1、1.Today we buried our 20-year-old son.He was killed instantly in a motorcycle accident yesterday.How I wish I had known it when I talked to him last time.If I had known what would happen,I would have said,Jim,I love you and Im so very proud of you.Read the following essay and payspecial attention to
2、 the sentences in red.(你能说出它们的语法结构吗？）你能说出它们的语法结构吗？）2.Subjunctive mood (虚拟语气）虚拟语气）3.(1)语气：语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。(2)语气的种类：语气的种类：陈述语气陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。句和某些感叹句。We are not ready.我们没准备好。我们没准备好。What a fine
3、day it is！多好的天气啊！多好的天气啊！1语气的定义和种类语气的定义和种类4.祈使语气祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。命令等。Open the door，please.请打开门。请打开门。虚拟语气虚拟语气：当表示与事实相反的虚拟假设，：当表示与事实相反的虚拟假设，或说话者的主观愿望，推测时，谓语动词需要或说话者的主观愿望，推测时，谓语动词需要使用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。使用一种特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。eg.If I were you，I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。如果我是你，我就学英语了。Ma
4、y you succeed！祝您成功！祝您成功！5.Unreal conditionals with“if clause”if引导的虚拟条件句中引导的虚拟条件句中6.1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will we will go to the park.go to the park.1.If引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句If引导的真实条件句引导的真实条件句2.If he had seen you yesterday2.If he had seen you yesterday，he he would h
5、ave asked you about it.would have asked you about it.If引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句7.What would/could you do if you were a superman?If I were a superman,I would/could If I were a superman,I could protect people who are in danger.Look and learn:8.If I got much money,I might/should What might/should you do if you
6、 got much money?If I got much money,I should donate some to people suffering the earthquake.9.What would/could you do if you lived on the moon?If I lived on the moon,I would/could/might/shouldIf I lived on the moon,I might see the beautyChange.10.If I were a superman,I could protect people who are i
7、n danger.If I lived on the moon,I might see the beautyChange.If I got much money,I should donate some to people suffering the earthquake.Find out the rules11.总结总结1.Opposite to the present truth 与现在事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成与现在事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成12.would intention;plan;expected result (意图；计划；意图；计划；必然结果必然结果）could abil
8、ity;possibility （能够能够；可能性）；可能性）might possibility （可能性可能性）should suggestion （建议）（建议）TIP13.Translation:1 如果我是你，我如果我是你，我可能可能会告诉他真相。会告诉他真相。If I _ you,I _him the truth.2 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会会很顺利的很顺利的.If my brother _ here,everything _ all right.weremight tellwerewould bePractice:14.要是我哥哥要是我哥哥昨天昨天在这儿，
9、一切都会很顺利在这儿，一切都会很顺利的的.If my brother _ here,everything _ all right.had beenwould have been比较一下发现什么不同了吗？比较一下发现什么不同了吗？1.If my brother were here,everything would be all right.2.If my brother had been here yesterday,everything would have been all right.15.If he_ more carefully,he_ the car accident yesterd
10、ay.Look and learn:16.If they hadnt broken the law,they wouldnt have been caught by the police.17.Find out the structure If my brother had been here yesterday,everything would have been all right.If he had driven more carefully,he wouldnt have had the car accident yesterday.If they hadnt broken the l
11、aw,they wouldnt have been caught by the police.18.总结总结2.Opposite to the past truth 与过去事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成与过去事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成19.1.If Tom _(be)more careful in the exam,he _ (pass)it already.2.If you _(get)up earlier,you _ (catch)the first train.3.If I _(meet)you yesterday,we _ (go)to the concert together.had
12、 beenwould have passedhad gotmight have caughthad met could have gonePractice:20.：Would you please help me move house tomorrow?：Id like to,but I have a meeting tomorrow.If I got time tomorrow,I would certainly help you.：Thats all right.Thank you all the same.Read and learn:21.If it should be the Spr
13、ing Festival tomorrow,I might get some pocket money.If I were to have free time this Friday,I would go to the party.However,Ill attend a meeting that day.What a pity!22.If I got time tomorrow,I would certainly help you.If I were to have free time this Friday,I would go to the party.If it should be t
14、he Spring Festival tomorrow,I might get some pocket money.Summarize the structure23.总结总结3.Opposite to the future truth 与将来事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成与将来事实相反时，主、从句谓语构成24.如果明天下雨，运动会将会被推迟。如果明天下雨，运动会将会被推迟。If it rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.=If it _tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off.举一反三举一反
15、三should rain/were to rain25.Unreal conditionals with“if”2.If 引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构Consolidation(巩固）巩固）:26.If sb.,(条件句)sb.(主句主句)Present(现在现在)Past(过去过去)Future(将来将来)did/wereA.had donewould/could/should/might doD.would/could/should/might have doneB.did/wereshould dowere to doC.would/could/should/mi
16、ght doOpposite to27.Have a try!3.If引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装：引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装：(Inverted structures of them)28.1._ to do the work,I should do it some other day.A.If were I B.I were C.If I were D.Was I E.Were IIf I were to do the work,I should do it some other day.=Were I to do the work,I should do it some other day
17、.29.2._ it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the park.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will =If it should rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the park.Should it rain tomorrow,we would have to put off the visit to the park.30.3._ for the doctors careful treatment,he _till l
18、ast year.A.If it is not,cant live B.Were it not,couldnt liveC.If it hadnt been,couldnt have lived D.Had it not been,couldnt have lived E.If they were not,couldnt live31.If it hadnt been for the doctors careful treatment,he couldnt have lived till last year.=Had it not been for the doctors careful tr
19、eatment,he couldnt have lived till last year32.在在If引导的虚拟条件句中引导的虚拟条件句中 总结总结should,were 和和 had 可以放在可以放在句首，这种情况下，句首，这种情况下，if必须省略必须省略.33.1.如果如果had是实义动词，表示是实义动词，表示“有有”时，时，则则不可以不可以移到句首。移到句首。正：正：If we had time to spare,we would go to see a film.误：误：Had we time to spare,we would go to see a film.Tip34.If yo
20、u had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldnt be sleepy now.错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。If you _ _ _(turn right)just now,you _(be)in trouble now.had turned rightwouldnt be in4.If引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语气中：35.Its hard to image what I would be doing t
21、oday if I _ in love at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fallD.were to fall36.一一.含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句：有时假设的情况并不有时假设的情况并不用用if条件从句表示，而使用如条件从句表示，而使用如:but for(要不是要不是),without,with，or,otherwise等等一些介词短语，分词结构一些介词短语，分词结构来代替来代替if条件句条件句,这时剩下的主句要
22、用这时剩下的主句要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。虚拟语气虚拟语气其他形式：其他形式：37.a)with,without,but for 等介词短语代替等介词短语代替条件句相当于条件句相当于 if it is not for“要不是要不是”But for the rain,the crops would have died.(=If_)Without the teachers help,he couldnt have made such great progress in English.(=If _)it hadnt been for the rainit hadnt been for the tea
23、chers help,38.b).otherwise,but,or 常把真实情况和虚拟常把真实情况和虚拟语气混合语气混合（重、难点）（重、难点）I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副词）I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I was ill that day.（连词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing ab
24、out it.（连词）39.I _(give)you more help,but I was too busy.（连词）（连词）c)Given more time,we could have done it better.(分词短语分词短语)=If_ we had been given more time,might have given40.1.Without your help,we _ such rapid progress.A.couldnt make B.wouldnt makeC.will not have made D.wouldnt have made2.I could have called you for help,but I _ your number.A.couldnt have remembered B.didnt remember C.should have remembered D.hadnt remembered41.
