1、英语句子种类,按句子的结构分为三种:,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),(一).简单句: 只有一个主语(或并列主语) 和 一个谓语(或并列谓语): .Tom likes rock music. .Tom and John are fond of rock music. .Tom sat down at his desk and began to do his homework.,简单句的五种基本句型,1. _ It is getting warmer and warmer. He looks
2、 pretty happy today. 高考经常考查的系动词: . “变得” _, _, _, _, _. . “看起来”_,_,_ “闻起来” _ “尝起来” _ “摸起来” _ “听起来”_,主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P),get become,turn go grow,look seem appear,smell,taste,feel,sound,系动词的用法: (注意三点) +_作表语; 无 _; 无 _; e.g. The dish _. (尝起来好吃) The story _. (听起来有趣).,adj.,宾语,被动语态,tastes delicious,sounds int
3、eresting,2. _ Our chalk has run out. On hearing the news, he cheered.高考经常考查的不及物动词（或短语）: “发生” _; _; _ ; _ _ “用完,用光”_; _. 不及物动词的用法: 无 _, 无_,主语 + 谓语 (S + V),happen occur,take place come about,break out,run out give out,宾语,被动语态,e.g. .“过去的几年里我们学校发生了很大的变化” Our school has taken place great changes in the l
4、ast few years. _ _. . Do you know what was happened yesterday? (改错),(),Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years.,3. _ We are having an English class. Mr Wang will attend the lecture.4. _ I teach you English. He offered me his seat.5. _ We should keep our classroom clean and
5、 tidy. I heard them cheering in the next room. I saw the window broken.,主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O),主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2),主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C),请说出下列句子类型:,1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows French.5.The gas smells terrible.,S+Vi,S+V+O+C,S+V+O1+O2,S+V+O,S+V+P,
6、(二)并列句(compound sentence):,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词或分号连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,常用并列连词,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词：因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and, both.and., not only. but also., neither. nor.,but,while,yet,for, so,or,请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。1.He was tired. He went to bed.2.The dress is really beautiful. I cant afford it.,He was tired, so he we
7、nt to bed.,The dress is really beautiful, but I cant afford it.,3. Mary is cooking. John is greeting guests.,Mary is cooking ,and / while John is greeting guests.,4.He works hard. He also likes helping others.,1. He not only works hard but he also likes helping others.,2.Not only does he work hard b
8、ut he also likes helping others.,(三）复合句:主句+从句主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,By the time he arrived, 1we had already left. 2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句:,从句,主句,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句： 1._ 2._ 3._,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope that everything is all right
9、.She was reading the newspaper when I came in.She is the girl who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,It is well-known that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held on August 8th.As is known to all, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in about four months.,主语从句,定语从句,I want to live in a place where the air
10、is fresh.I want to live where the air is fresh.,定语从句,状语从句,请把句子连接为一个含有状语从句复合句。 Ill give the letter to him .I see him. (时间状语从句),Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,as soon as the moment the minute immediately,It is such a big box .Nobody can move it. (结果状语从句),It is such a big box that nobody ca
11、n move it.Such a big box is it that nobody can move it.,It is so big a box that nobody can move it.,The dress is beautiful. I cant afford it. (让步状语从句),Although /Though the dress is beautiful, I cant afford it.,Beautiful as the dress is, I cant afford it.,按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1） 陈述句（Declarative Se
12、ntences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实）The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）,2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know
13、 that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesnt know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？,3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：Sit down, please.请坐。Dont be nervous!别紧张！4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good new
14、s it is!多好的消息啊！,祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。1） 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。 Take this seat. Do be careful.否定结构：Dont move.Dont be late.,2） 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句a. Lets 包括说话者 Lets have another try，shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try?b.Let us 不包括说话者 Let us have another
15、 try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try?否定结构：Lets not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter.,感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序How+形容词或副词+陈述语序What +名词+陈述语序What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What
16、+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序,How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!感叹句的省略形式为：What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather （it is）!What a clever boy (he is)!,典型例题1）_ food youve cooked! A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. Wh
17、at nice2）_terrible weather weve been having these days!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a3) - _ I had!- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time,强调句结构 常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。 It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。It is from the sun that we get light and heat.It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.1） It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which 2）It is ten years _ Miss Green r
