1、Uncertainty Avoidance(不确定性规避不确定性规避)According to Hofstede(1998),uncertainty avoidance refers to the lack of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty and the need for formal rules and high-level organizational structure.Uncertainty Avoidance includes two forms:Low uncertainty AvoidanceHigh uncertainty
2、Avoidance Cultures of low uncertainty avoidance have less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and have more tolerance for a variety of opinions.（U.S.,Canada,Great Britain）Cultures of high uncertainty avoidance have a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(France,Japan)1.There is a strong w
3、inglingness to live day by day.2.People have low level of stress.lowThere is greater anxiety about the future.People have high level of stress.highPeople are more risk-taking.One hopes for success.lowPeople are less risk-taking.Failure is feared.high1.Superordinates may say“I dont know.”2.Less forma
4、l organizational structures are desired.lowSuperordinates have all the answers.Formal organizational structures are desired.highLow Uncertainty AvoidanceHigh Uncertainty AvoidanceLess emotional resistance to changeMore emotional resistance to changeLittle loyalty to ones employerMore loyalty to ones
5、 employerInitiative）of subordinates is encouragedInitiative of subordinates is discouragedDifferences are toleratedDifferences are dangerousSometimes rules can be broken.Rules can be broken.Some characteristics of business culture.low highhigh lowlow high16The Score of Uncertainty Avoidance Index上上中
6、中下下(50,70)Each country has each culture,we can not treat any countries at the same attitude.In the business,a American clerk will never understand why staff should stay in the same company for all his/her life.So there will be conflict between them because that is culture influence that not every culture can be adapt to another culture.In a word,influence is inevitable.
