1、 110 初高中英语衔接 丏题一: 名词考点集汇,讲解和训练 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾 -s构成,其主要变法如下: ( 1)一般情况在词尾加 -s,例如: bookbooks ,girlgirls , boyboys ,penpens,doctordoctors 。 ( 2)以 s, x, ch, sh,结尾的词加 -es,例如:busbuses , classclasses boxboxes , watchwatches ,brushbr ushes。 ( 3)以 ce, se, ze,( d) ge 结尾的名词
2、加 s,例如:orangeoranges。 111 ( 4)以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变 y为 i再加 -es,例如: citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies 。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如: boyboys, daydays 。 ( 5)以 o 结尾的词多数都加 -es。例如 :heroheroes , potatopotatoes ,tomatotomatoes, 但词末为两个元音字母的词只加 -s。例如: zoozoos ,radioradios ,还有某些外来词也只加
3、-s,例如: photophotos , pianopianos 。 ( 6) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多数变 f 为 v 再加 -es,例如: knifeknives , leafleaves, halfhalves 。 复数词尾 s(或 es)的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾 s(或 es)的读音方法 情 况 读法 例 词 在 ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在 sztd3F iz glasses, pages, 112 等音后 oranges, buses, watches,faces 在 bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, cities, k
4、nives ( 7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:manmen , womanwomen , toothteeth ,footfeet , childchildren , mousemice goose-geese 【 注意 】 与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和 -women。例如: an Englishman, two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans; man, woman 等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如: men workers, women teachers。 有个别名词单
5、复数一样,例如: Chinese,Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。 ( 8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有: people, police 等。 Person a policeman 113 ( 9)数词 +名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形 式,中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 ( 10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如: trousers,clothes, chopsticks, glasses, goods, ashes,scissors, compass
6、es。 ( 11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词: physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称 : bowls 专有名词: the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词: news, falls 2不可数名词 “ 量 ” 的表示方法 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示 “ 量的概念 ” ,可以用以下两种方法: ( 1) 用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any,a great deal of 等表示多少,例如: Many , a few, a great number of The ric
7、h man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass? I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice 114 ( 2)用 a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of bread a bottle of orange ,a glass of water( milk) , a cup of tea 如果要表示 “ 两杯茶
8、” 、 “ 四张纸 ” 这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如: a bag of rice, three bags of rice two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。 1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其 单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s,例如: a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。 115 2
9、. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s,如:Childrens Day。 Teachers day, the Students Union 3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s,例如: a twenty minutes walk, ten miles journey, a boats length, two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构,例如: a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country
10、, the color of the flowers。 5. 双重所有格,例如: a friend of my fathers。 【 注意 】 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表示 分别有 ,例如: Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间); Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。 Johns and Marys rooms _are_(be) big. 两个名词并列,只有一个 s,则表示 “ 共有 ” ,例如: John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一116 间); Tom and Marys mother(即 To
11、m 与 Mary 是兄妹)。 John and Marys room_is_(be)in the third floor. 【演练】 1 - Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _. A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys 2 In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. di
12、nner 3 You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once 4 - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water 117 C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5
13、 Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear 6 There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7 The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 8 The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D.
14、teeths 9 - Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children 10 Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 11.Jim
15、 is one of his _friends_(friend). 118 12.There are many _oxen_(ox) on the farm. 13.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her elder _sisters _ (sister). 14.There are two important _reasons_(reason) why we offer you the goods now. 15.She has two _babies_(baby).Last week ,she took _them_ to take many
16、 _photos_(photo). 【练习答案】 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.B Michelle has finally realized one of her lifelong _(dream). She always wanted to attend the cooking_(school) that her adviser, Mr. Brown, attended. The school, which is in 119 Paris, accepts only 80_ (student) every_ (year). The stude
17、nts who are accepted generally have at least three_ (year) of cooking _(experience). Michelle has five years of paid experience. The _(project) which attracted Mr. Browns _(attention), however, was a cake Michelle made for a wedding. Mr. Brown had never tasted a cake that was as high and creamy as t
18、he one Michelle made. He gave Michelle his card and invited her to bake _cakes_(cake) at his restaurants beginning the next month. It was his invitation that began her career baking for a large restaurant. Now she is waiting for the _ (plane ) to Paris. ? 、名词的种类: 专有名词 普通名词 国名地名人名,团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词