1、最新高二英语试卷分类汇编英语阅读理解(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look
2、 at its genome (基因组) and find out, Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlle
3、d it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell. The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit con
4、tains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell. However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat t
5、he fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species. The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these
6、 genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics. Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may ev
7、en cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.（1）What give durian its unique smell? A.Onions nearby.B.Two gene copies.C.Rotten ingredients in it.D.Volatile sulfur compounds.（2）What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragraph 5 prob
8、ably mean? A.Developed.B.Escaped.C.Predicted.D.Tolerated.（3）What can we infer from the text? A.No birds enjoy eating durian.B.Durian can be planted all over the world.C.Some of durian species can not be eaten.D.Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.（4）Whats the best title for the text? A.Wh
9、ats Durian?B.The Influence of the SmellC.The Distribution of DurianD.The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit,
10、 and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发
11、现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词 evolved 是同义词。故选A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘
12、制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car
13、windshield that stores the suns energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear. According to a team of researchers at MIT, both cases may be possible before long, thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This t
14、ransparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it during daylight. For the sun to become a major power provider for human needs, there has to be an efficient way to save it up for use d
15、uring nighttime and stormy days. Most such efforts have focused on storing and recovering solar energy in the form of electricity, but the new finding, by MlI professor Jeffrey Grossman, Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho, could provide a highly efficient method for storing th
16、e suns energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later as heat. The key to enabling long-term, stable storage of solar heat, the team said, is to store it in the form of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself. But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material
17、 around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. When exposed to sunlight, the molecules can stay that way for long periods Then, when triggered (触发)by a very specific temperature or something else, the molecules return to thei
18、r original shape , giving off heat in the process. Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed before. But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and not able to make durable (耐用的) solid-state films. The new approach is
19、the first based on a solid-state material, in this case a polymer, and the first based on inexpensive materials and widespread production technology.（1）What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1? A.To show the main idea of the passage.B.To practice readers imagination.C.To interest readers in the passa
20、ge.D.To introduce a new kind of material.（2）According to the passage, what can the polymer film do? A.It can be made into window glass.B.It can make necessary electricity.C.It can store energy and release sunshine.D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.（3）According to the passage, what is STF ba
21、sed on? A.The chemical reaction.B.The movement of heat.C.The form of electricity.D.The physical reaction.（4）What is the advantage of the molecular configuration? A.It is less expensive.B.It is very powerful.C.It is easily available.D.It is less changeable.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种
22、新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy, allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room. Or, picture a car windshield that stores the suns energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disap
23、pear. ”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量，然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事，以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“thanks to a new material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat. This transparent
24、polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces, such as window glass or clothing. ”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或服装)可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。故选D。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Such chemically-based storage materials, known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF), have been developed be
25、fore. ”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料，即太阳能热燃料(STF)，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知，STF是以化学反应为基础。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But heat will disappear over time no matter how good the material around it is, so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energy in a stable molecular configuration. ”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物质有多
26、好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Nowadays, especially in China, everything seems to favor social intercourse(社交) , such as gatherings of friends, KTV, group travel, dining tighter, playing card
27、s and Mahjong, plus the Chinese-style street-crossing group. Back home, discussions can still be boisterously carried on within the circle of friends of WeChat. However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness. Zhu Ziqing, a well-known professor of Tsinghua University, signed with emot
28、ion: My loneliness increases as scene becomes much busier. One popular song today is also called A lonely man in crowds. Actually, engaging in social intercourse requires ability, while being alone involves the whole character. These days, it is not easy to calm down totally and return to ones true
29、self. Willpower, intellect and discipline are required. Einstein said: It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not. The spare time he referred to could be taken as spending time by yourself. Lonely life could be either dull
30、, boring and tasteless or abundant, interesting and colorful, depending on ones quality, ambition and inspiration. Just as the body constantly requires energy, the mind and soul also demand never stopping inputs. However,information, processed and integrated (融入) into knowledge, thoughts and feeling
31、s, instead of bustle (忙碌) seems to be the right condition. Successful careers m all walks of life worldwide have proved that the soul grows in peace and talent is nurtured in loneliness. In a sense, it may be reasonable to say that Happiness tends to be shallow while loneliness involves depth. Man,
32、in fact, needs loneliness more than happy time, and only abundant loneliness can produce quality happiness. （1）Which of the following can replace the underlined the word boisterously in paragraph l? A.surprisinglyB.sadlyC.busilyD.peacefully（2）What can we infer from the second paragraph? A.Being alon
33、e marks people depressed.B.Social intercourse improves our happiness.C.One may feel lonely even when surrounded by people.D.We should attend social intercourse to decrease our loneliness.（3）What can we know from Einsteins words? A.You should be successful if you spend all your time by yourself.B.You
34、 should exercise more if you want to keep your minds healthy.C.You will not become successful if you join in more social intercourse.D.You will be more successful if you can make your lonely time meaningful.（4）Which may be the best title for this passage? A.Live on Your OwnB.Happiness and Loneliness
35、C.The Secret of SuccessD.Practice Your Social Ability【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，人们看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。（1）考查词意猜测题。根据第一段可知，如今，尤其是在中国，一切都似乎有利于社会交往，如朋友聚会、KTV、团体旅游、餐饮更紧，打牌和麻将，加上中式“过街组”。可以猜测出下文：回到家中仍然忙着在微信上讨论。所以划线词boisterously的意思是“忙的”，故选C。（2）考查推理判断题。根据第二段第
36、一句，也是主题句However, these scenes cannot always ease a sense of loneliness.以及A lonely man in crowds.”可知，一个人就算被人包围着也可能感到孤独。故选C。（3）考查细节理解题。根据第三段Einstein said: “It is not your working time but your spare time that determines the possibility of whether you will be successful or not.”（ 爱因斯坦说：“不是你的工作时间，而是你的业余
37、时间决定了你是否成功的可能性。）可知，如果你能让寂寞的时间更有意义，你会更成功。故选D。（4）考查标题判断题。本文主要讨论了在现今社会中很多的社会往活动在进行中，人们看似很幸福。然而，一切都掩盖不了人们在这些幸福场景背后倍感孤独的社会现象。所以最佳标题是B. Happiness and Loneliness，故选B.【点评】寻找文章的主题句了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。4阅读理解 Its 3 oclock an
38、d youve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesnt. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used t
39、o make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “
40、stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hung
41、er is a function of survival. A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in
42、fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more yo
43、u deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stom
44、ach. （1）What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving? A.It shows food is linked to feeli
45、ngs.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.（3）Whats the likely result of dieting? A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of food desire.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.（4）What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The functions of brain areas.B.What hunger is all about.C.The findings of food craving.D.What dieting may bring us.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，主要谈论饮食冲动的调查结果。食物与情感有关系，节食的结果会导致食物欲望的增加。(1)目的意图题。根据第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desir
