1、用心 爱心 专心 1 专题一:名词考点集汇,讲解和训练 【名师点睛】 一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾 “-s”构成,其主要变法如下: ( 1)一般情况在词尾加 -s,例如: bookbooks , girlgirls , boyboys ,penpens,doctordoctors, boyboys 。 ( 2)以 s, x, ch, sh,结尾的词加 -es,例如: busbuses , classclasses boxboxes , watchwatches , brushb rushes。 ( 3)以 ce, se, ze,(
2、d) ge 结尾的名词加 s,例如: orangeoranges。 ( 4)以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变 “y”为 “i”再加 -es,例如: citycities, factoryfactories, countrycountries, familyfamilies 。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s,如: boyboys, daydays 。 ( 5)以 o 结尾的词多数都加 -es。例如 :heroheroes , potatopotatoes , tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加 -s。例如: zoozoos , radioradios
3、 ,还有某些外来词也只加 -s,例如: photophotos , pianopianos 。 ( 6) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,多数变 f 为 v 再加 -es,例如: knifeknives , leafleaves, halfhalves 。 复数词尾 s(或 es)的读音方法如下表所示。 复数词尾 s(或 es)的读音方法 情 况 读法 例 词 在 ptkf等清辅音后 s cups, hats, cakes 在 sztd3F等音后 iz glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces 在 bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds, dogs, c
4、ities, knives ( 7)少 数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如: manmen , womanwomen , toothteeth ,footfeet , childchildren , mousemice 。 【 注意 】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词, 其复数形式也是 -men 和 -women。例如: an Englishman, two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans; man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如: men workers, women teachers。 用心 爱心 专
5、心 2 有个别名词单复数一样,例如: Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。 ( 8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有: people, police 等。 ( 9)数词 +名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。 ( 10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如: trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, goods, ashes,scissors, compasses。 ( 11)只用作
6、单数的复数形式的名词有: 科学名词: physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称: bowls 专有名词: the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词: news, falls 2不可数名词 “量 ”的表示方法 在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示 “量的概念 ”,可以用以下两种方法: ( 1)用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如: The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there
7、 any water in the glass? I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice ( 2)用 a piece of 这类定语,例如: a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water( milk) a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示 “两杯茶 ”、 “四张纸 ”这类概念时,在容器后加复数 ,例如: tw
8、o cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格 名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。 1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s,例如: a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。 2. 如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s,如: Childrens Day。 用心 爱心 专心 3 3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格
9、、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s,例如: a twenty minutes walk, ten miles journey, a boats length, two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。 4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of结构,例如: a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 5. 双重所有格,例如: a frie nd of my fathers。 【 注意 】 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 s,则表
10、示 “分别有 ”,例如: Johns and Marys rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间); Toms and Marys bikes(两人各自的自行车)。 两个名词并列,只有一个 s,则表示 “共有 ”,例如: John and Marys room(约翰和玛丽共有一间); Tom and Marys mother(即 Tom 与 Mary 是兄妹)。 【演练】 1 - Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _. A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henr
11、ys 2 In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner 3 You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once 4 - They are thirsty. Will you please give them _
12、 ? - Certainly. A. s ome bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5 Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. f eet C. hand D. ear 6 There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 7 In England, the last name is
13、 the _ . A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 8 They are going to fly _ to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 9 The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 10 The little baby has two _ already. 用心 爱心 专心 4 A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth
14、 D. teeths 11 Whats your _ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news 12 - Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children 13 - You can see Mr. Smith if there is a
15、 sign “_ ”on the door of his shop. - Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14 Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 15 Where are the students? Are they in _ ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 【练习答案】 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B