1、 Please enjoy yourself!Content Abstract It includes many famous buildings about Europeand America.The orders is as follows:France:Eiffel Tower,The Louvre Italy:the Leaning Tower of Pisa,Milan CathedralGerman:New Swan Fort,Sans Souci Palace America:The White House,The Golden Gate Bridge Content Abstr
2、actRussia:the Winter Palace,Red SquareBritain:Buckingham Palace ,Tower BridgeAustralia:Sydney Opera House Individual synopsis Name:Zhou Li Department:School of Foreign Language Class:Undergraduate Class Two School Number:092722027Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.Its the symbol of Paris whic
3、h was built in 1887 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution.It is named after its designer,Eiffel.Nobody will miss the chance tovisit it when he arrives in Paris.Its 300.51 meters inheight.It is made of iron and it is about 700 tons inweight.Therere 1665 steps to the top.It too
4、k 300 workers 2years to complete it.It was finished in 1889.Its a famous architecture in the world The LouvreThe Louvre,in its successive architectural metamorphoses,has dominated central Paris since thelate 12th century.Built on the citys western edge,theoriginal structure was gradually engulfed as
5、 the city grew.The dark fortress of the early days was transformed into the modernized dwelling of Franois Iand,later,the sumptuous palace of the Sun King,LouisXIV.Here we explore the history of this extraordinary edifice and of the museum that has occupied it since 1793.The Louvre:A Rich Past,An Am
6、bitious Future The LouvreOpen to all since 1793:From the outset,the Louvre has embodied the concept of a truly universal institution.Universal in the scope of its collections,it is also universal in its appeal to some 6 million visitors every year:a 21st-century museum rooted in200 years of innovati
7、on.the Leaning Tower of PisaLeaning Tower of Pisa in Italy Tuscany north of the cityof Pisa miracle Square.Place a large lawn dotted with a group of religious buildings,which are Cathedral(built in1063-13 century),baptism Church(built in 1153-14 century),the Clock Tower(Leaning Tower of Pisa)and the
8、 cemetery(built in 1278-15 century),and their outside walls are white marble vault,but their relativeindependence and form a unified Roman architecturalstyle.Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa cathedral behindthe Leaning Tower of PisaClock Tower was built in 1173,designed for vertical construction,but th
9、e project is due to start soon after the foundation and the soil soft and uneven toward completion in 1372,toward the southeast tower.Leaning Tower of Pisa City is the symbol of 1987 and its neighboring Cathedral,baptism Church,the cemetery with its 11th century to 14th century Italy tremendous impa
10、ct on the art of architecture,the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization selection as a World Heritage Site.Milan CathedralThe medal by Cardoso(1506)and the partial plan drawnby Bramante(in the Uffizi,Florence),probably representthe earliest stage of the design,before the di
11、fficulties appeared which obliged the architect and his successors to propose,and in some cases implement,numerous changes.These changes related not only to the general conception of the planfirst a Greek cross,then a Latin onebut also to the plan of the transepts,which at one time were to have ambu
12、latories;to the role of the Orders,first purely decorative(Bramante),then structural(Raphael,Michelangelo);and to the construction and shape of the dome,first witha single masonry shell(Bramante),then a double one(Sangallo,Michelangelo).The piers at the crossing,which were intended to support the do
13、me,were one of the biggest problems;too slender in Bramantes plan,they were frequently reinforced.In the 17th century further important modifications were made by Bernini when he created the great colonnade that encircles the Piazza San Petro.Milan CathedralNew Swan FortHohenschwangau is a village i
14、n the municipality of Schwangau,Ostallgu district,Bavaria,Germany.It is located between Schloss Neuschwanstein and Schloss Hohenschwangau and is visited by about 2 million people annually,where they start tours to the former royal palaces.The town is dominated by car parks,restaurants,guesthouses,ho
15、tels and souvenir shops.Hohenschwangau is bordered by the Alpsee in the WestSans Souci Palace It is the 18th century palace garden.And German Located in Potsdam,Germany,northern city,for the king of Prussia Frederick ii imitate French Versailles.From the French palace or dont worry.sans souci palace
16、 is the 18th century German architecture art,all the essence of architectural engineering and lasted for more than 50 years.51job palace by war,but not,though,are still suffering fire bombardment intactThe White House Official residence of the U.S.president,in Washington,D.C.It has been the home of
17、every president since John Adams.In 1791 James Hoban(17621831)won the commission to build the presidential residence with his plan for a Georgian mansion in the style of Andrea Palladio.The structure,to be built of gray sandstone,was to have more than 100 rooms.The British burned it in 1814,but it w
18、as rebuilt and enlarged under Hobans direction.The White Housebut it was rebuilt and enlarged under Hobans direction.In the 1820s,Hoban added eastern and western terraces as well as a semicircular southern portico and a colonnaded northern portico.The later addition of the West Wing(1902)and East Wi
19、ng(1942)provided additional office space.Theodore Roosevelt adopted White House as the buildings official name in 1902.Its public areas are toured by about 1.5 million people every year.The Golden Gate Bridge The orange towers of the Golden Gate Bridge-probablythe most beautiful,certainly the most p
20、hotographedbridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco.The only cleft in Northern Californias 600-mile continental wall,for years this mile-wide strait was considered unbridgeable.As much an architectural as an engineering feat,the Golden Gate took only 52 m
21、onths to design and build,The Golden Gate Bridgeand was opened in 1937.Designed by Joseph Strauss,itwas the first really massive suspension bridge,with a span of 4200ft,and until 1959 ranked as the worlds longest.It connects the city at its northwesterly point on the peninsula to Marin County and No
22、rthern California,rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant,and was designed to withstand winds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27ft.the Winter Palace Located between the Palace Embankment and the Palace Square,the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg,Russia was
23、 built between 1754 and 1762 as the winterresidence of the Russian tsars.Designed by BartolommeoEasterly,the Rococo-style,green-and-white palace has1,786 doors and 1,945 windows.Catherine the Great was its first imperial occupant.The Palace is now part of a complex of buildings known as the State He
24、rmitage Museum which holds one of the worlds greatest collections of art.the Winter Palace As part of the Museum,many of the Winter Palaces 1,057 halls and rooms are open to the public.The Military Gallery,opened in 1826,accommodates 332 portraits of military leaders of the Russian army duringthe Na
25、poleons invasion of Russia.After the FebruaryRevolution in Russia,the Winter Palace was the headquarters of the Russian Provisional Government.The assault of the Winter Palace by Bolshevik forces was the official milestone of the October RevolutionRed Square Red Square was originally called 托尔格,whic
26、h means market in 1662 changed to Red Square,whichmeans Beautiful Place,with an area of 91,000 square meters,located in the center of the country to hold the kinds of large-scale ceremonies and the parade of the central location,is the worlds one of the famous square.Red Square is a unique ground,st
27、one-paved by the article,in the west side of Red Square is the Lenin andthe Kremlin walls and three towers in the Kremlin wallsand Lenin between 12 tombstone including Stalin,Brezhnev,Red SquareAndropov,Cherenkov,politicians in the former Soviet Union,such as a headstone.South of Moscow,Red.Square i
28、s a symbol of the most classic Cathedral Valise;on the north side of the State Museum of History,founded in 1873 and is a landmark building in Moscow.Near there to commemorate the 50th anniversary of victory in World War II and the construction of the Second World War hero Marshal Zhukov statue,as w
29、ellas the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.The east is one ofthe world famous department store,one of 10 shoppingcenters Kit gum Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the monarchs present London home，facing St.James park.It as built for the Duke of Buckingham and Normandy John Sheffield in 1703.Buckingh
30、am House was bought by George III for his wife at the price of 28，000 pounds in 1761 and the royal family moved there from St.James Palace.It was enlarged in the Palladian（帕拉弟奥的）style by JohnNash in the reign Of George IV and then the buildingbecame known as Buckingham Palace.When Victoria came to t
31、he throne，she made it theroyal palace.In the palace can be found the Marble Hall Buckingham PalaceSculpture Gallery，the Picture Gallery，the Throne Room，the Drawing Room，the Library，the Royal Stamp-Collecting Room，the Grand Staircase（楼梯）and Vestibule（门廊），over 600 rooms and halls in all.The grounds co
32、ver 40 acres and there are collectionsof famous paintings and of furniture，most of which are works dating from George IV s time.Since 1993，Buckingham Palace has been open to the public during the summer months only Tower BridgeIt took 8 years,5 major contractors and the relentless labor of 432 const
33、ruction workers to build Tower Bridge.Two massive piers had to be sunk into the river bed tosupport the construction,over 11,000 tons of steel provided the framework for the towers and walkways.This was then clad in Cornish granite and Portland stone,both to protect the underlying steelwork and to g
34、ive the bridge a more pleasing appearance.Sydney Opera HouseThe Sydney Opera House is one of the most famousbuildings in the world.It is considered to be one of the most recognizable images of the modern world althoughthe building has been open for only about 30 years.TheSydney Opera House is as rep
35、resentative of Australiaas the pyramids are of Egypt.6 225 square meters of glass and 645 kilometers of electric cable were used to build the Opera House.It includes 1 000 rooms.It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide.The buildings roof sections weigh about 15 tons.Sydney Opera HouseThere are 1 mi
36、llion tiles on the roof.It provides guide tours to 200 000 people each year.But do you know the Opera House with a roof wasdesigned by a famous Danish architect，Utzon?In thelate 1958the Australian Government established an appeal fund tofinance the construction of the Sydney Opera House，and conducte
37、d a competition for its design was chosen.Utzon spent a few years reworking the design and it was 1961 before he had solved the problem of how to build the distinguishing featurethe sails of the roof.Sydney Opera House The venture experienced cost blowouts.In 1966 the situation reached crisis point
38、and Utzon resigned from the project.The building was finally competed by others in 1973.Sydney Opera House was opened by Queen Elizabeth on 20th October 1973.The Opera House reaches out into the harbour.Seen from the air or a ferry，the skyline of the Sydney Opera Hose，the blue water of the harbour and the Sydney Harbour Bridge，is beautiful.
