力的争辩有力的批评2023-5-18.19Words tender:adj.(para3)1)young;年幼的；年幼
9、的；2)gentle and loving 温柔的温柔的 at a/the tender age:still young,inexperienced He had become attracted to the game at the tender age of seven.在他在他只有只有七岁时，七岁时，他就喜欢上了这项运动他就喜欢上了这项运动.more2023-5-18.20Wordstender blossomsa tender subjecta tender heart(tender-hearted)tender looks娇嫩娇嫩的花敏感敏感的问题软软心肠，心地善良温柔温柔的目光20
10、23-5-18.21Difficult Sentences Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so,he would usually fail.(para3)position:v.place(sth)in(a certain)position so:adv.to place it(the key)into the slot Paraphrase:Because he was so young and didnt quite know that h
11、e should position the key carefully to fit into the narrow key slot,he would usually fail.由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去进去.2023-5-18.22Words not in the least:not at all 一点也不(表达否定句中的强烈情感)(para3):Tr:不像他的同学们那样沉溺于网上聊天，他对此毫无兴趣。Unlike his classmates who indulged themselves in onl
12、ine chatting,he does not like it in the least.2023-5-18.23Wordsinitial:adj.of or at the beginning;first 开始的，最初的 （para4）:The initial talks were the base of the later agreement.the initial letter of a word 一个词的首字母cf:initiative n.主动性，首创精神2023-5-18.24Wordsreposition:v.to change the position of sth.调换位置
13、（para4）reposition laid-off workers 下岗分流prefix:re-:again replay recall rearrange reappear2023-5-18.25Wordsawait:vt.wait for (para4)He was anxiously awaiting her reply.He has long awaited this moment.CF:await vs.wait 两个词都是动词，又都有“期待”、“等候”之意，但用法有所不同2023-5-18.26Words1)await是及物动词，后面直接接宾语；wait虽然也可用作及物动词，但在
14、现代英语中，一般作不及物动词用，与for，to，till，until等词连用。2)await的宾语大都是抽象名词，如：decision，reply，arrival，announcement，return等；wait for的宾语一般是人或事物。2023-5-18.27Words3)await+doing sth.wait+to do sth.4)await多用于书面语；wait 多用于口语。5)wait 除作动词外，还可用作名词。例：I had a long wait for the train.我等火车等了好久。2023-5-18.28Words neglect:vt.give too li
15、ttle attention or care to(para4)疏忽，忽略；忘记 离开时别忘了锁门。Dont neglect to lock the door when you leave.CF:neglect,ignore&omit 这几个词都有忽略、遗漏之意。2023-5-18.29Words neglect 指对职责、义务或应做的事没有给予足够的注意。这种忘记可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。例如：Why do they always neglect the traffic regulation.ignore 指疏忽、不顾，强调对某人或某物故意不理会，有时还带有固执地拒绝的意味。例如：The
16、 teacher ignored my difficult questions.老师对我的难题置之不理。2023-5-18.30Words omit 指因专注或疏忽而忘记某事，这种失误可能是有意或无意的。该词还可指删除不利或不必要的东西。例如：She should not omit to visit the museum.她不应忘了去参观博物馆。Get it?Lets try.2023-5-18.31Wordsneglect/ingnore/omit Those who their duties should be punished.When I saw Tom,I stopped to gr
17、eet him,but he me and walked on.The third part of the book may be .neglectignoredomitted2023-5-18.32Difficult Sentences The“teacher”would then smile somewhat expectantly at Ellan or me,as if awaiting a thank you-and on occasion would frown slightly,as if considering us to be neglecting our parental
18、duties.(para4)as if+doing sth.:如果as if 引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词（短语）、介词短语或分词。E.g.He acts as if（he were）a fool Tom raised his hands as if（he was going)to say something.2023-5-18.33Difficult Sentences She left the room hurriedly as if（she was）angry Children were running on the
19、beach,as if(they were)blown by wind.She moved her legs slowly,as if(she was)in pain.on occasion:now and then,sometimes 有时，偶尔 on that/rare/formal occasion 在场合 on the occasion of 在之际 I only wear a tie on special occasions.On the occasion of your wedding,Id like to express my innermost blessings.2023-5
20、-18.34Words relevant:adj.directly connected with the subject (para5)有关的，切题的 该证据与此案有关。The evidence is relevant to the case.Pattern:be relevant to 2023-5-18.35Wordsthrow(shed/cast)light on:make sth clearer 阐明，使更清楚(para5)New technologies shed new light on the mystery of the Great Pyramid in Egypt.新技术使人
21、们对神秘的埃及金字塔有了进一步的了解。Tr:如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。If the data is statistically valid,it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.2023-5-18.36Language StudyPart 2:Two different approaches to learning.T/F:1.The author and his wife didnt care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting th
22、e key into the slot.2.For the Westerners,learning should take place by continual careful shaping and molding.The Chinese do.(para10)2023-5-18.37Language Study3.Chinese teachers hold the opinion that skills should be acquired as early as possible,while American educators think that creativity should
23、be acquired early.2023-5-18.38Difficult Sentences since the child is neither old enough nor clever enough to realize the desired action on his own,what possible gain is achieved by having him struggle?(para6)desired action:place the key in the slot(L35)have sb.do sth.:order or arrange(that sb does s
24、th)translation:既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢？2023-5-18.39Difficult Sentences He may well get frustrated and angry.(para6)may well:very likely to happen 很可能 It may well rain tonight.Tr:连续的暴雨也许会在几天之内把这个村庄淹没了。连续的暴雨也许会在几天之内把这个村庄淹没了。The continuous heavy rain may well flood the village in a fe
25、w days.2023-5-18.40Words accomplish:vt.manage to do sth.(para6)完成,贯彻,实现(计划等),达到(目的)e.g.He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.accomplishment:n.成就 V.+-ment=n.Eg.development government achievement Collocation:accomplish ones mission 完成使命 accomplish ones object 达到目的 accomplishe
26、d facts 既成事实 an accomplished scholar 有成就的学者2023-5-18.41Words in due course:at the proper time;eventually(para6)到时候 Be patient.Youll get your promotion in due course.Tr:只要我们坚持努力学习，到时候我们就会完成掌握英语的任务。As long as we keep working hard,we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.due:a.sui
27、table;right;proper 适当的;正当的;适宜的 with all due respect 尽管尊敬之至,恕我直言2023-5-18.42Words critical:(para7)adj.1).very important 决定性的，关键性的 a critical decision 重要决定 a critical moment 关键时刻 2)very serious or dangerous 危急的,危险的 a critical shortage of food 食物严重缺乏 3)looking for faults 批判性的 a critical eye 挑剔的目光 criti
28、cal spirit 批评精神 be critical of sth.对某事表示谴责2023-5-18.43Words principal:(para7)adj.first in rank or importance;chief;main 最重要的;为首的;主要的 My principal concern is my familys welfare.我至为关心的是我一家的幸福.n.(title of the)person with the highest authority in an organization,esp.in certain schools and colleges 负责人，校
29、长 The school principal read the honor roll list(优秀生名单).2023-5-18.44Words CF:principal vs.principle 词义辨析：principle仅作名词用，指基本的东西或规则和标准;principal既可以做形容词，也可以做名词。当名词时，一般指居于高位或担任重要角色的人。a man of principle 有原则的人 the principal food/staple food 主食 the principal rivers of Europe 欧洲主要河流 the principal points 要点 E
30、xercise:p172023-5-18.45Cultural NoteMiddle-class America:P9,Nt.2.While the concept is typically ambiguous in popular opinion and common language use,contemporary social scientists have put forward several more or less congruent theories on the American middle class.Depending on the class model used,
31、the middle class constitutes anywhere from 25%to 66%of households.就收入而言，家庭年收入在3至20万美元的即可认为属于中产阶级，据估计大约80%的美国人属于中产阶级。2023-5-18.46Difficult Sentences So long as the child is shown exactly how to do something-whether it be placing a key in a key hole,drawing a hen or making up for a misdeed-he is less
32、likely(para7)so long as:as long as 只要 whether it be.:nt.4,p9 be是虚拟语气。在以whether 或if 引导的选择条件状语从句中，或是某些让步状语从句（如用so long as 引导的状语从句）中，动词可用原形，正式的语体经常用此种形式。Eg:So long as the volume hold together,I am not much troubled as to its outer appearance.只要书不散开，外表怎么样我不太在意。2023-5-18.47Difficult Sentences make up for
33、:repay with sth.good;compensate for 弥补，补偿 They hurried on to make up for lost time.misdeed:n.wicked act;crime 恶行;罪行;不端行为 mis-+n./v.antonym misbelief misfortune misguide Translation:如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事把钥匙塞进钥匙槽也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。2023-5-18.48Words in retrospect:on evaluating the past;up
34、on reflection 回想起来，追溯(para8)There are some things that you only become totally conscious of in retrospect.Tr:回顾过去就很容易明白我们的错处了.In retrospect,its easy to see why we were wrong.2023-5-18.49Words facility:n.(para9)1).ability to do sth.easily and well 灵巧,熟练,资质 Some students have great facility in learnin
35、g languages.2)(pl.)equipment,aids,etc.设备,设施 sports facilities 运动器具 entertainment facilities 娱乐设施 The computerized phone has a callback facility.计算机化的电话有回叫装置。2023-5-18.50Phrase so much so that:(para9)to such an extent that 到这样的程度以至于 Some parents spoil their children,so much so that they never turn do
36、wn their request.Tr:他相信自由，以至于他宁愿死也不愿意失去自由的活着。He believed in freedom,so much so that he would rather die than live without it.2023-5-18.51Words continual:a.going on all the time without stopping,or repeatedly(para10)接连不断的，连续的，持续的；反复的 Continual/constant dropping wears away the stone.滴水穿石。Tr:Ive had en
37、ough of her continual chatter.我已厌烦了她喋喋不休的闲谈。Please stop your continual questions.请不要再接二连三地提问了。CF:continual vs.continuous 1）词义上）词义上：Continual usually describes an action which is repeated again and again 一般指多次重复的动作2023-5-18.52Words Continuous indicates that the action or object carries on without sto
38、pping or interruption 不间断的，不停的 He was continually late for work.他上班总是迟到。The brain needs a continuous supply of blood.2）搭配方式上）搭配方式上：continuous做表语和定语：be continuous或continuous+名词 continual只做定语：continual+名词 Exercise:p162023-5-18.53Difficult Sentences young Westerners making their boldest departures firs
39、t and then gradually mastering the tradition（para11）making their boldest departures:Doing sth.different from an established rule or tradition.Translation:西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。2023-5-18.54Words harbor:(para12)1.vt.keep(sth.)secretly in ones mind 怀有，抱有 harbor thoughts of revenge
40、2.n.place of shelter for ships 港口 All the ships stayed in the harbor during the storm.2023-5-18.55Words all too:(para13)regrettably very 太太 Tr:The time passes all too quickly when people play cards.当人们在玩扑克的时候，时间很快就过去了。2023-5-18.56 “If I have seen further than others,it is by standing upon the should
41、ers of giants.”-Issac NewtonCultural NoteStanding on the shoulders of giants2023-5-18.57Cultural NoteStanding on the shoulders of giants A well-known phrase,frequently employed by inventors to express modesty about their achievements.The suggestion is that while they have been able to see further th
42、an those who came before them,it is not because they themselves are intellectual giants.Rather it is because they have been able to build upon the accumulated discoveries of their great predecessors.2023-5-18.58Language StudyPart 3:Authors suggestion.There are many ways to conclude an essay.How does
43、 the author end this text?()A)Restating the main points previously mentioned.B)Proposing a solution.C)Quoting from some book or person.D)Predicting future developments.E)Making a suggestion in the form of a question.E2023-5-18.59Words assuming(that):表假定（表示真实条件，其从句谓语动词用陈述语气），有时表让步 Assuming it rains t
44、omorrow,what shall we do?Assuming that it is true，youre still wrong.Tr:假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？Assuming(that)this painting really is a masterpiece,do you think its worthwhile to buy/purchase it?Cf.suppose/supposing that 表“如果，假如”。既可用于虚拟语气，又可用陈述语气。Suppose(that)you had one million dollars,what would you do
45、?（虚拟语气）2023-5-18.60Words superior:a.better than average or than others of the same type 优於一般水平的;优良的;优秀的;优等的(para14)be superior to 比好，强 be superior in 在方面有优势 This carpet is far superior to that one in quality.The enemies were superior in numbers.2023-5-18.612023-5-18.62Style Analysis Comparison&Contr
46、ast Ways of introducing a theme Ways of developing a theme2023-5-18.63 1.Comparison:You are asked to explain how two or more things are alike.Similarities.2.Contrast:You are asked to explain how two or more things are different.Differences.Comparison&Contrast2023-5-18.64 Useful Expressions for Compa
47、rison and Contrast:Comparison&Contrast2023-5-18.65 Ways of introducing a theme:Stating the topic directlyStating the topic directlyPosing a questionPosing a questionQuoting a famous sayingQuoting a famous sayingRelating an anecdote or an incidentRelating an anecdote or an incidentWriting Skill2023-5
48、-18.66 Ways of developing a theme:One-side-at-a-time method:examine one subject thoroughly and then start the other Point-by-point method:examine two objects at the same time,discussing them point by pointWriting Skill2023-5-18.67 How does the author develop his thoughts?Point-by-point.A series of c
49、omparison and contrast.Now fill in the table.Now fill in the table.Writing Skill2023-5-18.68Writing Skill1)ways to learn to accomplish a task2)attitudes to creativity and skillsshow a child how to do something,or teach by holding his handteach children that they should rely on themselves for solutio
50、ns to problemsskills first,creativity latercreativity firstskills later2023-5-18.69Review Question:Useful words and expressions2023-5-18.70 Useful Words and Expressions Useful Synomyms2023-5-18.71Useful Words and Expressions1.繁华的都市 2.大塑料板3.用力摇晃某物4.年幼时5.忘却某人的责任/玩忽职守6.最终目的7.到时候，在恰当的时候the bustling city
