1、中考英语说明文写作指导【注意事项】一审要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。二定一定要点：根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法：常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳的说明方法。三理理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顾序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚、脉络明晰。四查查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文
2、章趋于完美。一、人物说明文【写作要求】人物说明文一般包括人物的出生年月、主要经历、事迹成就、影响和评价等。首先要全面了解这个人，然后根据需要选取写作素材，简明扼要又重点突出地去介绍，力求真实准确，恰如其分。人物介绍一般都是从外形到性格，或从一般经历到创造性的贡献，在最后常有结论性的评语。写人物说明文一般包括以下几点：1.出生年月；2.主要经历；3.事迹成就；4.影响、评价。叙述方法：一般按照时间顺序，从外形到性格，从一般经历到创造性的贡献，最后常有结论性的评语。语言简洁生动：说明文的目的是向读者介绍他们不了解、不熟悉的人物、事理等，因此说明文的语言要浅显、简洁、生动。时态语态：说明文常用一般现
3、在时。如果说明的是人物、事物过去或将来的情况，则要用过去或将来的有关时态。另外，由于说明文重点放在被说明的人物、事物上，故有些说明文被动语态的使用频率相对比较高。【写作摸板】【常用词汇】1.表示外貌特征beautiful,big nose, black eyes, fat, good-looking, handsome, healthy, near-sighted, ordinary-looking, pretty, short, strong, tall, thin, with a big smile, white-haired, curly/ straight hair, medium h
4、eight2.表示性格特点absent-minded, attractive, bad-tempered, bright, confident, friendly, generous, humorous, kind, kind-hearted, lazy, naughty, smart, warm-hearted, wise, outgoing, quiet3.表示兴趣爱好be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be pleased with, enjoy doing, expect to do, look forward to doing sth,
5、put ones heart into4.表示经历事迹become a member of the , concentrate on doing sth, devote oneself to, encourage sb to do sth, fight for, have a good way of doing sth, make up ones mind to do sth, try ones best to do sth5.表示他人评价a model , be considered as, be famous / known as, be regarded as, make great c
6、ontributions to our country, set a good example to all of us【常用句型】1.He/ She is really他/她真的是2.He/ She looks like他/她看上去像3.He used to be/ have 他过去常常4.Her favourite is她最喜欢的是5.She is good at她擅长二、事物说明文【写作要求】事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、
7、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。要写好事物说明文应注意以下几点：1.要善于抓住事物的特征介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。2.要遵循一定的顺序介绍一件事物，目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：（1）时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进
8、行说明。（2）空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。（3）逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。3.运用恰当的语言介绍事物，文字要力求简洁、明白、准确。除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。【注意事项】事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的
9、时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。【写作摸板】（1）（事物）is / lies（地理位置）.It has/ is（特征）.There are many places of interest here, for example,（景点介绍）.There are also many（人们的活动、风俗等）.I hope/ think（看法和感受）.（2）The table below shows that（说明问题或现象）.（数据）percent（现象一）.（数据）percent（现象二）.（数据）percent（现象三）.In my opinion（自己的观点或感受）.【常用词
10、汇】1.表示形状：round, square, long, tall, short, triangular(三角形的)2.表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold3.表示特点：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular【常用句型】1.Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high.它有400米长/宽/高。2.The ruler is as long as that one.
11、这把尺子与那把一样长。3.Its made of/ from wood.它是由木材做成的。4.All that we can do is to .我们所能做的就是5.It is quite clear that .十分清楚的是6.There are some reasons for .关于有以下理由。三、方式、方法说明文【写作要求】常见的方式、方法说明文有学习方法指导、产品使用说明、操作程序介绍、计划安排等。写这类说明文应把握的要点有：首先，要细致、准确地了解被说明对象的发展变化规律，也就是要准确地把握一个步骤或进程，不跳跃，不遗漏。只有这样，才能写出能够指导我们生活、工作、学习的说明文。其次
12、，要用准确、科学的语言来表达。方式、方法说明文所涉及的多是操作步骤、使用方法之类的内容，所以写作时不要说外行话。再者，内容要点要有详略安排。关键的要点应详写，其余的可以略写。根据说明对象的不同特点来安排详略，不仅能使读者了解其关键所在，还可以避免文章的呆板乏味。【常用单词】1.表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, is a good way2.表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that3.表示计划：plan/preparefor/ to do, be going to, will【常用句型
13、】1.With the rapidly growing popularity of随着的快速普及2.It is quite clear that十分清楚的是3.There are some reasons for 关于有以下理由。4.A recent survey suggeststhat最近的一项调查显示5.All we can do is to 我们所能做的就是例文1：My favourite mottoMy favourite motto is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”I think when you succeed, you may
14、share with friends.But when you fail, the friends who are always around you must be true friends.Whenever I see this motto, I think of my friend Bob.Once I failed my English exam, I sat alone in the corner crying.Bob saw my unhappiness here.He took the initiative to help me learn English during my b
15、reak.After a period of study, my English score has finally improved.From this thing, I really understand this motto.In the future, when my friends are in trouble, I will help them in time.例文2：Enjoy study, enjoy lifeBecause of the“double reduction”policy, we have more time to do what we like to enjoy
16、 study and life.In school, we should actively participate in various activities, such as painting, dancing, football, etc.Through these sports, we can make our bodies healthier and stronger.If students have difficulties, we should also actively help them.At home, we should live in peace with our par
17、ents.We should talk about our dreams with them and talk about our troubles in time.Let parents know everything about us.With their support, we will get twice the result with half the effort.At the same time, we should also help our parents do some housework and learn some life skills.If you are in a
18、 bad mood, you can listen to some music or do something you like.In a word, if we spend our free time properly, we will get a lot in both body and mind.例文3：Colorful After-School ActivitiesIm Li Hua.Glad to share the colorful after-school activities of our school.In our school, we can choose what we
19、are interested in.If you want to improve your oral English, you can choose English Club.You can learn about how to recite here.If you are good at drawing, you can join Drawing Club.You can also learn about paper-cutting.If you are interested in growing vegetables and planting, you can join Labour Pr
20、actice.If you want to keep healthy, you can join Sports Club.You can learn how to swim, play football and so on.These after-school activities not only enrich our after-school lives, but also teach us some basic skills.例文4：Good Ways to Keep HealthyIt is very important for us to keep healthy.But do yo
21、u know the ways to keep us healthy?First, we need to have healthy eating habits.We can eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit, but wed better eat less meat.Different kinds of foods are necessary, so its important to keep a balance diet.Then, playing sports every day can also help us keep fit.We can
22、 take walks after dinner.We can walk to school or work instead of taking a bus or driving a car.We can also play ball games with friends.We should try to do more exercise every day.Finally, happiness is another way to keep healthy.When we are lonely or unhappy, try to make friends.If you smile often, you will feel happy.So, be happy to be healthy.Keep healthy and have a happy life.5
