1、Nonfinite Verbs(非谓语动词非谓语动词)非谓语做主语非谓语做主语Smoking is prohibited hereIt is not very good for you to smoke so much doing 作主语通常表示抽象动作；作主语通常表示抽象动作；to do作主语表示具体动作。作主语表示具体动作。doing作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。to do 通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring To
2、be an athlete is his dream.It is+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sth.Its no good/no use/not any use/good,useless doing sth.Theres no doing.There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。这种事开不得玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。历史车轮不可阻挡。Being stolen is a miserable(痛苦的痛苦的)experience.主语的复
3、合结构主语的复合结构 (注意注意not 的位置的位置)it 作形式主语作形式主语Marys/His not being late for schoolHis not having been thereIt is very kind of you to help us.过去分词过去分词done不可作主语，若主语须表达被动含义，不可作主语，若主语须表达被动含义，则用则用being done非谓语做宾语非谓语做宾语不定式不定式 的省略的省略1.1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/dec
4、ide/plan/mean/try/would like/be ready/be afraid/be glad等等后，动词不定式省略后，动词不定式省略toto后面的动词部分，但保留后面的动词部分，但保留to。(1)-I ll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my dog?-Not at all.I d be glad to.(2)-Will you go with me?-Well,I d like to.(3)-Will you go home tomorrow?-No.I m going to a lectur
5、e，or at least I am planning to.注意：如若不定式结构中是注意：如若不定式结构中是be或或have,需保留需保留be 和和 have(3)-Are you a taxi driver?-No,I used to be.(4)-Hasnt he finished writing the report?-No,but he ought to have.2.2.当当like或或want在由在由when/whenever/what/whatever/as/if等引导的状语从句中时，其后往往省略整个动词等引导的状语从句中时，其后往往省略整个动词不定式。不定式。(1)Come
6、whenever you like.(2)Tom,don t be nervous.Take whatever you want!(3)Do anything as you like.(4)You don t have to come swimming if you don t want.I cannot but agree to his terms.We could do nothing but/other than wait.I cannot choose but _(laugh)We had no choice but _(wait)but to do except to do besi
7、des to do other than to doCant choose but do (只好只好)Cant help but doCant but do当介词当介词but,except,besides 以及以及other than 前前有作为实意动词的有作为实意动词的do时，不定式的时，不定式的to 可以省略。可以省略。非谓语做表语非谓语做表语做表语做表语-主系表主系表to do具体行为具体行为表示表示“愿望，计划，愿望，计划，决定决定”be to do 将来时态将来时态My next plan is to draw a picture for the house seem/appear(
8、似乎，好像似乎，好像)prove/turn out(被证明是被证明是)remain(仍然是，仍然是，尚待尚待）等连系动词后等连系动词后 He seemed(to be)very happy.We are to meet at the school gate at six.(be to do表示安排表示安排)doing一般行为一般行为通常形容通常形容“物物”居居多多be doing进行时态进行时态My job is teaching you English.The film is exciting.He is eating an apple.done通常形容通常形容“人人”居居多多be done
9、被动被动He is moved.The job is done.The book is gone.3.I asked her if she had any rooms to let.不定式主动形式表被动意义不定式主动形式表被动意义 1.The house is _.2.She is not the person _.to rentto blame某些动词的不定式做表语时，其主动形式表达被动含义。某些动词的不定式做表语时，其主动形式表达被动含义。常用的有常用的有：to blame,to seek,to let不定式做表语的省略：不定式做表语的省略：1.The first things he di
10、d was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training.2.What we want to do now is lie down and rest.3.What a dictionary does is help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words.非谓语做定语非谓语做定语a wounded soldierthe soldier wounded in the battle1)The machine _(r
11、un)by the old worker is made in Shanghai.2)The woman _(talk)to a foreigner is our English teacher.runtalking1.doing 表示主动表示主动；done 表示被动表示被动Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.2.doing 表示动作正在进行表示动作正在进行 done 表示动作动作已经结束表示动作动作已经结束 to do 表示将来表示将来The students have cleared away the _
12、(fall)leaves.fallen3.doing 说明人或物的性质；表示说明人或物的性质；表示“令人令人的的”；done 说明人或物的状态，表示说明人或物的状态，表示“感到感到的的”1）She listened with a _(puzzle)expression on her face.2）The _(disappoint)look reflected that he was not very satisfied with my studies.puzzleddisappointedan excited voicean interesting storya frightened girl
13、-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能 reading material walking stick fishing pole flying suit writing table listening practice 阅读材料阅读材料 手杖手杖 鱼杆鱼杆 飞行服飞行服 写字台写字台 听力训练听力训练 to do 不定式作定语的相关注意点不定式作定语的相关注意点1.1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所 修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不 定式后面须有
14、相应的介词。定式后面须有相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to（担心）（担心）Please give me a knife to（切）（切）不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是timetime，placeplace或或wayway，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live 他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。worry about cut with2.2.在在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去结构
15、中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去 完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强 调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。There is a lot of work to do (Somebody has to do the work)There is a lot of work to be done (The work has to be done)3.3.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式 动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主
16、动语态，也 可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you)Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要你有什么要(我或别人我或别人)寄的东西吗寄的东西吗?(不定式不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的的动作执行者是已被省略的me或或someone else)非谓语做宾补非谓语做宾补1.在在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作宾补等感官动词后作宾补：doing 表示正在进行的
17、动作表示正在进行的动作 do 表示动作结束，强调结果表示动作结束，强调结果 done 表示其与宾语之间为表示其与宾语之间为被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系We heard her singing this song when we got here.We often hear this song sung by her.2.在在have,set,keep,leave,get 等动词后作宾补等动词后作宾补 doing 表示进行的状态或持续的状态表示进行的状态或持续的状态 done 表示被动关系表示被动关系Im sorry to have kept you waiting.You shouldnt
18、 keep your lights burning in the day.注意：以上几个动词的用法并不完全相同。注意：以上几个动词的用法并不完全相同。3.在使役动词在使役动词make后作宾补后作宾补 do表示主动表示主动 done表示被动表示被动The approaching examination made me study day and night.I raised my voice to make myself heard.3.在在with复合结构中作宾补复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动表示主动done表示被动表示被动to do 表示将来表示将来With the boy leadin
19、g us the way,we had no difficulty in finding her house.With homework done,Jim went out to play football.With so much homework to do,Jim has to stay at home.非谓语做状语非谓语做状语做状语做状语To do目的，结果，原目的，结果，原因因In order to,so as to So as to,such as to,enough to,too to Only to (不幸的意外的结果不幸的意外的结果)Im glad to see you./H
20、e shook his head as if to say“Dont trust her.”Doing结果，条件，让结果，条件，让步，时间，伴随步，时间，伴随Crossing the street,I met a friend.While flying over the channel,the pilot saw a bird.done条件，让步，时条件，让步，时间，伴随等间，伴随等Given time,he would win.Unless invited to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.Having done :一个动
21、作在另一动作之前一个动作在另一动作之前Having visited the factory,he went home.1.There being no pen,I had to write a letter with a pencil.2.Time permitting,Ill go over all these lessons before the exam.3.They walked in the garden,little birds singing happily in the tree.独立主格结构独立主格结构注意区别从句与非谓语注意区别从句与非谓语 Work hard and yo
22、ull do better.If you work hard,you will do better.Working hard,youll do better.I have several books,one of which is based on a movie.I have several books and one of them is based on a movie.I have several books,one of them based on a movie.做题步骤做题步骤 一、理解句子含义，分析句子结构一、理解句子含义，分析句子结构 二、找出逻辑主语，分析语态二、找出逻辑主
23、语，分析语态 三、分析时态，做出判断三、分析时态，做出判断非谓语动词的有关练习非谓语动词的有关练习Fill in the blanks:1 I would love _(go)to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.2We agreed _(meet)here but so far he hasnt turned up.3-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _(do)tha
24、t.4 Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.5 While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ (persuade)into buy something they dont really need.6 He claimed _(badly,treat)in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.7 The Olympic Games,_(play)in 776 BC,didnt
25、include women players until 1912.to have goneto meethaving doneto have studied being persuadedto have been badly treatedplayed8 Do you mind _(Jane,leave)alone at home?9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry out)the next year.10 Ive worked with children before,so I know
26、what _ (expect)in my new job .11 She cant help _(clean)the house because she s busy making a cake.12 Cleaning women in big cities get _(pay)by the hour.13 _(give)the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.14 If you go to Xian,youll find the palaces there ar
27、e more magnificent than commonly _(suppose).15-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?-_(get)enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.16 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_(not,make)it more difficult.Janes being leftcarried outto expectto cleanpaidGivensupp
28、osedTo getnot to make17 Last summer I took a course on how_(make)a dresses.18 How about the two of us _(take)a walk down there?19 The patient was warned _(eat)oily food after the operation.20 The students would love _(take)for a picnic.21 Robert is said _(write)a book,but I dont know when he can fin
29、ish it.22 This page needs_(check)again.23-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _(read)a second time.24 He has always insisted on the man_(call)Dr.Turner instead of Mr Turner.25 After_(check),the products leave the factory.26 Tom kept quiet about the accident so as _(not,lose)the job
30、.27 _(excite),she couldnt fall asleep.28 No one can stop earthquake _(happen).29 Be quick!They have the car _(wait)outside.to maketakingnot to eatto be takento be writingchecking/to be checkedreadingbeing calledbeing checkednot to loseExcitedhappeningwaiting30 Dont have him_(work)all day long.I can
31、help him because Ive got nothing _(do)these days.31 Those who have questions _(ask),_(raise)your hands.32 This room is used _(store)food.33 The pilot is quite used _(fly)in all kinds of weather.34 The postcard I had been looking forward to _(reach)me yesterday.35 We dont need _(leave)so early.36 The
32、y spent the whole night,_(lock)in the old house.37 When _(ask)why he was late,he just kept silent.38 The man jumped into the river and did everything he could _(save)the _(drown)boy.39 We must pay attention to the problem he referred _ _(make)fewer mistakes in our future work.40 Special attention has been paid to _(find)the answer to the problem.workingto doto askraiseto storeto flyingreachedto leavelockedaskedto savedrowningto to makefinding
