1、小小 结结)主动主动被动被动一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving been donev.-ing v.-ing 形式的时态和语态形式的时态和语态否定形式否定形式 not doing not doing第3页 动名词做主语动名词做主语Learning new words is very important for me学习新单词对我来说非常重要。Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit
2、.第4页 2.，而动名词或动名词短语是真正，而动名词或动名词短语是真正主语后置，主语后置，常见的做表语的有：常见的做表语的有：no use,no good,fun,a waste of time,worthwhile 等等。e.g.Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?It was no use sending him to a hospital.送他到医院没有用。送他到医院没有用。Its a waste of time arguing with him about it.和他争论这件事是浪费时间。和他争论这件事是浪费时间。第5页 3.句型句型中做主语。中
3、做主语。There is no knowing when this might happen again.没法预料这样的事情什么时候没法预料这样的事情什么时候 会再发生。会再发生。There isnt any telling about what they will do.他们打算干什么无人知晓。他们打算干什么无人知晓。There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑.注意：There is/was no use/good doing.做.无用/没有好处 There is/was no point doing.做.没有意义 There is no ne
4、ed to do.做.没有必要第6页 动名词做宾语动名词做宾语 suggest，finish，avoid，escape,cant help(禁禁不住不住)，mind(介意介意)，enjoy，consider，insist,allow,risk,practise，miss，excuse，advise，keep，give up等等。1有些动词只接有些动词只接ing作宾语作宾语,常见常见 的有：的有：enjoy consider、escape、avoid stop、give up、object to、risk admit、understand、be worth mind、imagine、delay、
5、put off require、finish、look forward to suggest、keep on、practise cant help、excuse、insist on go on、appreciate、succeed in 喜欢考虑不逃避喜欢考虑不逃避 停止放弃不冒险停止放弃不冒险 承认理解很值得承认理解很值得 反对想象莫推延反对想象莫推延 要求完成是期望要求完成是期望 建议继续勤操纵建议继续勤操纵 不禁原谅要坚持不禁原谅要坚持继续欣赏便成功继续欣赏便成功第8页 You cant help wondering how the Egyptian were able to build
6、 pyramids.你禁不住想知道埃及人怎么能建造这些金字塔。你禁不住想知道埃及人怎么能建造这些金字塔。The boy practised speaking English every day.这个男孩每天练习说英语。这个男孩每天练习说英语。I suggest going for a walk.我建议去散步。我建议去散步。第9页 2.动名词做动名词做介词介词的宾语的宾语常用的这类介词短语有：常用的这类介词短语有：instead of，look forward to，object to，think of，dream of，hear of，feel like，succeed in，be good
7、at，spend.in.，devote.to.,pay attention to,insist on,stick to,be used to,have difficulty/trouble(in)doing,be busy(in)doing，等。，等。e.g.We are looking forward to coming to China.我们期待着来中国。我们期待着来中国。第10页 3.这三个词后接动名词这三个词后接动名词的主动形式，具有被动含义。的主动形式，具有被动含义。His clothes needed mending(to be mended)他的衣服需要缝补。他的衣服需要缝补。T
8、hese young trees will require looking after.这些幼苗需要细心照料。这些幼苗需要细心照料。第11页 4.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词A在like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。示具体的一次性动作。e.g.We hate working with persons of this kind.我们不喜欢和这种人共事。我们不喜欢和这种人共事。We hate to work wit
9、h that person.我们不喜欢和那个人共事。我们不喜欢和那个人共事。第12页 B.有些动词有些动词如如remember,forget,regret,try，stop,go on,mean,等后既可接动词不定式又等后既可接动词不定式又可接动名词，可接动名词，但但意义不同意义不同。remember/forget/regret+to do 表该动作未曾发生表该动作未曾发生 remember/forget/regret+doing表该动作已发生表该动作已发生stop to do 停止一件事去做另一件事停止一件事去做另一件事stop doing停止做同一件事停止做同一件事go on to do
10、继续做另一件事继续做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事继续做同一件事mean to do 打算做某事打算做某事mean doing意味着意味着try to do 努力做某事努力做某事try doing 试一试试一试cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事习惯于做某事be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 1.动词动词-ing形式的复合结构形式的复合结构：在其前加上：在其前加上逻辑逻辑主语主语来强调动
11、作的执行者，该逻辑主语是来强调动作的执行者，该逻辑主语是；当逻辑主语不出；当逻辑主语不出现在句首时，可用现在句首时，可用。Do you mind my opening the window?I really cant understand you treatig her like that.My coming late made my teacher angry.2.动词动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加形式的否定形式是在其前面加not Not cleaning her teech made her breath smell bad.Your schoolmates not coming
12、home on time made her parents worried.John apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.v.-ing形式作定语形式作定语v.-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语v.-ing形式作表语形式作表语Revision-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Talking to him is talking to a wall.对他说话等于对牛弹琴
13、。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。2.Smoking may cause cancer.吸烟会致癌。吸烟会致癌。3.Walking is my sole exercise.散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。4.Talking mends no holes.（谚）空谈无济于事。（谚）空谈无济于事。5.I suggest bringing the meeting to an end.我建议结束会议。我建议结束会议。6.He admitted taking the money.他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。7.I couldnt help laughing.我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。8.
14、Your coat needs brushing.你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。一、一、-ing形式作定语形式作定语1.单个动词的单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如：。如：drinking water=water for drinking a walking stick=a stick for walking a reading room=a room for reading表作用或功能表作用或功能 boilin
15、g water =water that is boiling a developing country=a country that is developing a surprising result=a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果一个惊人的结果 表正在进行的动作或状态表正在进行的动作或状态2.-ing形式短语作定语时形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的放在所修饰的名词之后名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。语从句。They lived in a room facing the street.=They lived in a ro
16、om that faces the street.The man standing there is Peters father.=The man who is standing there is Peters father.3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态词的被动语态。例如：。例如：The meeting being held is very important.正召开的会议很重要。正召开的会议很重要。The skyscraper being built is s
17、till higher than that built the year before last.正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。重点把握：重点把握：having done(现在分词现在分词的完成时态的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语。不能作定语。二、二、-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 1.1)动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，强调动作的在宾语后面，强调动作的主动，正在主动，正在进行进行或表示或表示一种状态一种状态。如：
18、。如：When we returned to the school,we found a stranger standing at the entrance.当我们回到学校时当我们回到学校时,发现一个陌生发现一个陌生人站在大门口。人站在大门口。We found the snake eating the eggs.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground.我发现地板上放着一个包。我发现地板上放着一个包。The boss kept the workers working the whole night.那老板让工人整夜地工作。那
19、老板让工人整夜地工作。2）当主句转换为被动结构时当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语原来作宾语补足语的动词补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为形式便转换为主语补足语主语补足语。如：如：They found the result very satisfying.=The result is found very satisfying.这个结果很令人满意。这个结果很令人满意。They heard him singing in the next room.=He was heard singing in the next room.有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。We mustnt k
20、eep them waiting.=They mustnt be kept waiting.千万不能让他们等。千万不能让他们等。2.能用能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,watch,look at,listen to等。如：等。如：e.g.We saw a light burning in the window.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.Can you
21、smell anything burning?Listen to the birds singing.I wont have you doing that.This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：等。如：3.介词
22、介词with后也可接动词后也可接动词-ing形式作宾补形式作宾补，此时此时with后的宾语是动词后的宾语是动词-ing形式动作的形式动作的发出者。发出者。With the boy leading the road,we could get the place easily.4.see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用等动词之后用-ing形形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。我们走过
23、教室，看见老师在做实验。We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:三、三、-ing形式作表语形式作表语 1.-ing形式作表语时，放在系动词形式作表语时，放在系动词be,become,get(变得变得),look(看起来看起来),seem,appear(似乎似乎),sound(听起来听起来),feel(摸起来摸起来)
24、,keep等之后。等之后。e.g.Her hobby is painting.My job is looking after the children.It sounds interesting.The book seems boring.2.动词动词-ing形式做主语和表语应遵循对形式做主语和表语应遵循对称原则，即主语用动词称原则，即主语用动词-ing形式时，表形式时，表语也用动词语也用动词-ing形式形式。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。Exercises Point out the usage of the ing form.1.Do you find it
25、funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin,bumping into someone else round a corner,or falling down a hole in the road?sliding,bumping,falling 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 2.He became famous for using a particular form of acting,including mime and farce.using 作介词作介词for的宾语的宾语 including作状语作状语 3.But he was lived by
26、 all who watched the films for his determination in overcoming difficulties and being kind even when people were unkind to him.overcoming作介词宾语作介词宾语 4.That was the problem facing Charlie Chaplin in one of his most famous films.facing 作定语作定语 5.He loved it by using nonverbal humor.using 作介词宾语作介词宾语 6.Th
27、eir job is“panning for gold”.panning 作表语作表语 7.Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe.cutting,eating 作宾语作宾语 Not that Charlies own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.His parents were both poor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught
28、 to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at this time,especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately his father died,leaving the family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick m
29、other and his brother.By his teens,Charlie had,through his humour,become one of the most popular child actors in England.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.Please read the sentences carefully,
30、trying to pick out the errors and then correct them.1.I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.visiting 2.Many people still enjoy seeing Charlie Chaplins silent films.4.Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.burst 5.We are all fond of
31、Charlies early films,which we think are more interested.6.I missed to see the beginning of the film City Lights the other day.7.I wouldnt mind to see The Gold Rush again with you tonight.interestingseeingseeing 8.Charlies job was entertain people,wasnt he?entertaining 从从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以
32、填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A.run B.running C.being run D.to run 2.Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door.A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.to wait3.The _ waiter came up to us and said,“You are welcome.”A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.to smile 4.A p
33、hone call sent him _ to the hospital.A.hurry B.hurrying C.to hurryD.hurried5.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 6.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed 7.There are lots of places of interest
34、 _ in our city.A.needs repairing B.needing repaired C.needed repairing D.needing to be repaired 8.The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A.flying;to sleep B.flying;sleeping C.to fly;to sleeping D.to fly;to sleep 9.When we
35、 got back from the cinema,we found the lamp _ but the door _.A.being on;shut B.burning;shutting C.burning;shut D.on;shutting 10.As is known to us all,traveling is _,but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A.interesting;tired B.interested;tiring C.interesting;tiring D.interested;tired 11.Th
36、e woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A.giving B.being given C.given D.gave12.As the stone was too heavy to move,I left it _on the ground.A.laying B.lay C.lying D.lain 13.Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding.A.read B.being read C.to be read D.readingUnit 42.动词动词-ing形式
37、的作用：形式的作用：观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。(1)This is an interesting book.()(2)The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.()(3)Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.()(4)I saw the boy walking on the stree yesterday.()(5)Playing football is his favotire sport.()(6)I didnt
38、stop working last night.()(7)My work is teaching English.()定语定语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是_中的一种中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除，单独使用时，能在句中做除_之外的之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。定语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示_（主动（主动/被动的被动的动作。在时间上，动词动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示一般表示_（正在进行（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。已
39、经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行动词动词-ing在语法功能上相当于在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词动词、形容词和副词和副词。现在分词现在分词通常和通常和逻辑主语逻辑主语之间存在之间存在主动关系主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：。但要注意它地各种形式变化：主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 doing being done having done having been done动词动词-ing做状语做状语一般式一般式完成式完成式否定式否定式 not doing现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主
40、语之间存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原原因因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。等。现在分词现在分词一般不用作表目的状语一般不用作表目的状语（通常用不（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。定式表目的地状语）。When I was walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.=Walking in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.While he was waiting for the bus,he
41、 read a copy of China Daily.=Waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.1）表时间状语表时间状语2)表原因状语表原因状语 Because he was ill,he didnt go to school.=Being ill,he didnt go to school.Since you are a student,you should study hard.=Being a student,you should study hard.As I thought he might be at home,I ca
42、lled him.=Thinking he might be at home,I called him.3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是主语的主语的一个一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生同时发生，或是，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步的补充说明作进一步的补充说明。He sat on the sofa,and watched TV.=He sat on the sofa,watching TV.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑
43、着谈着走进了教室。_,they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。He stood _the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talkingleaning against4)表结果表结果(顺其自然的结果）顺其自然的结果）Her mother died in 1990,and left her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990,leaving her with her younger brot
44、her.全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎地歌曲。欢迎地歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song5)表条件表条件If you use your head,you will find a way.=Using your head,you will find a way.一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。_,you will see a white house.Walking ahead观察下列观察下
45、列2个句子个句子,体会体会having done与与doing的不同的用法的不同的用法(1)Having written the letter,John went to the post office.(2)Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.总结总结:V-ingdoinghaving done 表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动作表动作同时发生同时发生一般式一般式完成式完成式Exercise1:1)._ the child to bed,she began to correct the students homework.A
46、.Sending B.Being sent C.Sent D.Having sent2).Be careful when/while _(cross)the street.3)._ (听到这个消息听到这个消息),we got excited.crossingHearing the newsExercise2:1).她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。她被蛇咬了三次后，她看见蛇后就害怕。_,2).正在进行的那个会议非常重要。正在进行的那个会议非常重要。_for three times she feels frightened when seeing the snake.Having been b
47、itten by the snakeThe meeting being held now is of great importance.举一反三举一反三:V-ingdoinghaving done一般式一般式完成式完成式being donehaving been done主动主动被动被动 1)_him the answer several timeS,I didt know whether he could understand.2)_the answer several times,he still couldnt sovle the question.Having toldHaving b
48、een toldExercise3:用用having been told having told填空：填空：having donehaving been done归纳归纳主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的发出者发出者。主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的承受者承受者。总结：总结：doing (正在发生的主动的动作正在发生的主动的动作）being done(正在发生的被动的动作正在发生的被动的动作）having done(已经发生的主动的动作已经发生的主动的动作）having been done(已经发生的被动的动作已经发生的被动的动作）前后主语是否一致是解题的关键：前后主语是否一致是解题的关键：Wh
49、en we stand on the hill,we can see our school.(When)Standing on the hill,we can see.-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须与主它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。句的主语是一致的。根据根据A句完成句完成B句句,使两句意思不变。使两句意思不变。1.A:Having done their homework,the children played football.B:_,the children played football.2.A:If you work hard,you will do well
50、 in the exam.B:_,you will do well in the exam.After they had done their homeworkWorking hard 3.A:She sat there and stared at the tree.B:She sat there,_.4.A:Although he is not rich,he helped the poor generously.B:_,he helped the poor generously.staring at the treeNot being rich Choose the best answer
