1、.Chapter 3 Myology 肌学肌学 主讲人主讲人:冯冯 娜娜.目的和要求目的和要求掌握骨骼肌的掌握骨骼肌的构造构造、分类、起止和作用。、分类、起止和作用。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了解肌的命名原则和肌的辅助装置。了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置了解咀嚼肌的组成。掌握咬肌、颞肌的位置、起止概况和作用。、起止概况和作用。掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、掌握颈浅肌群的主要作用、斜角肌间隙斜角肌间隙。掌握斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前掌握斜方肌、背阔肌、竖脊肌、胸大肌、前锯肌的位置和主要作用。锯肌的位置和主要作用。掌握掌握膈的位置、形态结构特点膈的位置、形态结构特点及膈的功能。及膈
2、的功能。掌握掌握腹前外侧肌群的位置腹前外侧肌群的位置、形态结构形态结构、起止、起止概况和主要作用。掌握概况和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘的组成。的组成。掌握掌握腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成腹股沟管和腹股沟三角的组成。.Bones:leverSkeletal muscle:motive force systemJoints:axis/hinge There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body,which together account for about 40 percent of a persons weight.nstr
3、uctureqMuscle belly肌腹肌腹qTendon肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜 Morphology and structure of skeletal muscle.nMorphologyLong muscle Short muscleFlat muscleOrbicular muscle.The origin,insertion,and architecture of the skeletal muscle nThe origin and insertion of the skeletal muscleorigininsertion.nArchitecture of
4、 muscles 肌的配布肌的配布:原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌原动肌、拮抗肌、协同肌、固定肌.Nomenclature of muscles肌的命肌的命名名:shap,size,location,and their points of attachment.The supplementary structures of musclen Fascia 筋膜筋膜Superficial fasciaDeep fasciai.Synovial bursa 滑膜囊滑膜囊.n Tendinous sheath 腱鞘腱鞘Fibrous layer Synovial layer:mesotendon腱系膜
5、腱系膜.Section 2 The muscles of head1.The facial muscles面肌面肌 the epicranius buccinator.2.The masticatory muscles咀嚼肌咀嚼肌 the masseter the temporalis the medial pterygoid the lateral pterygoid.Section 3 The muscles of neck By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups:superficial a
6、nd lateral,anterior,deep.).the superficial and lateral group 1.the platysma颈阔肌颈阔肌.2.Sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌 Insertion mastoid process Origin manubrium and sternal end of clavicle ActionThe head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side;protracts head when acting togeth
7、er.).the anterior group 1.the suprahyoid musclesdigastricmylohyoidstylohyoidGeniohyoid 2.the infrahyoid musclessternohyoidomohyoidsternothyroidthyrohyoid.).the deep group 1.lateral groupscalenus anterior scalenus mediusscalenus posteriorscalene fissure brachial plexus subclavian artery2.medial group
8、.The Muscles of TrunkThe Muscles of BackThe Muscles of ThoraxThe DiaphragmThe Muscles of AbdomenSection 4.The Muscles of Back trapezius斜方肌斜方肌 latissimus dorsi背阔肌背阔肌 levator scapulae肩胛提肌肩胛提肌 rhomboideus菱形肌菱形肌 erector spinae竖脊肌竖脊肌 splenius夹肌夹肌These muscles can be divided into two layers:the superficia
9、l and the deep layer.The Muscles of ThoraxnPectoralis major 胸大肌胸大肌 nPectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌nSerratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌.前锯肌前锯肌Serratus anterior.External intercostals 肋间外肌肋间外肌Internal intercostals 肋间内肌肋间内肌.Diaphragm 膈膈 Action inspiration and expiration；assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure Inserti
10、oncentral tendon Origin sternal costal lumbar vertebral 内侧弓状韧带内侧弓状韧带外侧弓状韧带外侧弓状韧带.Aortic aperture主动脉裂孔主动脉裂孔-12th thoracic vertebraEsophageal aperture食管裂孔食管裂孔-10th thoracic vertebra Vena cava foramen腔静脉裂孔腔静脉裂孔-8th thoracic vertebraT12T12T T1010T8T8.The Muscles of Abdomen Anterolateral groupExternal ab
11、dominal obliqueInternal abdominal obliqueTransversus abdominisRectus abdominisPosteriorgroupPsoas major 腰大肌腰大肌Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌腰方肌腹外斜肌腹外斜肌腹内斜肌腹内斜肌腹横肌腹横肌腹直肌腹直肌.1.1.external abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌aponeurotic structureinguinal ligament腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带 lacunar ligament腔隙韧带腔隙韧带 pectineal ligament耻骨梳韧带
12、耻骨梳韧带 superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环（一）（一）Anterolateral group.inguinal ligamentlacunar ligamentpectineal ligamentsuperficial inguinal ring.2.2.Internal abdominal oblique 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰腹股沟镰(联合腱联合腱)(conjoint tendon)3.3.Transversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌4.4.Rectus abdominis 腹直肌腹直肌.Anterior
13、layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique 5.5.Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘腹直肌鞘Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis6.6.Linea alba 白线白线白线白线弓状线弓状线.Psoas major 腰大肌腰大肌Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌腰方肌（二）（二）Posterior group.（三）（三）Inguinal ca
14、nal 腹股沟管腹股沟管.nTwo openingsqSuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环腹股沟浅环qDeep inguinal ring 腹股沟深环腹股沟深环.Boundaries Anterior wall 腹外斜肌腱膜腹外斜肌腱膜 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌 Posterior wall 腹横筋膜腹横筋膜 联合腱联合腱 Roof 腹横肌的弓状下缘腹横肌的弓状下缘 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌 Floor 腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带.nStructures passing through the inguinal canal.（四）（四）Inguinal(Hesselbach)Triangle 腹股沟三角腹股沟三角.小小 结结n概念：斜角肌间隙、腹股沟管、腹直肌鞘、腹概念：斜角肌间隙、腹股沟管、腹直肌鞘、腹股沟韧带、股沟韧带、Hesselbach Trianglen思考题：思考题：n1 1试述胸锁乳突肌的位置、起止点及功能。试述胸锁乳突肌的位置、起止点及功能。n2 2简述腹股沟管的位置、结构及其通过的解剖结简述腹股沟管的位置、结构及其通过的解剖结构。构。n3 3腹股沟三角如何构成？简述其临床意义。腹股沟三角如何构成？简述其临床意义。n4 4试述膈的起止、位置、重要结构和主要功能。试述膈的起止、位置、重要结构和主要功能。.Thank you!
