1、Lesson49 The ideal servant 理想的仆人New words and expression 生词和短语rambling a.杂乱无章的 （adj.凌乱无序的）(esp. of a building, house or town)extending in different directions irregularly, as if built without planninga rambling street一条七扭八歪的街道 a rambling house乱七八糟的房子a rambling room凌乱的屋子 a rambling castle杂乱的城堡 a ramb
2、ling letter一封没条理的信Ramble vi.闲逛,漫步(troll , go for a walk/have a walk,go for a stroll/have a stroll);ramble about,漫谈,聊天(talk or write in the disorder way);植物的蔓延生长They rambled through the wood. The old lady began to ramble about her youth.The wild rose rambled over the fence.tramp v徒步前进/Tramp vt.徒步走, 徒
3、步旅行 （本意是（尤指长时间地）重步行走，踏，踩）Tramp n.步行, 徒步旅行, 徒步旅行者 Tramp n.流浪者, 乞丐, 妓女stroll strl n.溜达, 散步（= slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden）指不慌不忙地溜达go for a stroll = go for a walk, take a stroll = take a walkstroll v.闲逛, 漫步 - He is strolling along the road. Stroller n.散步者, 流浪者Ramble rmbl v.海岸、林中的漫步
4、- The couple are rambling in the forest. 英漫步，尤指为消遣而在乡间闲逛Sentimentally adv .感情上,多情地, （富情感地；多情地）Sentimental sentmentl 1、伤感的; 多愁善感的 2、情感上的，情感方面的 value 情感价值Sentimental =emotionalsensible a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。sentimental a.多愁善感的，感伤的。The novel has sc
5、enes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的。 This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。Sentiment 1、情绪（具体的某种情绪，反美） 2、观点; 感想（an idea or feeling that someone expresses in words）3、伤感; 感情（is feelings such as pity or love）Sentiments n.情操The sentiments of pit
6、y 恻隐之心As students ,we must havd noble sentiments.高尚从情操sentiment 一般指由一种思想激起的感情，含较大的理智因素。affection 指对人的爱慕或深厚、温柔的感情。feeling 普通用词，含义广。多指具体的或心的感受，或表露出来的强烈情感。passion 指极强烈的感情、尤指愤怒、爱好等。也常指两性间的爱情。emotion 普通用词，词义中性。泛指因外界刺激而引起思想情感从细微变化到最强烈的发作。与思想相对的感情Lavishly lvli a.慷慨地,大方地Lavish 1、盛大奢华的 2、挥霍的 3、慷慨的 be lavish
7、with (be generous in giving something)be lavish with time be lavish with money be lavish with love eg. He is lavish with his time on watching TV.4、vt 为花很多钱; 对十分殷勤; 对大加赞赏 用ona.挥霍的,浪费的,奢侈的=extravagant ;vt 乱花钱lavish money on sb/sth 在某人或某事上乱花钱 Lavish care on sb 过度关心/宠爱=spoilThe lady always lavish her mo
8、ney on beautiful clothes.Lavish praises on sb.;大肆吹捧=never grudge doing 从未舍不得Grudge vt.舍不得给Grudge grd v.不愿给, 舍不得给 （名词性用的更多一些）noun (against sb) 积怨；怨恨；嫌隙 He has a grudge against the world Hes a man with a grudgeverb 1、勉强做；不情愿地给；吝惜to do or give sth unwillingly V -ing I grudge having to pay so much taxVN
9、 He grudges the time he spends travelling to workExtravagant kstrvgnt adj.浪费的，奢移的，豪华的（wasteful adj.浪费的, 不经济的）含有贬义,可指人花钱大手大脚,铺浪费; - extravaganthabit be extravagant with sth 浪费什么东西用withGenerous a.慷慨大方的 （褒义词）不吝惜，大方的慷慨的，善良的）be generous with help be generous with time be generous with money be generous w
10、ith adviceliberal adj. 慷慨的，大量的，丰足的；开明的；自由的be liberal with money be liberal with help a liberal supporter liberal donationsWasteful a.浪费的(反)thrifty,.economical ,frugal fru:glimmaculate a.清洁的,无污点的 spotless （very clean and tidy） 专八look immaculate 看上去一尘不染immaculate rooms整洁干净的房间 immaculate behaviors无可指责的
11、行为spotless adj. pure 纯洁的，无暇的spotless reputation无瑕疵的名誉 spotless record 没有瑕疵的记录 spotless character无可指责的性格flawless adj.完美，无懈可击的 having no mistakes, marks or weaknessesflaw fl: n.瑕疵，小裂缝，小错，弱点；裂缝，裂纹 vt&vi. 使生裂缝，使有裂纹；使无效；使有缺陷（a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect）fatal flaw 致命的弱点parqu
12、et pke n. 镶木地板 banquet n.宴会n. 镶木地板 vt. 铺镶木地板于；用镶木制；铺parquet floor 建 镶木地板 ; 木地板 ; 地面拼花 parquet block 镶木地板条块 ; 木 镶嵌木块较为普通的用语，木地板：wood flooring timber floorGleam lim v 发光，闪光 （v./n. 发亮，闪光（发的光很柔和）to shine softly）1、V 发微光；隐约闪光；闪烁 to shine with a pale clear light2、V (with sth) 显得光洁明亮 to look very clean or b
13、right3、V (with/in sth)（眼睛）表露出，流露出；（在眼中）闪现4、微光（常指反光） 5、少量；一丝；一线 6、（感情的）表露，闪现 同义词： glint特化的量词，一丝，eg a gleam of hope 一丝希望sparkle 指发出闪动的光或火星。glow 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光，或脸上，身体上健康的红光。n. 白炽光（to send out brightness or warmth without flame.）发出微弱稳定的光vi 1、暗淡的光 2、(皮肤) 泛出红光（健康或者兴奋） 3、容光焕发n 1、白炽光 2、脸上的红光（一般是脸上，因为能看出）3、喜悦
14、（引申出）gleam 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。twinkle 闪烁；（眼睛）闪亮，闪闪发光。常用在星星或者眼睛flash: 表示忽明忽暗的闪光，或突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光，手电筒的光，镜子的光线eg: Lighthouse is flashing in the distance.glim: 透过某种媒介而闪现的微弱的光线，如，透过大雾eg: Though the fog, we saw a lighthouse glimming.glint: 闪烁，由于迅速闪烁的微弱的光 = shine for a momenteg: The sun glinted th
15、rough the leaves.透过叶缝闪着微弱的光芒glisten: 潮湿的物体上反射的光泽和光辉eg: The white snow glistened in all the colors of rainbow.flicker: 表示蜡烛。油灯在即将熄灭的时候的摇曳不定的光eg: On the cold night, I sat in front of the only candle which was flickering.Preside przad 指挥 to be in charge of formal ceremony 主持工作 in charge（V (at/over sth)
16、主持（会议、仪式等）；担任（会议）主席）1、If you preside over a meeting or an event, you are in charge. 做主持 vi 2、vt 管理，指挥preside over preside over business主持业务 preside over a meeting主持大会preside over an auction主持一次拍卖 preside over a TV program preside over a project preside at 指挥 who will preside at the party?govern ：(by
17、 rules) 管理，统治 治大国若烹小鲜 govern a school 侧重指运用任何控制的权力来统治或管理一个国家、一个社会或一个部门，暗含能力和知识的运用。dominate v. to have power and control vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在中占主要地位male-dominated society男权社会manipulate v.操纵，摆布，控制manipulate from behind幕后操作 manipulate a puppet government操作一个傀儡政府conduct v. 组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热或电）c
18、onduct a band指挥一个乐队 conduct the orchestra指挥一个交响乐团rule 强调用绝对或独裁的权力来管理或统治。manage 强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。Invisible 看不见的，无形的1、看不见的 2、无形的 ADJ n 3、被忽视的 4、隐身的invisibly 1、看不见地 2、无形地invisible earnings无形收益 invisible exports无形输出invisible assets无形资产 tangible assets有形资产 honesty integrity诚信tndbl adj. 有形的；切实的；
19、可触摸的 n. 有形资产current assets流动资产 fixed assets固定资产Scrub v.擦拭,刷洗(用水,肥皂等擦洗) brush/ polish :擦光、润色scrub sth clean scrub the ink stains off the carpet Please scrub your coat.Polish v. 擦亮，使之闪闪发光,引申为润色(文章)A carefully polish article polish shoes把鞋子擦亮 polish furniture把家具擦亮Rub v.擦，揉，搓，蹭eg. My shoes are rubbing.
20、我的鞋磨脚。rub oil on his arm scour v. 刷，擦to clean sth thoroughly by rubbing it with a rough materialvt.彻底搜查 scour : go through1、vt sth (for sb/sth) （彻底地）搜寻，搜查，翻找 （go through, turn inside out, search thoroughly）2、vt sth (out)（用粗糙的物体、用力）擦净，擦亮, 3、vt sth (away/out) | sth (from/out of sth) (费力地) 擦洗；洗涤；冲洗；（水、
21、溪流）冲刷成；冲刷出Enlightened a.开明的 （开明的 表赞许） （文明的；进步的；被启发的）treating people in kind and sensible way and understanding their needs and problemsenlightened opinions开明的观点 enlightened slaveholderenlightened society enlightened policy enlighten vt. 启发，启蒙；教导，开导；照耀 （正式用词）普通用词 inspireenlightenment movement启蒙运动Fick
22、leness 变化无常fickle fkl adj.善变的，多变的，变化无常的being likely to change their mind about people or things that they like 专八 薄情fickle lover善变的情人 fickle mind花心 fickle weather多变的天气 fickle fortune命运多舛constant 忠诚的，忠贞的（不变的；恒定的；经常的）a constant wife eg. The only constant is change.唯一不变的是变。Variable adj. variable climat
23、e多变的气候Unrelenting a.不屈不挠的,不松懈的=Strong-minded(坚强的)+Continuous relent vi 发慈悲 八级lasting for long time without stopping除了表面的意思之外还含有两种语感：(1、often without caring whether they hurt or embarrass other people不留情面地坚持的 2、无休止的 (不愉快的事情) 所以还可以被翻译为“无情的”two days of unrelenting rains连续两天的鱼 two days of unrelenting ac
24、tivities两天马不停蹄的活动make an unrelenting effort to do sth不懈的努力 make an unrelenting pursuit for sth不懈的追求 carry on an unrelenting search for sth持之以恒的寻找Disillusion vt.使幻想破灭（常用被动）（1、vt使醒悟 2、n 幻灭）名词：disillusion with sth 什么的幻灭disillusionment 幻灭；醒悟illusion：n. 幻想，错觉（“由于视觉，感觉的歪曲所造成的错觉”，也可能是“感情的因素所致的错觉”。）under il
25、lusion that/under the impression that（同位语从句的活用）under no illusion that: 没有幻想 eg: We live under no illusion that country is beautiful.have illusion about/have no illusion about: 对不报有幻想delusion: 妄想，错觉。侧重于强调精神病人无中生有的幻觉 （通常用于表示“荒谬的见解”或被别人所“迷惑”，有时包含着“神经错乱”，或者“没有区别真假的能力”的含义；）或者illusion一般是自己产生，强调主体的感官，而delu
26、sion往往是由他人的某些行为所致Industriousness n.勤奋arduous djs a.艰苦的，艰难的（needing a lot of strength and effort）需要付出很多精力，体力-Studying English is a arduous job. Life is an ardous journey; so we should learn to cherish life.ous结尾的形容词industrious ndstrs a勤奋的，勤勉的，勤劳的 hardworking 普通用词laborious lbrs a 费时费力的，劳神的，strenuous s
27、trenjs a. 费力的，艰苦的。须全力以付的，比arduous强烈的多，同时表示奋发的diligent adj. 勤奋，刻苦的，认真的 名词 diligence 勤奋 六级a diligent worker a diligent studentindustrious 指由习惯养成或天性形成的勤奋。 diligent 多指为一定的目的或追求而勤奋。hard-workingan assiduous collector of folk songs 一个有顽强毅力的民歌收集者workaholic n.工作狂qualification 资格，能力 （n.资格，执照，能力）qualify vt. 限定
28、，修饰；使具有资格；证明合格 vi. 取得资格，有资格academic qualification学历资格 a medical qualification医师执照 qualification certificate 书drivers license驾驶执照 export permit出口证 qualifying match资格赛 证明书；结业证书certify 证明，保证 proveMirth n.欢笑,高兴 (欢笑; 欢乐 文学性) 专八Happiness, joy ,merriment,fun ,amusement,entertainment,delight ,rapture,glee(欢
29、欣),bliss (极乐)rapture：rpt n. 欣喜 （欣喜若狂，狂喜，非常高兴 / great joy / delight）in raptures in raptures over / about sth. 对欣喜若狂go into raptures: feel delighted感到非常高兴go into raptures over/about/at sth. 对感到非常高兴joy / happiness 比rapture相对普通用词 eg: We have a good time and we are full of happiness.rapturedelightjoy在口语中
30、，建议使用delightdelight: n. v. 使高兴，使喜悦delighted: adj. eg: I feel delighted./ I am in raptures.ecstasy: eksts n 狂喜，忘形；入迷；出神（非常投入的狂喜）bliss: bls 极乐,无上的幸福。（n. 极乐；天赐的福vt. 使欣喜若狂vi. 狂喜）eg: Nothing in the world can make you happier than bliss. Recently, a sound sleep is my bliss.Stack v 整齐的堆放1、n 量词：摞; 堆 2、vt 堆起
31、，摞起 in neat piles 3、Stack upStack is more controlled and orderly compared to pile or heap. Heap is considered bigger than a pilePile heap hip 都是名词是堆， 动词 堆起，摞起 词组 upcellar n.地窖Storeroom n.储藏室 storehouse 仓库 cellar 地窖 sel(r) (私人或饭店的)酒窖) basement 地下室 （建基底，底部）Text 课文It is a good thing my aunt Harriet die
32、d years ago.it is good thing 还好 used to say that you are glad that sth has happened because there would have been problems if it had not happened形式主语 我们接触到的that主从句时，that不可省，但是一些惯用巨型时可以省略。比如its a pity.eg. It was a good thing you were in. I lost my key to the door.eg. It was good thing the baby was sa
33、fe and sound, though the house was damaged in the bomb.If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views on her favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.If she were alive today she would not be able to air her views onair ones views on 对发表意见 to say publicly what you think abou
34、t sth importantair作为动词 1、使通风 2、晾；晾干 英国英语 3、radio/TV programme 播出；播送4、（意见）公开发表；（程度高时）宣扬，夸耀air ones opinions on sth air ones troubles倾诉烦恼air interview with the President 播出对总统的会见air ones knowledge炫耀自己的知识eg. The match will be aired on channel 5, CCTV at 8:00 tonight.eg. The wet blanket wanted airing. (
35、want doing 表示某事需要被备别人做了 )favourite topic of conversation: domestic servants.domestic adj.1)家庭的，家务的，家用的（家的）domestic animals家禽 domestic violence家庭暴力 domestic duties家庭责任domestic expenses家庭开销 domestic services家政服务 domestic servants家仆2)国的domestic affairs国事务 domestic market国市场 household electric appliance
36、 家用电器Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do housework. She had a huge, rambling country house called The Gables.Country house乡间别墅；郊区住宅Mansion mnn n.豪宅，大厦，大楼，官邸A Dream of Red Mansion 红楼梦Residence 住宅，宅邸Manor mn(r) n.庄园 （庄园；领地，封地；采邑）Villa n.别墅Cottage n. 小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小
37、别墅She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs, she persisted in living there long after her husbands death.She was sentimentally attached tobe attached to 爱惜，爱慕，依恋，景仰eg. The lovers are growing attached to each other. eg. The wife is attached to her
38、husband.eg. I began to be attached to Beijing.She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too bigfar too big much too big/a lot too bigway too big 十万八千里副词做介宾（我们之前讲过介词短语做介宾） frombelow 从下方 / fromabove 从上方副词用作介词宾语不算普通，主要见于以下特殊情况：1、(1) 疑问副词用作介词宾词，不过这样用时，介词通常可以省略。如：Where are
39、you going (to)? 2、(2) 某些表地点的副词作用介词的宾语。如： 副词here和there用作along, around, down, in, near, on, over, round, through, under, up等介词的宾语。如：Your hotel is quite near here. 副词home用作at, (away) from, close to, near, toward(s) 等的宾语。如：Im at home every evening. 副词abroad只用用作from的宾语，如：Ive got a letter from abroad.介词fr
40、om后接behind, downstairs, upstairs, inside, outside, above, below, beneath, underneath, indoors, outdoors, within等表示地点的副词作宾语。(3) 某些表时间的副词作用介词的宾语。如 before后接long, yesterday等作宾语。如：I hope to write to you before long. by后接now, tomorrow, then等作宾语。如：He left two hours ago and he should be there by now. till,
41、until后接recently, late, later等作宾语。如：Shops remain open till late in the evening.Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.before she grew old when she was youngbefore he died : when he was aliveup to the time of his deathI often visited The Gables when I was a boy.No matter how many
42、 guests were present, the great house was always immaculate.The parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinets; even my uncles huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.The parquet floors shone like mirrorsshone like mirrorshigh
43、ly polishedgleaming 均为有夸色彩的表达以形容房子的洁净。shone n Br un AmThe parquet floors shone like mirrors; highly polished silver was displayed in gleaming glass cabinetsCabinet n.(有玻璃门的)柜橱，壁柜，酒柜kitchen cabinet智囊团 Cabinet阁wardrobe n. 衣橱，衣柜 cupboard n. 衣橱，碗柜 a skeleton in the cupboardcloset 壁橱，小房间locker room 更衣室ev
44、en my uncles huge collection of books was kept miraculously free from dust.miraculous adj.神奇，不可思议（好运）completely unexpected and usually resulting from extreme good luckeg. The army won a miraculous victory over a much stronger enemy.miraculous recovery miraculous escape miraculous improvementmiraculo
45、usly说也奇怪，也直是奇迹 eg. It was a terrible air crash, but, miraculously, no one was killed.miracle n奇迹 eg. You may as well try jogging-it works miracles for me.Aunt Harriet presided over an invisible army of servants that continuously scrubbed, cleaned, and polished.She always referred to them as the shifting population, for they came and went with such frequency that I never even got a chance to learn their names.refer to谈及，提到；与相关(指的是)，涉及；查阅，参考 referred referringreference n. 提到；参考；查阅 refer toas 把称为 refer.to 把提交给.；让.参考.。 the teacher referred him to the dictionary 让
