1、最新初中英语语法总结大全初中英语语法总结大全九种基本时态一、一般现在时概念：表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。如：1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。 (表状态)构成：1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +2) 主语 + 实义动词 + 二、一般过去时概念：1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：y
2、esterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。如： I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如: He always went to work by bike last week.构成：1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +三、现在进行时概念：表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如：He is singing.They are watching TV now.构成：主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动
3、词-ing形式构成.四、过去进行时概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语来表示。如：1) -What were you doing?-I was jumping.2) -What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?-He was sleeping.构成：主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.五、一般将来时概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如: tomorrow, next week,
4、 next year, in the future等。如：He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.构成：1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + .六、过去将来时概念：表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。构成：1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +2) 主语 + would + 动原 + .3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原用法：过去将来时除了上下文暗示外，一般常用在间接引语
5、中，主句谓语动词为过去时态。如：1) I should go.2) You knew I would come.3) They were going to Naning.七、现在完成时构成：主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果如：-Have you had your lunch yet?-Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了。)八、现在完成进行时概念：表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。构成：主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) +
6、been + 动词-ing +如：1) I have been sitting here for an hour.2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.九、过去完成时构成：主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +用法：表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是过去的过去。表示过去某一时间可用by，before 等构成的短语，也可用when，before，等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。如：I had finished my homework when my mom came back
7、home.三大从句一、宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。例如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.他说长大后想当一名老师。宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。宾语从句的语序：A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后)。例如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否能来。B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词。例如：She asked me who had helpe
8、d him.她问我谁帮助了他。宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀即可：主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种。例如：1.He tells me he studied English in England last year.他告诉我他去年在英国学习英语。B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带过字的时态中任选一种，带过字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。例如：He told me that he liked playing football.他告诉我他喜欢
9、踢足球。C. 客观真理一般现：客观真理永远用一般现在时。例如：He said the moon goes around the earth.他说月亮绕着地球转。二、状语从句1. 时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。时间状语从句的连接词：when(当.时候)，while(当.时候) as(当.时候)，after(在.以后)，before(在.以前) as soon as(一.就.)，since(自从.到现在)，till/until(直到.才.)，by the time(到.的时候)例如：Mozart started writing music when he was four years
10、 old.莫扎特四岁时开始创作音乐。2. 条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。条件状语从句的连接词：if， unless(除非)，as long as(只要)例如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow， we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，一定要符合主将从现原则。如上面例句，条件状语 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow用一般现在时，主句we will go hiking用一般将来时。3. 原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。原因状语从句的连接词：becaus
11、e， since， as，now that例如：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.因为我生病了，所以昨天没去上学。三、定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。例如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(beautiful是定语)我给我的老师一束漂亮的花。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。例如：I have met a doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.我认识了一位第一医院的医
12、生。定语从句的关系词：关系代词：who、which、whom、whose、that关系副词：when、where、why初中英语语法的句型结构归纳一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事de
13、termine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want
14、to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事be
15、ar sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth.
16、 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb.
17、 to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某
18、人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：汉语说：害怕某人做某事，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。汉语说：原谅某人做某事，但英语不说excuse forgive sb. to do sth.。汉语说：拒绝某人做某事，但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。汉语说：惩罚某人做某事，但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。汉语说：建议某人做某事，但英语不说suggest propose sb. to do sth.。汉语说：赞成某人做某事，但英语不说approve sb. to do st
19、h.。汉语说：通知某人做某事，但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。汉语说：欢迎某人做某事，但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。汉语说：坚持某人做某事，但英语不说insist persist sb. to do sth.。汉语说：希望某人做某事，但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。汉语说：安排某人做某事，但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。汉语说：要求某人做某事，但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。汉语说：感谢某人做某事，但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。汉语说：祝贺某人做某事，但英语不说
20、congratulate sb. to do sth.。汉语说：阻止某人做某事，但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。要表示以上意思，可换用其他表达：汉语的原谅某人做某事，英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.。汉语的希望某人做某事，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。汉语的建议某人做某事，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的安排某人做某事，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。汉语的要求某人做某事，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的感谢某人做
21、某事，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。汉语的祝贺某人做某事，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。汉语的阻止某人做某事，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth. 承认做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing sth. 避免做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing
22、 sth. 推迟做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事fancy doing sth. 设想做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事keep doing
23、sth. 保持做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 错过做某事pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事permit doing sth. 允许做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事report doing sth. 报告做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事suggest doing s
24、th. 建议做某事understand doing sth. 理解做某事四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事keep sb. doing sth.
25、使某人不停地做某事listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
26、watch sb. doing sth. 观看某人做某事五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事let sb. do sth.让某人做某事listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事watch s
27、b. do sth. 观察某人做某事六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事continue to do sth / co
28、ntinue doing sth. 继续做某事can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词remember to do sth. 记住要做
29、某事remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔(遗憾)要做某事regret doing sth. 后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事try to do sth. 设法要做某事try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事go on t
30、o do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事，但stop to do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人le
31、nd sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物(钱)post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth.
32、 to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人
33、某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for
34、sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick
35、sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物(歌)spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同
36、，如bring，play等：Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to for me.把今天的报纸拿给我。He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for to us.他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：They left me no food. = They left no food
37、for me.他们没给我留一点食物。My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money.他给他儿子的钱太多。He asked me some questions.他问了我一些问题。This caused me much tr
38、ouble.这给我带来了许多麻烦。He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。His mistake cost him his job.他的错误让他丢了工作。I envy you your good luck.我羡慕你的好运。They forgave him his rudeness.他们原谅了他的鲁莽。He refused her nothing.她要什么就给什么。九、可用于动词+sb+of sth的8个常见动词accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪)，指责某人做某事cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取
39、某人某物cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况(事)remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况(事)rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况十、可用于动词+sb+for doing sth的8个常见动词blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事scold sb. for doing sth. 指责(责备)某人做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
