1、A1不定式的名词用法A2 is better than.means victory!在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:代替主语,而把不定式后置:Its a great pleasure.It is not an easy thing.这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子,如:这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子,如:It took us five hours.It made us very angry.A3不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由不定式结构的
2、逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for+名词词组名词词组”来表示,如:来表示,如:It is not hard to do a bit of good.It was difficult to do the work.某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上“of+名词词名词词组组”来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:Its kind to think so much of us.Its very nice to be so considerate.Its unwise to turn
3、 down the proposal.It was careless to make such a mistake.A41主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等
4、为中等为中心词的名词词组,或以心词的名词词组,或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:My idea is.Your mistake was.My suggestion is.What I would suggest is.:在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词:在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号“”,如:如:All we have to do is.The only thing I can do now is.All I could do was.A51“”。
5、这类动词常见的有:。这类动词常见的有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:等,例如:Ive arranged.I didnt expect.2“”。(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。这。(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。这类动词常见的有:类动词常见的有:tell,a
6、dvise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder 等。等。疑问词(也称连接代疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有:副词)有:what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why 除外),如:除外),如:I dont know what to do/where to go/who(m)to ask/when to stop/how to get there.I havent decided whether t
7、o sell it or not.We must find out what to do next/where to put it.A6注注:如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语,则应使用先行如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语,则应使用先行 it,把不定式后置,例如:,把不定式后置,例如:I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.注注:不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语不定式结构一般不
8、可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或或 but(=except)的结构中才能这样用,例如:的结构中才能这样用,例如:He seldom comes except.The child nothing except.She can anything but.He will anything for you except.They could nothing but.A7动名词的名词用法A8动词-ing 形式作主语通常放句首,被看作是单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 1.做主语做主语eg.Getting up earl
9、y is a good habit.A9eg.It is no use talking with him.It was a waste of time watching TV.有时用 it 作形式主语,把动词-ing 形式 置后。例如:a waste of time no good/no useIt+be+useless +V-ing worthwhile funA10在 there be 结构中作主语,例如:no no sense in(没有道理)There be+no point in(毫无意义)+V-ing no use in eg.There was no knowing when h
10、e would leave.无法知道他什么时候离开。There is no point in discussing such matter.讨论这样的问题毫无意义。A112.作宾语作宾语 作介词的宾语 eg.She is interested in working for our firm.她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。A12 部分动词后必须用doing 作宾语,例如:enjoy,practise,advise,suggest,mind,forbid,keep,finish,admit 等。eg.I enjoy learning about new things.我喜欢了解新事物。You should practise speaking English every morning.你应该每天早晨练习英语。A13注意:有些动词后既可以加doing,也可以加to,但意义不同,注意区分。例如:remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事类似的词还有forget,regret,stop 等。A143.作表语 eg.His favorite sport is hiking.他最喜欢的运动是徒步旅行。My job is playing all kinds of instruments.我的工作是演奏各种乐器。