1、英语语法专业术语语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology结构 structure层次 rank句子 sentence从句 clause词组 phrase词类 part of speech 单词 word实词 notional word虚词 structural word名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 uncountable no抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective no
2、un 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动
3、态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相
4、互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite物主代词 possessive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article不定冠词 indefinite article数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral序数词 ordinal numeral
5、分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive claus
6、e时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of r
7、eal condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句 interrogative sentence一般疑问
8、句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question存在句 existential sentence肯定句 positive sentence 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence
9、基本句型 basic sentence pattern 句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object 补语 complement主补 subject complement宾补 object complement 表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial 句法关系syntactic re
10、lationship并列 coordinate从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post-modification限制 restriction 双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction 数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form 规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form 格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 object
11、ive case 性 gender阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine通性 common中性 neuter 人称 person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称 third person 时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成
12、时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense 现在完成进行时 present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice 被
13、动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation否定范围 scope of negation全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order自然语序 natural order倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech间接引语 indirect speech自
14、由直接引语 free direct speech自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone降调 falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体style正式文体 formal非正式文体 i
15、nformal口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression英国英语 British English 美国英语 American English用法 usage 感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic挖苦 ironic动名词 gerund 连字号 hyphen 祈使语气 imperative mood 祈使句 imperative sentences 独立成分 indefinite case 主句 indicative mood 物质名词
16、 material nouns 句子的成分 members of the sentence 情态动词 modal verbs 语气 mood 词法 morphology 否定疑问句 negative interrogative sentence动词的非限定形式 non-finite forms of the verb 非限制性定语从句 non-restrictive attributive clauses 括号 brackets 名词的分类 classification of nouns 从句（分句）clauses 同源宾语 cognate object 集体名词 collective nou
17、ns 冒号 colon 逗号 comma 普通格 common case 普通名词 common nouns 比较级 comparative degree 复合宾语 complex Object 复合句 complex sentences 并列复合句 compound complex sentences 表性状的复合谓语 compound nominal predicate 复合谓语 compound predicate 并列句 compound sentences 表行为的复合谓语 compound verbal predicate 合成词 compound words 合成 compoun
18、ding ( composition ) 错综时间条件句 conditional sentences of mixed time 连词 conjunction 连接副词 conjunctive adverbs 连接代词 conjunctive pronouns 转化 conversion 并列连词 co-coordinating conjunctions 可数名词 countable nouns 破折号 dash 陈述句 declarative sentences 定冠词 definite article 比较的级别 degrees of comparison 指示代词 demonstrati
19、ve pronouns 派生（词缀法） derivation ( affixation ) 描绘性定语 descriptive attributes 呼语 direct address 直接宾语 direct object 直接引语 direct speech 反意问句 disjunctive questions 省略 ellipsis 省略句 elliptical sentences 感叹号 exclamation mark 感叹句 exclamatory sentences 动词的限定形式 finite forms of the verb 虚词form words 分数词 fraction
20、al numerals 完全倒装 full inversion 将来进行时future continuous 一般将来时 future indefinite 将来完成时 future perfect 将来完成进行时 future perfect continuous 独立结构 absolute constructions 物主代词的绝对形式 absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名词 abstract nouns 主动语态 active voice 方式状语从句 adverbial clauses of manner 地点状语从句 adverbial
21、clauses of place 目的状语从句 adverbial clauses of purpose 时间状语从句 adverbial clauses of time 程度副词 adverbs of degree 频度副词 adverbs of frequency 方式副词 adverbs of manner 地点副词 adverbs of place 时间副词 adverbs of time 选择问句 alternative questions 句子分析 analysis of sentences 省略号 apostrophe 同谓语 appositive 同位语从句 appositiv
22、e clauses 助动词 auxiliary verbs 插入语 parenthesis 部分倒装 partial inversion 分词短语 participial phrases 分词 participle 小品词 particle 词类 parts of speech 过去式 past forms 过去分词past participle 句号 period ( full stop ) 人称 person 人称代词 personal pronouns 成语动词 phrasal verbs 谓语 predicate 表语 predicative 表语从句 predicative clau
23、ses 前缀 prefix(es) 介词短语 prepositional phrases 现在式 present forms 现在分词 present participle 动词的主要形式 principal forms of verbs 专有名词 proper nouns 标点符号 punctuation 问号 question mark 引号 quotation mark 相互代词 reciprocal pronouns 不定代词 indefinite Pronouns 关系副词 relative adverbs 关系代词 relative pronouns 限制性定语从句 restric
24、tive attributive clauses 自身代词 self pronouns 分号 semicolon 真实条件句 sentences of real condition 虚拟条件句 sentences of unreal condition 时态的呼应 sequence of tenses 特殊问句special questions 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood 后缀 suffix(es) 最高级 superlative degree 句法syntax 句型的转换transformation of sentences 双部句 two-member sentences 不可数名词 uncountable nouns 动词短语verbal phrases 名词化的动词 verbal noun 构词法 word building
